ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Internationally, it has been recognised that parents need to advocate for their children with disabilities to receive services. However, many parents find advocacy difficult because of systemic and logistical barriers. As such, parents of children with disabilities may seek a special education advocate to help them understand their child's rights and secure services. Yet little research has been conducted about programmes to develop special education advocates. METHODS: In this study, we conducted a comparison study to determine the association of an advocacy programme (i.e. the Volunteer Advocacy Project) on a primary outcome (i.e. special education knowledge) and other outcomes (i.e. family-school partnership, empowerment and parent well-being). Specifically, in 2017, 34 participants, all mothers of children with disabilities, were recruited from disability organisations in the USA. Seventeen mothers participated in the intervention group (i.e. the advocacy training), while 17 mothers participated in the wait list control group. The Volunteer Advocacy Project is a 36 hr advocacy training for individuals to gain instrumental and affective knowledge to advocate for their own children with disabilities and for other families. All participants completed a pre-survey and post-survey; only intervention group participants completed a 6-month follow-up survey. RESULTS: Compared with 17 wait list control group participants, the 17 intervention group participants demonstrated improvements in special education knowledge, P = 0.002, η2 = 0.32, and self-mastery, P = 0.04, η2 = 0.15, and decreases in the quality of family-school partnerships, P = 0.002, η2 = 0.32. At the follow-up survey, intervention group participants demonstrated increases in empowerment, P = 0.04, η2 = 0.29, and special education knowledge, P = 0.02, η2 = 0.38. CONCLUSIONS: Implications for research including the need for a randomised controlled trial are discussed; also, practitioners need to evaluate advocacy training programmes regarding their effectiveness.
Subject(s)
Disabled Children/rehabilitation , Education, Nonprofessional , Education, Special , Mothers , Patient Advocacy/education , Program Evaluation , Schools , Self Efficacy , Adult , Child , Empowerment , Female , Humans , Intersectoral Collaboration , Male , Pilot ProjectsABSTRACT
El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la relación que existe entre el periodo de lactancia materna y el desarrollo de la arcada dentaria superior. Se relacionaron 58 niños entre 3 y 6 años de edad, de la Clínica del Niño y del Bebe de la UIGV "Pueblo Libre" - Lima. Se midieron en los modelos de estudio el tipo de arco, presencia de espacios primate s, profundidad pala tina, forma, longitud, perímetro y ancho del arco superior; encontrándose diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado en la distancia intermolar en el arco dentario superior decidua para un periodo de lactancia mixta adecuada. Asimismo, en las restantes características mayor prevalencia sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa. En conclusión, en la siguiente investigación se encontró relación entre el período de lactancia materna y la distancia intermolar en el arco dentario superior decidua...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the period of breastfeeding and the development of the upper dental arch. Fifty-eight children between 3 and 6 years old were evaluated at the Children and Baby Dental Clinic of the UIGV "Pueblo Libre" - Lima. In the study casts were measured the type of arc, the presence of primate spaces, palatal depth, shape, length, perimeter and width of the upper arch, finding statistically significant difference (p <0.05) through chi-square test at intermolar distance in the deciduous upper dental arch for a suitable mixed breastfeeding. Further, the other characteristics show more prevalence with no statistically significant difference. In conclusion, in this research was found a relationship between the period of breastfeeding and the intermolar distance in the deciduous upper dental arch...
Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Dental Arch , Breast Feeding , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , PeruABSTRACT
Introducción: La función muscular condiciona cambios dinámicos en la orientación de sus fibras y posteriormente en su longitud real; estos cambios tensionales producen una remodelación en la estructura ósea interna del hueso de inserción y luego de un per¡odo de tiempo pueden condicionar cambios significativos en la arquitectura del hueso donde actúan. Objetivo: comparar las dimensiones del ala externa de la apéfisis pterigoides através de tomograf¡a de haz cónico en pacientes con y sin disfunción temporomandibular. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron 60 tomograf¡as de haz cónico de pacientes con disfunción temporomandibular y 60 tomograf¡as de pacientes sin la condición, entre los años 2010 y 2011. Resultados: se estableció que la longitud media del ala externa de la apófisis pterigoides, en pacientes con disfunción temporomandibular fue de 17,01 ñ 3,64mm en el lado derecho y de 16,21 ñ 3,51mm en el lado izquierdo; y en pacientes sin disfunción temporomandibular fue de 11,86 ñ 1,97mm en el lado derecho y 11,98 ñ 1,85mm en el lado is se encontró relación estad¡sticamente significativa entre el lado de mayor longitud del ala externa de la apófisis pterigoides y dolor ipsilateral (p<0,05). Conclusiones: existen diferencias altamente significativas en la longitud del ala externa de la apófisis pterigoides, medida en tomograf¡a de haz cónico, entre los pacientes con y sin disfunción temporomandibular (p<0,001).
Introduction: Muscular function determines the dynamic changes in orientation of its fibers and later in its length, these pressure changes occur in the structure remodeling bone marrow insertion internal and after a period of time may determine significant changes in the architecture bone where they act. Objectives: To compare lateral plateïs dimensions of pterygoid process (LPPP) by cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) in patients with and without temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Material and methods: 60 CBCT of patients with TMD and 60 CBCT patients without that condition, from 2010 to 2011. Results: Results showed patients with larger LPPP and with TMD were 17.01 ñ 3.64mm on right side and 16.21 ñ 3.51mm on left side; and in patients without TMD were 11.86 ñ 1.97mm on right side and 11.98 ñ 1.85mm on left side. We found statistically significant relation between the side of major length of LPPP and pain in the same side (p <0.05). Conclusions: There was highly significant differences in LPPP length, measured in CBCT, between patients with and without TMD (p <0.001).
Subject(s)
Humans , Prospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Ozone exposure induces increased production of free radicals which may result in oxidative stress. The objectives of this study were to determine the antioxidant effects of vitamin E on memory deficits and lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress caused by acute ozone exposure. Rats were exposed to 0.7 p.p.m. ozone for 4 h and 50 mg/kg vitamin E was administered either before or after exposure. Experiment 1 evaluated alterations in short-term and long-term memory in a passive avoidance task. Experiment 2 quantified lipid peroxidation levels of the striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex. Vitamin E administered before or after ozone exposure blocked memory deterioration and increases in lipid peroxidation levels associated with oxidative stress.
