Helicobacter pylori prevalence in healthy Mexican children: comparison between two non-invasive methods.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori detection in asymptomatic children with suspected infection or with symptoms that suggest gastric pathology is problematic, since most of the methods depend on the endoscopic study, an invasive and expensive method. Non-invasive methods can be a feasible alternative but must be validated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concordance between H. pylori DNA detection in saliva and dental plaque by PCR, with antigen detection in stool by immunochromatography, among asymptomatic children in the state of Guerrero, Mexico. METHODS: Dental plaque, saliva, and stool samples were obtained from 171 children between 6 and 12 years old. H. pylori detection in saliva and dental plaque was performed by PCR using specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene, while the detection in stool samples was performed by immunochromatography using the CerTest kit. RESULTS: We found an overall H. pylori prevalence of 59.6% (102/171). Of the H. pylori positive children 18% (20/111) were positive in saliva samples, 28.1% (34/121) in dental plaque samples, and 50.4% (71/141) in stool samples. A higher prevalence was found in girls (64.7%, p = 0.002). Although some of the children declared some dyspeptic symptoms, these were no related to H. pylori. In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of H. pylori in asymptomatic children and the highest proportion was detected by stool antigen test, which was the most feasible method to detect H. pylori infection.

Evidencia molecular de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi TcI en Meccus pallidipennis capturados en el municipio de Tepecuacuilco, Guerrero.

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Helicobacter pylori vacA s1m1 genotype but not cagA or babA2 increase the risk of ulcer and gastric cancer in patients from Southern Mexico.

BACKGROUND: The vacA, cagA and babA2 genotypes of Helicobacter pylori are associated with gastric pathology. The objectives were to determine the frequency of infection and distribution of the vacA, cagA and babA2 genotypes of H. pylori in patients with gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis and gastric cancer, and to evaluate the association of virulent genotypes with diagnosis. METHODS: We studied 921 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia or with presumptive diagnosis of gastric cancer. The DNA of H. pylori and the vacA, cagA and babA2 genes was detected by PCR in total DNA from gastric biopsies. The association of H. pylori and of its cagA, vacA and babA2 genotypes with diagnosis was determined by calculating the odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: Chronic gastritis was confirmed in 767 patients, gastric ulcer in 115 and cancer in 39. The prevalence of H. pylori was 47.8, 49.6 and 61.5% in those groups, respectively. H. pylori was more frequent in the surrounding tissue (69.2%) than in the tumor (53.8%). The vacA s1m1 genotype predominated in the three groups (45.2, 61.4 and 83.3%, respectively). H. pylori was associated with cancer (ORadjusted = 2.08; 95% CI 1.05-4.13; p = 0.035) but not with ulcer (ORadjusted = 1.07; 95% CI 0.71-1.61; p = 0.728). The s1m1 genotype was associated with ulcer and cancer (ORadjusted = 2.02; 95% CI 1.12-3.62; p = 0.019 and ORadjusted = 6.58; 95% CI 2.15-20.08; p = 0.001, respectively). babA2 was associated with gastric cancer, and cagA was not associated with the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: In population from Southern Mexico, H. pylori and the s1m1 genotype were associated with gastric cancer and the s1m1/cagA+/babA2+ strains predominated in tumor and adjacent tissue.

Casos clinicos: angioplastia pulmonar percutánea en atresia pilmonar neonatal / Clinical cases: percutaneous pulmonary angioplasty neonatal pulmonary atresia

Se presenta el caso clínico de un recien nacido masculino con el diagnóstico de atresia pulmonar por fusión valvar y perfusión pulmonar ductus dependiente; a quién se realizó una valvuloplastía pulmonar percutánea con guía fluoroscópica para restablecer un flujo anterógrado efectivo desde el ventrículo derecho al árbol vascular pulmonar.

Empowered women from rural areas of Bolivia promote community development.

Abstract: The United States Agency for Development in Bolivia (USAID/Bolivia) created in 2002 PROSALUD- Partners for Development Project (PfD) with the aim of improving the population's well-being. The project used three components: small grant scheme, technical assistance and database system management. Through the small grants scheme, the PfD supported a Community Participation Strategy (CPS) project over a three year period. The project involved the rural areas of six Bolivian departments and suburban areas of three Bolivian cities. The main objective was to increase health service utilization with a particular emphasis on empowerment of women, strengthening of local organizations and increasing the demand for health services. Women from both the urban and rural areas, and from different indigenous groups, were trained in project management, health promotion, reproductive health and family planning, advocacy and community participation. Participatory methodologies have allowed empowering women in decision making and capacity building throughout the entire project process. The experience shows that it is important to work with formally established grass-root community organizations and strengthen leadership within them. Additionally, the sub-projects demonstrated that interventions are more successful when promoters speak and write native languages, women are more motivated and empowered, projects are designed to be responsive to daily necessities identified by the communities and health services are culturally suitable. A preliminary evaluation, in both quantitative and qualitative terms, shows an overall improvement in health knowledge and practice, and utilization of health services.

Eficacia del Bacillus sphaericus 2362 en el control de larvas de Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theobald, 1901) y ulex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) en bioensayos de laboratorio / Efficacy of Bacillus sphaericus 2362 in the control larvae of Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theobald, 1901) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) in laboratory bioassays

Se probó la actividad del bacillus sphaericus 2362 en formulación líquida contra larvas de Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (Theobald, 1901) y Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) en bioensayos de laboratorio. Se utilizó agua destilada y agua de criadero, con contracciones de 1 x 10 a la onceava, 1,5 x 10 a la onceava, 2,5 x 10 a la onceava, 3,9 x 10 a la onceava esporas/Ml. la población blanco se mantuvo en condiciones de laboratorio, usándose agua y flora nativa de criaderos. Se vertieron dosis de 1 mL en vasos de prueba que contenían 25 larvas de II y III estadio y 150 mL de agua de criadero o agua destilada respectivamente; se usaron vaso con igual cantidad de agua y larvas como controles para cada concentración, en condiciones de laboratorio. Se realizaron 12 réplicas divididas en 6 para cada especie, usándose un total de 4,800 larvas por especie. Las lecturas de la mortalidad de larvas fueron a las 12, 24, 48 y 72 h después de añadido Bacillus sphaericus. Se observó la elevada susceptabilidad de Culex quinquefasciatus a Bacillus sphaericus 2362, con una mortalidad mayor al 90 por ciento cuando se compararon los grupos tratados y controles (valor de p = 0,031 y 0,012 para cada tipo de agua respectivamente) a las 48 h y con una concentración de 1,5 x 10 a la onceava esporas/mL. Se demostró ampliamente que Anopheles pseudopunctipennis no es susceptible a Bacillus sphaericus 2362 en bioensayos de laboratorio y no se encontraron diferencias significativas en los tratamientos con diferentes tipos de agua (valor de p > 0,05).

Insuficiencia cardiaca secundaria a hipoparatiroidismo: una presentacion inusual / Cardiac failure secondary to hypoparathyroidism: an unusual presentation

Se comunica el caso de un paciente de 37 años con insuficiencia cardíaca e hipocalcemia. Presentaba antecedente de tiroidectomía e hipoparatiroidismo postquirúrgico ocho años antes. El cuadro de fallo ventricular respondió rápida y completamente a la terapia sustitutiva. La insuficiencia cardíaca secundaria a hipoparatiroidismo es una entidad de buen pronóstico si se realiza tratamiento adecuado en forma temprana por lo que es necesario tenerla en cuenta como causa de fallo cardíaco cuando existe el antecedente de cirurgía de cuello. Se discuten los mecanismos fisiopatogénicos que justifican la disfunción miocárdica hipocalcémica.

Insuficiencia cardiaca secundaria a hipoparatiroidismo: una presentacion inusual / Cardiac failure secondary to hypoparathyroidism: an unusual presentation

Se comunica el caso de un paciente de 37 años con insuficiencia cardíaca e hipocalcemia. Presentaba antecedente de tiroidectomía e hipoparatiroidismo postquirúrgico ocho años antes. El cuadro de fallo ventricular respondió rápida y completamente a la terapia sustitutiva. La insuficiencia cardíaca secundaria a hipoparatiroidismo es una entidad de buen pronóstico si se realiza tratamiento adecuado en forma temprana por lo que es necesario tenerla en cuenta como causa de fallo cardíaco cuando existe el antecedente de cirurgía de cuello. Se discuten los mecanismos fisiopatogénicos que justifican la disfunción miocárdica hipocalcémica. (AU)