Logistics of managing a trauma whole blood inventory in a civilian level 1 trauma center.

BACKGROUND: Institutional data on initiating and maintaining a low-titer O positive whole blood (LTOWB) inventory for the civilian trauma sector may help other institutions start a LTOWB program. This study from a level 1 trauma center with a hospital-based donor center highlights challenges faced during the collection, maintenance, and utilization of LTOWB. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Male O positive donors with low (≤1:100) anti-A and anti-B antibody titers were recruited for LTOWB collection. The daily inventory goal of 4 LTOWB units was kept in the emergency department refrigerator and transfused to adult male trauma patients. Unused units older than 10 days were reprocessed into packed red blood cells. RESULTS: Of 900 donors screened, 61% qualified and 52% of eligible donors provided a collective total of 505 LTOWB units over 2.5 years. The number of collected units directly correlated with the availability of inventory; 42% of the units were transfused, 54% were reprocessed, and 4% were discarded. The inventory goal was maintained for 56% of the year 2018 and 83% of the year 2019. Over these 2 years, 52% of patients had their transfusion needs fully met, 41% had their needs partially met, and 6.5% did not have their needs met. DISCUSSION: Initial challenges to LTOWB implementation were inventory shortages, low utilization rates, and failure to meet clinical demand. Proposed solutions include allowing for a higher yet safe titer, extending shelf life, expanding the donor pool, identifying barriers to utilization, and permitting use in female trauma patients beyond childbearing age.

Antibody profiles in COVID-19 convalescent plasma prepared with amotosalen/UVA pathogen reduction treatment.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP), from donors recovered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is one of the limited therapeutic options currently available for the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19. There is growing evidence that CCP may reduce viral loads and disease severity; and reduce mortality. However, concerns about the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) and other complications associated with transfusion of plasma, remain. Amotosalen/UVA pathogen reduction treatment (A/UVA-PRT) of plasma offers a mitigation of TTI risk, and when combined with pooling has the potential to increase the diversity of the polyclonal SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study assessed the impact of A/UVA-PRT on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 42 CCP using multiple complimentary assays including antigen binding, neutralizing, and epitope microarrays. Other mediators of CCP efficacy were also assessed. RESULTS: A/UVA-PRT did not negatively impact antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and other viral epitopes, had no impact on neutralizing activity or other potential mediators of CCP efficacy. Finally, immune cross-reactivity with other coronavirus antigens was observed raising the potential for neutralizing activity against other emergent coronaviruses. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study support the selection of effective CCP combined with the use of A/UVA-PRT in the production of CCP for patients with COVID-19.

How do we implement pathogen reduction technology, while maintaining an adequate platelet inventory for our patients?

Despite the significantly reduced infectious disease risk through robust and sensitive laboratory assays, comprehensive donor screening and good manufacturing practices, new and emerging infectious agents and bacterial contamination continue to pose a threat to the blood supply. Pathogen Reduction (PR) technology is an option to mitigate the risk of platelet transfusion transmitted infections. Here we describe our structure and strategies to implement PR technology. Pre-implementation and phased approach implementation processes from our hospital-based donor center, components processing laboratory, transfusion service, clinicians, nursing, and patient perspectives are described. Communication and reassessment of collection settings occurred between the donor center and components processing laboratory (CPL). During Phase 1, CPL consistently processed approximately 56% of monthly apheresis platelets (AP) collections by PR and the remaining 44% as conventional platelets (CP). Phase 2 increased the amount of AP undergoing PR from 56% to approximately 78%. A phased implementation and maintenance of a dual inventory may provide flexibility to blood collection, blood manufacturing, and transfusion service processes. Our dual inventory of PR and CP allows our transfusion service a readily available platelet inventory. A collaborative hospital-based donor center, component processing laboratory, and transfusion service are essential to the productivity and maintenance of the dual platelet inventory.