ABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: Uno de los factores que condiciona el peso corporal es la percepción de la imagen corporal. En estudiantes universitarios la ingesta de comida rápida puede generar dificultades en la autopercepción de la imagen corporal como lo son la subestimación o sobreestimación del estado nutricional, llegando a producir trastornos como anorexia, bulimia e intentos de suicidio. Objetivo: Comparar la autopercepción de la imagen corporal, insatisfacción corporal, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y porcentaje de grasa corporal entre mujeres y hombres de la Universidad Adventista de Chile. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo comparativo de diseño transversal, aplicado a 150 estudiantes regulares de la Universidad Adventista de Chile, Chillán (UnACh). Se realizaron evaluaciones antropométricas (IMC y pliegues cutáneos), aplicación de Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) y Test de Modelo anatómico de Montero (MAM). Resultados: Entre los principales hallazgos se presentaron diferencias entre hombres y mujeres tanto en el BSQ como en el porcentaje de grasa, no así en el MAM y en el IMC donde no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: Las mujeres evaluadas poseen mayor insatisfacción corporal y porcentaje de grasa que los hombres universitarios; sin embargo, tanto hombres como mujeres poseen autopercepción corporal que se ajusta a su IMC, no habiendo diferencias significativas entre ambos sexos.
Abstract: Introduction: One of the factors that conditions body weight is the perception of body image. In university students, eating fast food can generate disorders in the self-perception of body image, such as underestimation or overestimation of nutritional status, leading to disorders such as anorexia, bulimia, and suicide attempts. Objective: To compare the self-perception of body image, body dissatisfaction, body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat between women and men from the Chilean Adventist University. Material and methods: A comparative descriptive study of cross-sectional design applied to 150 regular students of the Adventist University of Chile, Chillán (UnACh). Anthropometric evaluations (BMI and skinfolds), application of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and the Montero Anatomical Model Test (MAM) were performed. Results: Among the main findings, there were differences between men and women both in the BSQ and in the fat percentage, but not in the MAM and in the BMI, where no significant differences were found. Conclusions: The women evaluated have higher body dissatisfaction and fat percentage than university men; however, both men and women have body self-perception that adjusts to their BMI, with no significant differences between the sexes.
Resumo: Introdução: Um dos fatores que condicionam o peso corporal é a percepção da imagem corporal. Em estudantes universitários, a ingestão de fast food pode gerar desordens na autopercepção da imagem corporal, como subestimação ou superestimação do estado nutricional, levando a desordens como anorexia, bulimia e tentativas de suicídio. Objetivo: Comparar a autopercepção da imagem corporal, insatisfação corporal, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e porcentagem de gordura corporal entre mulheres e homens na Universidade Adventista do Chile. Material e métodos: Estudo descritivo comparativo do projeto transversal, aplicado a 150 estudantes regulares da Universidade Adventista do Chile, Chillán (UnACh). Avaliações antropométricas (IMC e pregas cutâneas), aplicação do Questionário de imagem orporal (BSQ) e Teste de Modelo Anatômico de Montero (MAM) foram realizados. Resultados: Entre as principais constatações estavam diferenças entre homens e mulheres tanto no BSQ quanto na porcentagem de gordura, mas não no MAM e IMC, onde não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Conclusões: As mulheres avaliadas têm maior insatisfação corporal e maior percentual de gordura do que os homens universitários; no entanto, tanto homens como mulheres têm uma autopercepção corporal que se ajusta ao seu IMC, sem diferenças significativas entre os dois sexos.
ABSTRACT
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a sleep breathing disorder featured by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is associate with pulmonary hypertension. Rats exposed to CIH develop lung vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension, which paralleled the upregulation of stromal interaction molecule (STIM)-activated TRPC-ORAI Ca2+ channels (STOC) in the lung, suggesting that STOC participate in the pulmonary vascular alterations. Accordingly, to evaluate the role played by STOC in pulmonary hypertension we studied whether the STOC blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) may prevent the vascular remodeling and the pulmonary hypertension induced by CIH in a rat model of OSA. We assessed the effects of 2-APB on right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), pulmonary vascular remodeling, α-actin and proliferation marker Ki-67 levels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC), mRNA levels of STOC subunits, and systemic and pulmonary oxidative stress (TBARS) in male Sprague-Dawley (200 g) rats exposed to CIH (5% O2, 12 times/h for 8h) for 28 days. At 14 days of CIH, osmotic pumps containing 2-APB (10 mg/kg/day) or its vehicle were implanted and rats were kept for 2 more weeks in CIH. Exposure to CIH for 28 days raised RVSP > 35 mm Hg, increased the medial layer thickness and the levels of α-actin and Ki-67 in PASMC, and increased the gene expression of TRPC1, TRPC4, TRPC6 and ORAI1 subunits. Treatment with 2-APB prevented the raise in RVSP and the increment of the medial layer thickness, as well as the increased levels of α-actin and Ki-67 in PASMC, and the increased gene expression of STOC subunits. In addition, 2-APB did not reduced the lung and systemic oxidative stress, suggesting that the effects of 2-APB on vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension are independent on the reduction of the oxidative stress. Thus, our results supported that STIM-activated TRPC-ORAI Ca2+ channels contributes to the lung vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension induced by CIH.
ABSTRACT
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3 ) combined protocol affords protection against liver injury via AMPK signaling supporting energy requirements. The aim of this work was to test the hypothesis that a DHA + T3 accomplish mitochondrial adaptation through downstream upregulation of PPAR-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given daily oral doses of 300 mg DHA/kg or saline (controls) for three consecutive days, followed by 0.05 mg T3 /kg (or hormone vehicle) ip at the fourth day, or single dose of 0.1 mg T3 /kg alone. Liver mRNA levels were assayed by qPCR, NAD+ /NADH ratios, hepatic proteins, histone 3 acetylation and serum T3 and ß-hydroxybutyrate levels were determined by specific ELISA kits. Combined DHA + T3 protocol led to increased liver AMPK, PGC-1α, NRF-2, COX-IV, and ß-ATP synthase mRNAs, with concomitant higher protein levels of COX-IV and NRF-2, 369% enhancement in the NAD+ /NADH ratio, 47% decrease in histone 3 acetylation and 162% increase in serum levels of ß-hydroxybutyrate over control values. These changes were reproduced by the higher dose of T3 without major alterations by DHA or T3 alone. In conclusion, liver mitochondrial adaptation by DHA + T3 is associated with PGC-1α upregulation involving enhanced transcription of the coactivator, which may be contributed by PGC-1α deacetylation and phosphorylation by SIRT1 and AMPK activation, respectively. This contention is supported by NRF-2-dependent enhancement in COX-1 and ß-ATP synthase induction with higher fatty acid oxidation resulting in a significant ketogenic response, which may represent a suitable strategy for hepatic steatosis with future clinical applications. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):271-278, 2019.
Subject(s)
Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Mitochondria/metabolism , Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism , Sirtuin 1/metabolism , Thyroid Hormones/pharmacology , Animals , Male , Mitochondria/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
Thyroid hormone (3,3',5-triiodothyronine, T3) accelerates energy metabolism in the liver through mechanisms involving upregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This study aims to assess the influence of T3 on the expression of the scaffold proteins ß-Klotho, fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2α (FRS2α), and Sestrin2 in relation to FGF21-AMPK signaling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.1 mg T3/kg or hormone vehicle (controls) and studies were done 24 h after treatment. These include measurements of the mRNA expression (qPCR) of hepatic ß-Klotho, FGF21, FGF21 receptor-1 (FGFR1), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), FRS2α, ribosomal S6 kinase-1 (RSK1), liver kinase B1 (LKB1), AMPK, and Sestrin2. Also, protein levels of FGF21, FGFR1 (ELISA), and ERK1/2 (Western blot) were measured. T3 elicited a calorigenic response with higher hepatic mRNA expression of ß-Klotho, FRS2α, and FGF21, increased serum FGF21, without changes in liver FGFR1 mRNA and its plasma levels. In addition, T3 enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the mRNA expression of ERK1/2, RSK1, LKB1, AMPK, and Sestrin2. T3 administration enhances liver FGF21-AMPK signaling involving upregulation of the scaffold proteins ß-Klotho, FRS2α, and Sestrin2. ß-Klotho and FRS2 induction favours the operation of the FGF21-FGFR1-ß-Klotho complex as evidenced by the enhancement in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas that of Sestrin2 recruits LKB1 to achieved AMPK activation, thus supporting a higher energy expenditure condition that may be desirable in some metabolic disorders.
Subject(s)
AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism , Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism , Glucuronidase/metabolism , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Triiodothyronine/metabolism , AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/drug effects , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/drug effects , Animals , Fibroblast Growth Factors/drug effects , Glucuronidase/drug effects , Klotho Proteins , Male , Nuclear Proteins/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Triiodothyronine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Prevention of ischemia-reperfusion liver injury is achieved by a combined omega-3 and thyroid hormone (T3 ) protocol, which may involve peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α)-fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling supporting energy requirements. Combined docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; daily doses of 300 mg/kg for 3 days) plus 0.05 mg T3 /kg given to fed rats elicited higher hepatic DHA contents and serum T3 levels, increased PPAR-α mRNA and its DNA binding, with higher mRNA expression of the PPAR-α target genes for carnitine-palmitoyl transferase 1α, acyl-CoA oxidase, and 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2, effects that were mimicked by 0.1 mg T3 /kg given alone or by the PPAR-α agonist WY-14632. Under these conditions, the mRNA expression of retinoic X receptor-α (RXR-α) is also increased, with concomitant elevation of the hepatic mRNA and protein FGF21 levels and those of serum FGF21. It is concluded that PPAR-α-FGF21 induction by DHA combined with T3 may involve ligand activation of PPAR-α by DHA and enhanced expression of PPAR-α by T3 , with consequent upregulation of the FGF21 that is controlled by PPAR-α. Considering the beneficial effects of PPAR-α-FGF21 signaling on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, further investigations are required to clarify its potential therapeutic applications in human metabolic disorders. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):638-646, 2016.
