[Buiatrics: What's your diagnosis?] / Rindermedizin ­ Was ist Ihre Diagnose?

INTRODUCTION: Therapy of a high-grade balanoposthitis with partial penile and preputial prolapse after unsuccessful initial therapy of a ten-year-old dexter bull. Two punctures, about 1 cm depth were found at the base of the prolapsed tissue, which were probably caused by partially perforating U-stitches by the local veterinarian. The highly inflamed and swollen tissue disabled the penis to retract. The prolapse was repositioned and the preputial opening was partially closed using a modified Buhner stitch. Consecutively, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs were administered, and regular wound toilets were performed. After 14 days, the increase in circumference at the base of the prolapse was partially removed and histopathologically identified as pyogranulomatous inflammation. Surgery was repeated two weeks later. Potentia coeundi could thus be re-established. This case shows that regular breeding hygienic examinations are of great importance in order to identify morphological changes in early stages and to treat them adequately.

INTRODUCTION: Traitement d'une importante balanoposthite avec prolapsus pénien et préputial partiel après traitement initial infructueux d'un taureau Dexter de dix ans. Deux perforations d'environ 1 cm de profondeur ont été trouvées à la base du tissu prolabé, probablement causées par des points de suture en U posés par le vétérinaire traitant pour éviter une récidive. Le tissu très enflammé et enflé a empêché le pénis de se rétracter. Le prolapsus a été repositionné et l'ouverture préputiale a été partiellement fermée à l'aide d'un point de Buhner modifié. Consécutivement, des antibiotiques et des anti-inflammatoires ont été administrés et des toilettes des plaies régulières ont été effectuées. Après 14 jours, l'augmentation de la circonférence à la base du prolapsus a été partiellement réséquée et identifiée histopathologiquement comme une inflammation pyogranulomateuse. La chirurgie a été répétée deux semaines plus tard. La potentia coeundi a pu ainsi être rétablie. Ce cas montre que des examens d'hygiène d'élevage réguliers sont d'une grande importance afin d'identifier les changements morphologiques aux stades précoces et de les traiter de manière adéquate.

Cannabidiol Exposure During the Mouse Adolescent Period Is Without Harmful Behavioral Effects on Locomotor Activity, Anxiety, and Spatial Memory.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid whose purported therapeutic benefits and impression of a high safety profile has promoted its increasing popularity. CBD's popularity is also increasing among children and adolescents who are being administered CBD, off label, for the treatment of numerous symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression. The relative recency of its use in the adolescent population has precluded investigation of its impact on the developing brain and the potential consequences that may present in adulthood. Therefore, there's an urgency to identify whether prolonged adolescent CBD exposure has substantive impacts on the developing brain that impact behavioral and cognitive processes in adulthood. Here, we tested the effect of twice-daily intraperitoneal administrations of CBD (20 mg/kg) in male and female C57BL/6J mice during the adolescent period of 25-45 days on weight gain, and assays for locomotor behavior, anxiety, and spatial memory. Prolonged adolescent CBD exposure had no detrimental effects on locomotor activity in the open field, anxiety behavior on the elevated plus maze, or spatial memory in the Barnes Maze compared to vehicle-treated mice. Interestingly, CBD-treated mice had a faster rate of learning in the Barnes Maze. However, CBD-treated females had reduced weight gain during the exposure period. We conclude that prolonged adolescent CBD exposure in mice does not have substantive negative impacts on a range of behaviors in adulthood, may improve the rate of learning under certain conditions, and impacts weight gain in a sex-specific manner.

Comparison of three different farrowing systems: skin lesions and behaviour of sows with special regard to nursing behaviour in a group housing system for lactating sows.

While group housing (GH) is mandatory in the European Union for the greater part of pregnancy, single housing in farrowing crates (FCs) during lactation that restrict sows in most of their natural behaviour patterns is still practised on a large scale. Research is urgently needed to develop alternative farrowing systems that improve sows' welfare. Therefore, sows in three different farrowing systems - pens with FC, loose housing (LH) pens and GH for six sows - were compared regarding the level of skin injuries and their active and resting behaviour. A skin injury score was assessed for 15 body parts of 102 sows in six batches on 3 days (days 1, 14 and 34). In total, the active and resting behaviour of 77 sows in six batches was examined on 3 days (days 18, 25 and 32) between 0700 h and 1900 h by means of a scan sampling method. The suckling behaviour and the level of cross-suckling were analysed in GH by means of direct observation in four batches during three 4-h sampling periods (days 17, 24 and 31). No significant differences were found in total skin injuries when the sows entered the systems (day 1), but GH sows showed significantly higher total skin injuries compared to FC and LH sows in the middle (day 14) and at the end (day 34) of the lactation period. A significant difference between FC and LH sows was never seen. Differences were found for the proportion of different body postures between the three systems. The odds for lying in lateral recumbency versus standing and sitting versus standing were significantly higher for FC and LH sows compared to GH sows. Additionally, sows were significantly more likely to be standing as opposed to lying in lateral recumbency as the lactation period progressed. Cross-suckling was a frequent behaviour in GH, seen in 35.0% of all successful suckling bouts. However, only an average of 0.56 piglets per successful suckling bout was observed cross-suckling, suggesting only a few piglets were engaged in cross-suckling. In conclusion, the skin injury score was only moderately increased in GH compared to FC and LH and comparable to pregnant group-housed sows, both free farrowing systems seemed to be an environmental enrichment for lactating sows and good management cannot prevent the occurrence of cross-suckling in a GH system, but can probably reduce it.

[Intoxication with methadone and benzodiazepines in a morbidly obese patient in the social environment of a heroin addict receiving methadone maintenance therapy]. / Intoxikation durch Methadon und Benzodiazepine bei einem Patienten mit Adipositas permagna im Umfeld einer substituierten Drogenabhängigen.

Methadone is a well-established maintenance drug for the therapy of opioid addicts. Reduction of mortality, social stabilization and reintegration are basic goals of this therapeutic concept. In the ideal case, total opioid abstinence can be achieved. In Germany, detailed guidelines exist for methadone maintenance treatment (e. g. choice of the maintenance drug, "take home" doses) and are regularly published and updated by the National Medical Council. In the social environment of opioid addicts, misuse or accidental intoxication in non-addict family members or co-addicts may occur. We report an intoxication with methadone of the husband of a heroin-addict patient. In this morbidly obese patient, a simultaneous ingestion of benzodiazepines was suspected. This case report describes the diagnostic and therapeutical options of an opioid intoxication in a patient with severe obesity with special emphasis on the airway management strategy in an out-of-hospital situation.