ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, the need for new anticancer herbal drugs is becoming more urgent considering the side effects of synthetic drugs. This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of isolates derived from the methanol extract of Annona squamosa Linn. leaves and to identify the compounds that have an active effect against HeLa cells. Materials and Methods: The leaf metabolites of A. squamosa L. were extracted using methanol at room temperature (28°C) and were partitioned into n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol. The toxicity test of these extracts was conducted using a brine shrimp lethality assay. Furthermore, the most toxic extracts were separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography to yield four isolate fractions: FA, FB, FC, and FD. The most toxic isolates were tested for anticancer against HeLa cells, and their compounds were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: The results showed that the most toxic isolate with an LC50 value of 100.00 ppm had a potency similar to that of an anticancer agent with an IC50 value of 70.9021 ppm. Furthermore, the five compounds identified in this isolate include (6S, 7aR)-6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-1-benzofuran-2-one or loliolide, cocamidopropyl betaine, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]dodecanamide or lauramidopropyl dimethylamine, linolenic acid, and 1-dodecyl-2-azepanone or laurocapram. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the leaf isolates of A. squamosa Linn. had shown anticancer activities against cervical cancer.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: The purposes of this study were to determine the anticancer activity of Xestospongia testudinaria sponge isolate and identify the responsible compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The metabolites were extracted using methanol maceration at room temperature. The separation and purification of metabolites were performed using fractionation and column chromatography. The toxicity was examined using the brine shrimp lethality assay, and the toxic isolates were tested for anticancer activity against HeLa cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was used to identify the compounds in the isolate. RESULTS: When the methanol extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol, the chloroform fraction was the most toxic, with a concentration that results in 50% lethality (LC50) value of 39.81 ppm. After separation of the chloroform extract, fraction B (FB) was the most toxic, with an LC50 value of 44.67 ppm. The isolate from FB showed anticancer activity with a concentration at which 50% of growth was inhibited (IC50) of 2.273 ppm. In total, 21 compounds were identified in anticancer isolates: Nonanedioic acid; tetradecanoic acid; trans-phytol; 2-pentadecanone-6,10,14-trimethyl; pentadecanoic acid; 2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-; pentadecanoic acid; 2-hexadecen-1-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-; 2,3,7-trimethyloctanal; palmitic acid; docosanoic acid, ethyl ester; 1,E-11,Z-13-octadecatriene; chloromethyl 4-chlorododecanoate; 1-tricosene; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid; 4,8,12,16-tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide; 1-docosene; heneicosane; phosphonic acid, dioctadecyl ester; dodecane,4,6-dimethyl-; n-tetratriacontane; 1-iodohexadecane; and n-heneicosane. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the isolate of X. testudinaria can be used as a natural anticancer toward HeLa cell.
