The impact of social cohesion and risk communication on excess mortality due to COVID-19 in 213 countries: a retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: Tools for assessing a country's capacity in the face of public health emergencies must be reviewed, as they were not predictive of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social cohesion and risk communication, which are related to trust in government and trust in others, may have influenced adherence to government measures and mortality rates due to COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the association between indicators of social cohesion and risk communication and COVID-19 outcomes in 213 countries. RESULTS: Social cohesion and risk communication, in their dimensions (public trust in politicians, trust in others, social safety nets, and equal distribution of resources index), were associated with lower excess mortality due to COVID-19. The number of COVID-19-related disorder events and government transparency were associated with higher excess mortality due to COVID-19. The lower the percentage of unemployed people, the higher the excess mortality due to COVID-19. Most of the social cohesion and risk communication variables were associated with better vaccination indicators, except for social capital and engaged society, which had no statistically significant association. The greater the gender equality, the better the vaccination indicators, such as the number of people who received all doses. CONCLUSION: Public trust in politicians, trust in others, equal distribution of resources and government that cares about the most vulnerable, starting with the implementation of programs, such as cash transfers and combating food insecurity, were factors that reduced the excess mortality due to COVID-19. Countries, especially those with limited resources and marked by social, economic, and health inequalities, must invest in strengthening social cohesion and risk communication, which are robust strategies to better cope with future pandemics.

Correction: Osteoporotic hip fracture-Comorbidities and factors associated with in-hospital mortality in the elderly: A nine-year cohort study in Brazil.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272006.].

National governance and excess mortality due to COVID-19 in 213 countries: a retrospective analysis and perspectives on future pandemics.

BACKGROUND: National governance may have influenced the response of institutions to the Covid-19 pandemic, being a key factor in preparing for the next pandemics. The objective was to analyze the association between excess mortality due to COVID-19 (daily and cumulative per 100 thousand people) and national governance indicators in 213 countries. METHOD: Multiple linear regression models using secondary data from large international datasets that are in the public domain were performed. Governance indicators corresponded to six dimensions: (i) Voice and Accountability; (ii) Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism; (iii) Government Effectiveness; (iv) Regulatory Quality; (v) Rule of Law and (vi) Control of Corruption. The statistical analysis consisted of adjusting a multiple linear regression model. Excess mortality due to COVID-19 was adjusted for potential confounding factors (demographic, environmental, health, economic, and ethnic variables). RESULTS: The indicators Control of Corruption, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality and Rule of Law had a significant inverse association (p < 0.0001) with the estimated excess mortality in 2020, 2021 and 2022. Furthermore, the governance indicators had a direct significant association (p < 0.0001) with the vaccination variables (People_fully_vaccinated; Delivered population; The total number of vaccination doses administered per 100 people at the country level), except for the variables Vaccination policies and Administration of first dose, which were inversely associated. In countries with better governance, COVID-19 vaccination was initiated earlier. CONCLUSION: Better national governance indicators were associated with lower excess mortality due to COVID-19 and faster administration of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Post-marketing authorisation safety and efficacy surveillance of advanced therapy medicinal products in Brazil, the European Union, the United States and Japan.

BACKGROUND AIMS: Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are a class of biological products for human use that are based on gene, tissues or cells. ATMPs have peculiar characteristics when compared with traditional medicines. In this regard, long-term safety and efficacy follow-up systems of individuals treated with ATMPs have become necessary and may present unique challenges, because unlike conventional drugs and biologics, these products can exert their effects for years after administration. This work seeks to assess the requirements foreseen in the regulatory frameworks for the post-marketing authorization safety and efficacy surveillance for ATMPs in Brazil, European Union (EU), Japan and United States, which are some of the members of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. METHODS: We reviewed the scientific literature and official documents of regulatory agencies (RAs) in Brazil, the EU, Japan and the United States. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: RAs in the EU, US and Japan have developed regulatory guidelines for the post-marketing surveillance of ATMPs. These guidelines aim at implementing surveillance plans for monitoring adverse events, including late ones, after marketing authorization. All the ATMPs authorized by the RAs studied, submitted some type of post-marketing requirement to supplement safety and efficacy data, according to the regulations and terminology used by those jurisdictions.

ANALYSIS OF OUTCOMES AND REASONS FOR REFUSING ORGANS FOR TRANSPLANTS IN BRAZIL / ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS Y MOTIVOS DE RECHAZO DE ÓRGANOS PARA TRASPLANTE EN BRASIL / ANÁLISE DE DESFECHOS E MOTIVOS DE RECUSAS DE ÓRGÃOS PARA TRANSPLANTES NO BRASIL

Introduction: In a scenario of insufficient organs to meet the total waiting list for transplants in Brazil, it is important to know the final outcome of the offers made by the National Transplant Center (CNT) of the Ministry of Health (MS) and the reason why the organs are refused by the transplantation teams, since only a small part of the offers made within the scope of the single national list are converted into transplants. General objective: To describe the outcomes and reasons for refusal of the organs offered for the single national list, managed by the CNT. Method: Descriptive retrospective cohort study, with a quali-quantitative approach, on the CNT solid organ offer outcome dataset and refusal reasons for solid organs, from 2014 to 2021. Results: Of the total of 22,824 organ offers in the period from 2014 to 2021 (n= 22,824), 8,483 (37%) were initially accepted and 14,341 (63%) were rejected by the transplant teams. Of the total number of organs accepted, 6,433 (76%) were effectively implanted and 2,050 (24%) were not used for transplantation. As for the outcome by type of organ, 511 hearts (16%), 212 lungs (12%), 2,149 livers (37%), 5,504 kidneys (54%) and 106 pancreas (5%) were accepted. 2631 hearts (84%), 1559 lungs (88%), 3617 livers (63%), 4677 kidneys (46%) and 1857 pancreas (95%) were rejected. 441 hearts (86%), 164 lungs (77%), 1738 livers (81%), 4014 kidneys (73%) and 76 pancreas (72%) were implanted. 2,050 organs were not used, 70 hearts (14%), 48 lungs (23%), 411 livers (19%), 1,491 kidneys (27%) and 30 pancreas (28%). Conclusion: In the evaluated period, the acceptance of the offered organ resulted in 37% of the total offers made for the national list, managed by the CNT. Of these, 76% had the effective implantation of the organ as an outcome and non-use in 24% of the outcomes. As for the type of organ offered, the highest rate of the "organ accepted" event corresponded to the kidneys (54%) followed by the liver (37%). The highest rate of the "organ refused" event was registered for the lung (88%), followed by the pancreas (95%). The highest rate of the "implanted organs" event was registered by the heart (86%) and the "unused organs" event was shown by the pancreas (28%), followed by the kidneys (27%). With regard to reasons for refusal, refusals due to logistics accounted for only 6% of the identified reasons. The highest rate of reasons for refusal was attributed to the group of events "donor conditions" (59%), followed respectively by "other reasons" unspecified (21%), "organ conditions" (9%) and "donor conditions". recipient" (5%), with refusals due to "logistics" corresponding to the penultimate place. With this work, it is concluded that the use of the organs offered at the national level can be enhanced, based on a better understanding of the real reasons for refusal and the identification of opportunities for rescuing initially refused donors. It is also inferred that the refinement of the reasons for refusal could reduce the rates of non-use of organs, in order to contribute to changing the shortage scenario. The current record of the outcome and reasons for refusal made by the CNT offers important information, however, other studies are needed to debug the reasons for refusal of the organs offered for the single national waiting list for transplants, aiming to contribute to the planning of strategies for better use. of the organs offered.

Introducción: En un escenario de órganos insuficientes para atender la lista total de espera para trasplantes en Brasil, es importante conocer el resultado final de las ofertas realizadas por el Centro Nacional de Trasplante (CNT) del Ministerio de Salud (MS) y el motivo por qué los órganos son rechazados por los equipos de trasplante, ya que solo una pequeña parte de las ofertas realizadas en el ámbito de la lista única nacional se convierten en trasplantes. Objetivo general: Describir los resultados y motivos de denegación de los órganos ofertados para la lista única nacional, gestionada por la CNT. Método: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de cohortes, con enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, sobre el conjunto de datos de resultados de oferta de órganos sólidos de CNT y motivos de rechazo de órganos sólidos, de 2014 a 2021. Resultados: Del total de 22.824 ofertas de órganos en el período de 2014 a 2021 (n= 22.824), 8.483 (37%) fueron aceptados inicialmente y 14.341 (63%) fueron rechazados por los equipos de trasplante. Del total de órganos aceptados, 6.433 (76%) fueron efectivamente implantados y 2.050 (24%) no fueron utilizados para trasplante. En cuanto al resultado por tipo de órgano, se aceptaron 511 corazones (16%), 212 pulmones (12%), 2149 hígados (37%), 5504 riñones (54%) y 106 páncreas (5%). Se rechazaron 2631 corazones (84%), 1559 pulmones (88%), 3617 hígados (63%), 4677 riñones (46%) y 1857 páncreas (95%). Se implantaron 441 corazones (86%), 164 pulmones (77%), 1738 hígados (81%), 4014 riñones (73%) y 76 páncreas (72%). No se utilizaron 2.050 órganos, 70 corazones (14%), 48 pulmones (23%), 411 hígados (19%), 1.491 riñones (27%) y 30 páncreas (28%). Conclusión: En el período evaluado, la aceptación del órgano ofertado supuso el 37% del total de ofertas realizadas para la lista nacional, gestionada por la CNT. De estos, el 76% tuvo como desenlace la implantación efectiva del órgano y la no utilización en el 24% de los desenlaces. En cuanto al tipo de órgano ofertado, la mayor tasa de evento "órgano aceptado" correspondió a los riñones (54%) seguido del hígado (37%). La tasa más alta de evento de "rechazo de órgano" se registró en el pulmón (88 %), seguido del páncreas (95 %). La tasa más alta del evento "órganos implantados" la registró el corazón (86%) y el evento "órganos no utilizados" la presentó el páncreas (28%), seguido de los riñones (27%). En cuanto a los motivos de denegación, las denegaciones por motivos logísticos representaron solo el 6% de los motivos identificados. La tasa más alta de motivos de rechazo se atribuyó al grupo de eventos "condiciones del donante" (59 %), seguido respectivamente de "otros motivos" no especificados (21 %), "condiciones del órgano" (9 %) y "condiciones del donante". destinatario" (5%), correspondiendo las negativas por "logística" al penúltimo lugar. Con este trabajo se concluye que se puede potenciar el uso de los órganos ofrecidos a nivel nacional, a partir de una mejor comprensión de las verdaderas razones de rechazo y la identificación de oportunidades de rescate de donantes inicialmente rechazados. También se infiere que el perfeccionamiento de los motivos de denegación podría reducir las tasas de no uso de órganos, con el fin de contribuir a cambiar el escenario de escasez. El registro actual de resultado y motivos de rechazo realizado por la CNT ofrece información importante, sin embargo, se necesitan otros estudios para depurar los motivos de rechazo de los órganos ofrecidos para la lista única nacional de espera para trasplantes, con el fin de contribuir a la planificación de estrategias para un mejor aprovechamiento de los órganos ofrecidos.

Introdução: Num cenário de manifestação de órgãos para atender ao total da lista de espera por transplantes no Brasil, é relevante conhecer o desfecho das ofertas feitas pela Central Nacional de Transplantes (CNT) do Ministério da Saúde (MS) e o motivo pelo qual os órgãos são recusados ​​​​​​pelas equipes transplantadoras, visto que apenas uma pequena parte das ofertas feitas no âmbito da lista única nacional, são convertidos em transplantes. Objetivo geral : Descrever os óbitos e motivos de recusa dos órgãos oferecidos para a lista única nacional, gerenciada pela CNT. Método:Estudo de coorte retrospectivo de caráter descritivo, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, sobre o conjunto de dados de ofertas de mortes de motivos e recusas de órgãos sólidos da CNT, no período de 2014 a 2021. Resultados: Do total de 22.824 ofertas de órgãos no período de 2014 a 2021 (n= 22.824), 8.483 (37%) foram inicialmente aceitos e 14.341 (63%) foram recusados ​​pelas equipes transplantadoras. Do total de órgãos aceitos, 6.433 (76%) foram efetivamente melhorados e 2.050 (24%) não foram utilizados para transplante. Quanto ao resultado por tipo de órgão, foram aceitos 511 corações (16%), 212 pulmões (12%), 2.149 fígados (37%), 5.504 rins (54%) e 106 pâncreas (5%).Foram recusados​​​​2.631 corações (84%), 1.559 pulmões (88%), 3.617 fígados (63%), 4.677 rins (46%) e 1.857 pâncreas (95%). Foram aprimorados 441 corações (86%), 164 pulmões (77%), 1.738 fígados (81%), 4.014 rins (73%) e 76 pâncreas (72%). Não foram utilizados 2.050 órgãos sendo, 70 corações (14%), 48 pulmões (23%), 411 fígados (19%), 1.491 rins (27%) e 30 pâncreas (28%). Conclusão: No período avaliado, o aceite do órgão oferecido teve como resultado 37% do total de ofertas feitas para a lista nacional, gerada pela CNT. Destes, 76% tiveram como resultado o implante efetivo do órgão e a não utilização em 24% dos resultados. Quanto ao tipo de órgão oferecido, a maior taxa do evento "órgão aceito" correspondeu aos rins (54%) seguido pelo fígado (37%).A maior taxa do evento "órgão recusado" foi registrada para o pulmão (88%), seguido do pâncreas (95%). A maior taxa do evento "órgãos aperfeiçoados" foi registrada pelo coração (86%) e do evento "órgãos não utilizados" foi mostrada pelo pâncreas (28%), seguida pelos enxágues (27%). Não que se refira aos motivos de recusa, pois as recusas por logística corresponderam a apenas 6% dos motivos identificados. A maior taxa de motivos de recusa foi atribuída ao grupo de eventos "condições do doador" (59%), seguidas respectivamente por "outros motivos" não especificados (21%), "condições do órgão" (9%) e "condições do receptor" (5%), sendo que as recusas pelo motivo "logística" corresponderam ao penúltimo lugar.Com este trabalho, conclui-se que o aproveitamento dos órgãos oferecidos a nível nacional pode ser potencializado, a partir do melhor entendimento dos reais motivos de recusa e da identificação de oportunidades de resgate de doadores inicialmente recusados. Depreende-se ainda, que o refinamento dos motivos de recusa poderia diminuir as taxas de não utilização de órgãos, de maneira a contribuir na alteração do cenário de escassez. O registro atual do abandono e motivos de recusas feito pela CNT oferece informações importantes, porém, outros estudos são necessários para depurar os motivos de recusa dos órgãos ofertados para a lista única nacional de espera por transplantes, visando contribuir no planejamento de estratégias para melhor aproveitamento dos órgãos ofertados.

Effects of neuromodulation on executive functions and food desires in individuals with obesity: a systematic review / Efectos de la neuromodulación sobre las funciones ejecutivas y los deseos alimentarios en pacientes con obesidad: revisión sistemática

Objective: to describe the effects of neuromodulation on the performance of executive functions in overweight and/or individuals with obesity. Methods: articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME, and Web of Science databases were selected using the following combination of descriptors: (“problem solving” OR “executive function” OR memory) AND (tDCS OR TMS) AND obesity. After applying the selection criteria, 08 articles were included for analysis. Results: the articles included had an average of 30.1 participants per study, with a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 76. The overall nutritional status ranged from underweight to grade 3 obesity, and the general mean body mass index was 28,1 kg/m2. Regarding the instruments used to assess executive functions, the most frequent were: the flanker paradigm; binocular rivalry for Continuous Flash Suppression (bCFS/NoCFS); Stroop task; Go/No-Go task; and N-back task. The primary outcomes were dependent on the neuromodulation target site. Reduced food craving and improved performance in the active group were observed from decreased response time and increased precision in cognitive tasks. Conclusion: neuromodulation can generate changes in executive functions, reducing food cravings in overweight and individuals with obesity. (AU)

Objetivo: describir los efectos de la neuromodulación en el desempeño de funciones ejecutivas en pacientes con sobrepeso y/o obesidad. Métodos: se seleccionaron artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME y Web of Science utilizando la siguiente combinación de descriptores: (“resolución de problemas” O “función ejecutiva” O memoria) Y (tDCS O TMS) Y obesidad. Después de aplicar los criterios de selección, 08 artículos fueron incluidos para el análisis. Resultados: los artículos incluidos tuvieron un promedio de 30,1 participantes por estudio, con un mínimo de 12 y un máximo de 76. El estado nutricional general osciló entre bajo peso y obesidad grado 3, y el índice de masa corporal promedio general fue de 28,1 kg/m2. En cuanto a los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar las funciones ejecutivas, los más frecuentes fueron: paradigma del flanqueador; rivalidad binocular para la supresión continua de flash (bCFS/NoCFS); tarea de Stroop; Tarea Go/No-Go; y tarea N-back. Los resultados primarios dependieron del sitio objetivo de la neuromodulación. Se observó una reducción del antojo de alimentos y un mejor rendimiento en el grupo activo debido a la disminución del tiempo de respuesta y al aumento de la precisión en las tareas cognitivas.Conclusión: la neuromodulación puede generar cambios en las funciones ejecutivas, reduciendo el antojo de alimentos en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad. (AU)

Effects of neuromodulation on executive functions and food desires in individuals with obesity: a systematic review.

Introduction: Objective: to describe the effects of neuromodulation on the performance of executive functions in overweight and/or individuals with obesity. Methods: articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME, and Web of Science databases were selected using the following combination of descriptors: ("problem solving" OR "executive function" OR memory) AND (tDCS OR TMS) AND obesity. After applying the selection criteria, 08 articles were included for analysis. Results: the articles included had an average of 30.1 participants per study, with a minimum of 12 and a maximum of 76. The overall nutritional status ranged from underweight to grade 3 obesity, and the general mean body mass index was 28,1 kg/m2. Regarding the instruments used to assess executive functions, the most frequent were: the flanker paradigm; binocular rivalry for Continuous Flash Suppression (bCFS/NoCFS); Stroop task; Go/No-Go task; and N-back task. The primary outcomes were dependent on the neuromodulation target site. Reduced food craving and improved performance in the active group were observed from decreased response time and increased precision in cognitive tasks. Conclusion: neuromodulation can generate changes in executive functions, reducing food cravings in overweight and individuals with obesity.

Introducción: Objetivo: describir los efectos de la neuromodulación en el desempeño de funciones ejecutivas en pacientes con sobrepeso y/o obesidad. Métodos: se seleccionaron artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME y Web of Science utilizando la siguiente combinación de descriptores: ("resolución de problemas" O "función ejecutiva" O memoria) Y (tDCS O TMS) Y obesidad. Después de aplicar los criterios de selección, 08 artículos fueron incluidos para el análisis. Resultados: los artículos incluidos tuvieron un promedio de 30,1 participantes por estudio, con un mínimo de 12 y un máximo de 76. El estado nutricional general osciló entre bajo peso y obesidad grado 3, y el índice de masa corporal promedio general fue de 28,1 kg/m2. En cuanto a los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar las funciones ejecutivas, los más frecuentes fueron: paradigma del flanqueador; rivalidad binocular para la supresión continua de flash (bCFS/NoCFS); tarea de Stroop; Tarea Go/No-Go; y tarea N-back. Los resultados primarios dependieron del sitio objetivo de la neuromodulación. Se observó una reducción del antojo de alimentos y un mejor rendimiento en el grupo activo debido a la disminución del tiempo de respuesta y al aumento de la precisión en las tareas cognitivas. Conclusión: la neuromodulación puede generar cambios en las funciones ejecutivas, reduciendo el antojo de alimentos en personas con sobrepeso y obesidad.

Osteoporotic hip fracture-Comorbidities and factors associated with in-hospital mortality in the elderly: A nine-year cohort study in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with the causes of in-hospital morbidity and mortality in an elderly Brazilian population due to osteoporotic hip fractures. METHOD: Retrospective cohort study involving a population over 60 years of age admitted to hospital due to osteoporotic hip fractures and followed up from hospitalization to outcome (discharge or mortality) from 2010 to 2018, in a public hospital in Brasília, the capital of Brazil. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Poisson regression model with a robust variance, observing the hierarchical model proposed and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to obtain the cutoff point for mortality incidence in relation the total length of hospital stay. Significance level was set as p < 0.05. The analyses were conducted using the SAS 9.4 software. RESULT: The mean hospital mortality rate among the 402 patients involved was 18.4%, and the associations made with the outcome mortality were per relevance: respiratory infection, age over 90 years, high preoperative cardiovascular risk, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as comorbidity, serum hemoglobin level ≤ 10 and other infections. Mortality also showed association with longer total length of hospital stay, as well as with prolonged postoperative period. CONCLUSION: Hip fractures in the elderly due to osteoporosis indicate a relationship between the sicker profile of the aging elderly population and the prevalence of chronic diseases strongly associated with in-hospital infections, contributing to increased mortality. There were fewer early interventions, and mortality was also associated with prolonged postoperative period. The aim of this study was not to compare independent variables with each other, but suggests the relationship between the presence of comorbidities, which predisposes to the development of infections, directly linked to mortality.

Comparison of new Brazilian legislation for the approval of advanced therapy medicinal products with existing systems in the USA, European Union and Japan.

BACKGROUND AIMS: Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are a class of biological products for human use that are based on genes, cells and tissues. The first ATMP received marketing authorization in Europe in 2009, whereas Brazil granted the first authorization in 2020. The objective of this study was to compare the regulatory models adopted by Brazil, the USA, Japan and the European Union, which comprise the member countries of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, with regard to the marketing authorization of ATMPs. METHODS: The authors performed a review of the scientific literature and official documents of the regulatory agencies in the aforementioned countries. RESULTS: The legislation and regulatory guidelines adopted by the regulatory agencies exhibit similarities and differences. It was not possible to assess whether these differences can be translated into divergent final recommendations by regulatory authorities upon a request for marketing authorization. CONCLUSIONS: In the future, it will be appropriate to start a progressive process of harmonization between these agencies in terms of terminology, legal recommendations and characterization requirements. This is particularly important for emerging countries such as Brazil. In this sense, some measures can be taken to achieve alignment between regulators.

Tomada de decisões ético-profissionais em situações de excepcionalidade à pandemia da Covid-19: revisão de escopo / Ethical-professional decision-making in exceptional situations given the Covid-19 pandemic: a scoping review / Toma de decisiones ético-profesionales en situaciones excepcionales en la pandemia de Covid-19: revisión de alcance

OBJETIVO: apresentar um panorama sobre o processo de tomada de decisões ético-profissionais em situações de excepcionalidade no início da pandemia da Covid-19. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, incluindo documentos publicados entre dezembro/2019 a julho/2020 nas seguintes bases de dados: Google Acadêmico, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, CINAHL e BVS. Adotou-se o PRISMA-ScR Checklist para apresentação da revisão. RESULTADOS: foram selecionados 28 documentos, organizados em cinco categorias: Requisito Técnico-Médico-Científico, Justiça e Equidade, Histórico de Saúde, Comissão para Tomada de Decisão Compartilhada e Quadro Respiratório Grave. CONCLUSÃO: os critérios indicados para priorizar o processo de atenção direcionado a pacientes graves com Covid-19 foram: parâmetros técnico-médico-científico, gravidade do quadro clínico, maior idade, ser profissional da saúde, presença de doenças de base incurável, realização de sorteio e pacientes com maior probabilidade de sobrevivência.

OBJECTIVE: to present an overview of the ethical-professional decision-making process in exceptional situations at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: this is a scoping review, including documents published between December 2019 and July 2020 in the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, CINAHL and BVS. The PRISMA-ScR Checklist was adopted to present the review. RESULTS: a total of 28 documents were selected, organized into five categories: Technical-Medical-Scientific Requirement, Justice and Equality, Health History, Commission for Shared Decision-Making and Severe Respiratory Condition. CONCLUSION: the criteria indicated to prioritize the care process targeted at critically-ill patients with COVID-19 were as follows: technical-medical-scientific parameters; severity of the clinical condition; older age; being a health professional; presence of incurable underlying diseases; carrying out draws; and patients with a higher survival probability.

OBJETIVO: presentar un panorama del proceso de toma de decisiones ético-profesionales en situaciones excepcionales al comienzo de la pandemia de Covid-19. MÉTODO: se trata de una revisión de alcance, que incluye documentos publicados entre diciembre de 2019 y julio de 2020 en las siguientes bases de datos: Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, CINAHL y BVS. Se adoptó la PRISMA-ScR Checklist para presentar la revisión. RESULTADOS: fueron seleccionados 28 documentos, organizados en cinco categorías: Requerimiento Médico Científico Técnico, Justicia y Equidad, Historial de Salud, Comisión para la Toma de Decisiones Compartidas y Cuadro Respiratorio Grave. CONCLUSIÓN: los criterios señalados para priorizar el proceso de atención dirigido a pacientes críticos con Covid-19 fueron: parámetros médicos científicos técnicos, gravedad del cuadro clínico, mayor edad, ser profesional de la salud, presencia de enfermedades de base incurables, realizar sorteos y pacientes con mayor probabilidad de supervivencia.

Perspectives of organizational identity in a health higher education institution: a mixed-method analysis.

BACKGROUND: Among the processes to be experienced by any organization during its establishment is the formation of an organizational identity. This process can be understood as the activity and event through which an organization becomes unique in the mind of its members. An organizational identity leads to an identification and both are directly associated with the success of an institution. This study is about a public higher education institution in health in its early years, with distinctive characteristics in the country where it is situated. In spite of having been successful in the graduation of its students it has fragile institutional bases, lack of autonomy and internal problems common to other institutions of this type. Thus, this study was conducted to understand how this institution defined itself among its own members, the elements of its identity and what justified its relative success despite its weaknesses. METHODS: A mixed-method approach was used to evaluate how a representative portion of this organization identifies with it. For the qualitative study two focus groups were conducted with transcripts submitted to content analysis proposed by Bardin, culminating in results from which a Likert scale-based questionnaire was elaborated and applied to 297 subjects. RESULTS: There were six central elements of the organizational identity made evident by the focus groups: political / ideological conflict; active teaching and learning methodologies; location / separation of campuses; time of existence; teaching career; political-administrative transformations. The quantitative analysis revealed in more detail the general impressions raised in the focus groups. Most results were able to demonstrate distinct identifications of the same identity with its exposed weaknesses. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of autonomy, administrative and structural shortcomings and ideological or political conflicts presented themselves as problems capable of destabilizing the identity of a public higher education institution. On the other hand, one way to combat such problems is through the development of the institution itself, particularly by becoming more active and useful to the community and seeking in a common interest to the higher administration agencies.

Sulfotyrosine-Mediated Recognition of Human Thrombin by a Tsetse Fly Anticoagulant Mimics Physiological Substrates.

Despite possessing only 32 residues, the tsetse thrombin inhibitor (TTI) is among the most potent anticoagulants described, with sub-picomolar inhibitory activity against thrombin. Unexpectedly, TTI isolated from the fly is 2000-fold more active and 180 Da heavier than synthetic and recombinant variants. We predicted the presence of a tyrosine O-sulfate post-translational modification of TTI, prompting us to investigate the effect of the modification on anticoagulant activity. A combination of chemical synthesis and functional assays was used to reveal that sulfation significantly improved the inhibitory activity of TTI against thrombin. Using X-ray crystallography, we show that the N-terminal sulfated segment of TTI binds the basic exosite II of thrombin, establishing interactions similar to those of physiologic substrates, while the C-terminal segment abolishes the catalytic activity of thrombin. This non-canonical mode of inhibition, coupled with its potency and small size, makes TTI an attractive scaffold for the design of novel antithrombotics.

Use of psychotropic agents to treat agitation and aggression in Brazilian patients with Alzheimer's disease: A naturalistic and multicenter study.

We assessed psychotropic prescribing patterns in the clinical treatment of agitation and aggressive behavior in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated at specialist outpatient clinics in the Federal District of Brazil. This was a naturalistic, observational, multicenter study of a convenience sample of patients with AD (according to DSM-5) who had behavioral symptoms of aggression and/or agitation at outpatient visits, as assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and required pharmacologic intervention. Participants were recruited in 2018-2019 from 11 AD treatment centers. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected during routine visits. The sample consisted of 369 older adults with a mean age of 82.3 (SD, 7.7) years. The medications most commonly used in patients with behavioral disorders were antidepressants (79.1%), antipsychotics (70.2%), benzodiazepines (10.6%), and mood stabilizers (9.5%). Quetiapine was the most frequently prescribed antipsychotic medication (48.5%), at a mean dose of 57.4 (SD, 40.7) mg. Citalopram was the most widely used antidepressant medication (32.0%), at a mean daily dose of 24.1 (SD, 8.1) mg. In this sample, two or more pharmacologic agents were frequently used together to control aggression and agitation. Benzodiazepine was not frequently used.

Clinical conditions and complications associated with parenteral nutrition use in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit of a general hospital / Condiciones clínicas y complicaciones asociadas al uso de nutrición parenteral en pacientes con enfermedades críticas ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos de un hospital general

OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical conditions, the existing complications, and the drug prescription profile of patients who received parenteral nutrition in the intensive care unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: this retrospective, analytical cohort study was carried out among individuals admitted to a public general hospital ICU. For data collection, the electronic medical records for the entire period of inpatient treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: in total, 213 individuals who had received parenteral nutrition for a period greater than 48 hours were included in the study. Most participants were male and mean age was < 60 years; death occurred in 75 % of patients, and abdominal surgery was the main indication for parenteral nutrition. Hyperglycemia was the most common complication. The Mann-Whitney test showed that the individuals who died were using a higher number of medications. The increased use of medications correlated with use of PN and led to an increase in hospital length of stay and death rate (p-value < 0.001). There was a higher proportion of deaths among patients using standard parenteral nutrition solutions (76.9 %) as compared to the period when patients started receiving custom-made parenteral nutrition solutions (71.7 %). However, there was no statistical evidence of the association between type of nutrition and the outcome of death (p-value = 0.395). CONCLUSIONS: custom-made parenteral nutrition may result in benefits for the patients, such as a decrease in the number of medications used. The relationship between type of nutrition and the outcome of death did not prove to be statistically significant

OBJETIVO: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las condiciones clínicas, las complicaciones existentes y el perfil de prescripción de medicamentos de los pacientes que recibieron nutrición parenteral en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: este estudio de cohortes analítico y retrospectivo se llevó a cabo entre individuos ingresados en una UCI de un hospital público general. Para la recopilación de datos se analizaron los registros médicos electrónicos de todo el período de tratamiento hospitalario. RESULTADOS: en total se incluyeron en el estudio 213 individuos que habían recibido nutrición parenteral durante un período superior a 48 horas. La mayoría de los participantes eran hombres y la edad media era < 60 años; se produjo la muerte en el 75 % de los pacientes y la cirugía abdominal fue la principal indicación de la nutrición parenteral. La hiperglucemia fue la complicación más común. La prueba de Mann-Whitney mostró que las personas que murieron estaban usando una mayor cantidad de medicamentos. El aumento en el uso de medicamentos se correlacionó con el uso de la PN y condujo a un aumento de la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y de la mortalidad (valor p < 0,001). Hubo una mayor proporción de muertes entre los pacientes que usaron soluciones de nutrición parenteral estándar (76,9 %) en comparación con el período en que los pacientes comenzaron a recibir soluciones de nutrición parenteral hechas a medida (71,7 %). Sin embargo, no hubo evidencia estadística de la asociación entre el tipo de nutrición y el resultado de la muerte (valor p = 0,395). CONCLUSIONES: la nutrición parenteral hecha a medida puede generar beneficios para los pacientes, como una disminución de la cantidad de medicamentos utilizados. La relación entre el tipo de nutrición y el resultado de la muerte no resultó ser estadísticamente significativa

Clinical conditions and complications associated with parenteral nutrition use in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit of a general hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical conditions, the existing complications, and the drug prescription profile of patients who received parenteral nutrition in the intensive care unit. Material and methods: this retrospective, analytical cohort study was carried out among individuals admitted to a public general hospital ICU. For data collection, the electronic medical records for the entire period of inpatient treatment were analyzed. Results: in total, 213 individuals who had received parenteral nutrition for a period greater than 48 hours were included in the study. Most participants were male and mean age was < 60 years; death occurred in 75 % of patients, and abdominal surgery was the main indication for parenteral nutrition. Hyperglycemia was the most common complication. The Mann-Whitney test showed that the individuals who died were using a higher number of medications. The increased use of medications correlated with use of PN and led to an increase in hospital length of stay and death rate (p-value < 0.001). There was a higher proportion of deaths among patients using standard parenteral nutrition solutions (76.9 %) as compared to the period when patients started receiving custom-made parenteral nutrition solutions (71.7 %). However, there was no statistical evidence of the association between type of nutrition and the outcome of death (p-value = 0.395). Conclusions: custom-made parenteral nutrition may result in benefits for the patients, such as a decrease in the number of medications used. The relationship between type of nutrition and the outcome of death did not prove to be statistically significant.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las condiciones clínicas, las complicaciones existentes y el perfil de prescripción de medicamentos de los pacientes que recibieron nutrición parenteral en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Material y métodos: este estudio de cohortes analítico y retrospectivo se llevó a cabo entre individuos ingresados en una UCI de un hospital público general. Para la recopilación de datos se analizaron los registros médicos electrónicos de todo el período de tratamiento hospitalario. Resultados: en total se incluyeron en el estudio 213 individuos que habían recibido nutrición parenteral durante un período superior a 48 horas. La mayoría de los participantes eran hombres y la edad media era < 60 años; se produjo la muerte en el 75 % de los pacientes y la cirugía abdominal fue la principal indicación de la nutrición parenteral. La hiperglucemia fue la complicación más común. La prueba de Mann-Whitney mostró que las personas que murieron estaban usando una mayor cantidad de medicamentos. El aumento en el uso de medicamentos se correlacionó con el uso de la PN y condujo a un aumento de la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y de la mortalidad (valor p < 0,001). Hubo una mayor proporción de muertes entre los pacientes que usaron soluciones de nutrición parenteral estándar (76,9 %) en comparación con el período en que los pacientes comenzaron a recibir soluciones de nutrición parenteral hechas a medida (71,7 %). Sin embargo, no hubo evidencia estadística de la asociación entre el tipo de nutrición y el resultado de la muerte (valor p = 0,395). Conclusiones: la nutrición parenteral hecha a medida puede generar beneficios para los pacientes, como una disminución de la cantidad de medicamentos utilizados. La relación entre el tipo de nutrición y el resultado de la muerte no resultó ser estadísticamente significativa.

Professional training and autonomy of nursing teachers in the qualification of higher education in nursing.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the aspects related to professional training and autonomy of undergraduate nursing teachers of a public institution in Brasília, Federal District, in order to contribute to the course management and qualification. METHODS: mixed method study conducted with 77 teachers. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied, where quantitative items were evaluated through the Student's T and ANOVA (p<0.05%) parametric tests. The qualitative part underwent content analysis with use of the IRAMUTEQ software and descending hierarchical classification. RESULTS: the training of professionals was focused mostly (67.5%) on their initial area of expertise, and their mean values in autonomy-related factors were low and moderate. Two categories emerged in the qualitative analysis: "Identifying teacher autonomy" and "Applying teacher autonomy". CONCLUSIONS: understanding the meaning and degree of autonomy perceived by teachers can foster the reflection on the praxis and enhance their performance.

INDICATORS OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY BY FEMUR FRACTURES IN OLDER PEOPLE: A DECADE-LONG STUDY IN BRAZILIAN HOSPITALS.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the profile of femur fractures in older adults in Brazil between 2008 and 2018. METHODS: Population-based time series study with data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (Datasus), including 480,652 hospitalizations, of adults from 60 years and over, with hip fracture (ICD10-S72). RESULTS: There was an increase of 76.9% in the hospitalization register (mean 5.87%/year) and an average incidence rate of 19.46 fractures for every 10,000 older adults. In total, 68% of hospitalizations were female, 28% from São Paulo. The average length of stay was 8.9 days, being higher in the Northern Region (11.8) and in the Federal District (18.7). Average mortality rate was 5%, being higher in men (5.45%) and over 80 years old. Northeast Region had the lowest mortality rate (3.54%). Southeast Region had the highest rate (5.53%). Total cost of hospitalizations was R$ 1.1 billion, with an average of R$ 100 million/year. Average cost per hospitalization was higher in the Southern Region (R$ 2,491.00). CONCLUSION: Femoral fracture is an important cause of mortality among older adults, with a higher incidence in women but higher mortality in men, with high cost to the system and regional differences. Level of Evidence II, Economic and decision analyses - developing an economic or decision model.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil das fraturas de fêmur em idosos no Brasil no período de 2008 a 2018. MÉTODOS: Estudo de série temporal baseado em dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus), incluindo 480.652 internações de pessoas com idade a partir de 60 anos e com fratura de quadril (ICD10-S72). RESULTADOS: Houve aumento de 76,9% no registro de hospitalização (média de 5,87% por ano) e taxa de incidência média de 19,46 fraturas para cada 10 mil idosos. O estado de São Paulo respondeu por 28% do total de registros, e as internações de pacientes do sexo feminino corresponderam a 68% do total. O tempo médio de permanência foi de 8,9 dias, com maiores índices na Região Norte (11,8) e no Distrito Federal (18,7). A taxa média de mortalidade foi de 5% e atingiu os maiores valores entre os homens (5,45%) e os pacientes com mais de 80 anos. A região Nordeste apresentou a menor taxa de mortalidade (3,54%) e a região Sudeste teve a maior (5,53%). O custo total das internações foi de R$ 1,1 bilhão, com média de R$ 100 milhões ao ano. O custo médio por hospitalização foi maior na região Sul (R$ 2.491,00). CONCLUSÃO: A fratura do fêmur é importante causa de mortalidade em idosos, com maior incidência em mulheres e maior mortalidade em homens, alto custo para o sistema e diferenças regionais. Nível de Evidência II, Análises econômicas e de decisão - desenvolvimento de modelo econômico ou de decisão.

Indicators of morbidity and mortality by femur fractures in older people: a decade-long study in brazilian hospitals / Indicadores de morbidade e mortalidade por fraturas de fêmur em idosos: análise de uma década em hospitais brasileiros

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the profile of femur fractures in older adults in Brazil between 2008 and 2018. Methods: Population-based time series study with data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (Datasus), including 480,652 hospitalizations, of adults from 60 years and over, with hip fracture (ICD10-S72). Results: There was an increase of 76.9% in the hospitalization register (mean 5.87%/year) and an average incidence rate of 19.46 fractures for every 10,000 older adults. In total, 68% of hospitalizations were female, 28% from São Paulo. The average length of stay was 8.9 days, being higher in the Northern Region (11.8) and in the Federal District (18.7). Average mortality rate was 5%, being higher in men (5.45%) and over 80 years old. Northeast Region had the lowest mortality rate (3.54%). Southeast Region had the highest rate (5.53%). Total cost of hospitalizations was R$ 1.1 billion, with an average of R$ 100 million/year. Average cost per hospitalization was higher in the Southern Region (R$ 2,491.00). Conclusion: Femoral fracture is an important cause of mortality among older adults, with a higher incidence in women but higher mortality in men, with high cost to the system and regional differences. Level of Evidence II, Economic and decision analyses - developing an economic or decision model.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil das fraturas de fêmur em idosos no Brasil no período de 2008 a 2018. Métodos: Estudo de série temporal baseado em dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (Datasus), incluindo 480.652 internações de pessoas com idade a partir de 60 anos e com fratura de quadril (ICD10-S72). Resultados: Houve aumento de 76,9% no registro de hospitalização (média de 5,87% por ano) e taxa de incidência média de 19,46 fraturas para cada 10 mil idosos. O estado de São Paulo respondeu por 28% do total de registros, e as internações de pacientes do sexo feminino corresponderam a 68% do total. O tempo médio de permanência foi de 8,9 dias, com maiores índices na Região Norte (11,8) e no Distrito Federal (18,7). A taxa média de mortalidade foi de 5% e atingiu os maiores valores entre os homens (5,45%) e os pacientes com mais de 80 anos. A região Nordeste apresentou a menor taxa de mortalidade (3,54%) e a região Sudeste teve a maior (5,53%). O custo total das internações foi de R$ 1,1 bilhão, com média de R$ 100 milhões ao ano. O custo médio por hospitalização foi maior na região Sul (R$ 2.491,00). Conclusão: A fratura do fêmur é importante causa de mortalidade em idosos, com maior incidência em mulheres e maior mortalidade em homens, alto custo para o sistema e diferenças regionais. Nível de Evidência II, Análises econômicas e de decisão - desenvolvimento de modelo econômico ou de decisão.