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1.
Respir Res ; 16: 35, 2015 Mar 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25889509

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The intake of nutrients with antioxidant properties is hypothesized to augment antioxidant defenses, decrease oxidant damage to tissues, and attenuate age-related rate of decline in lung function. The objective was to determine whether long-term intervention with selenium and/or vitamin E supplements attenuates the annual rate of decline in lung function, particularly in cigarette smokers. METHODS: The Respiratory Ancillary Study (RAS) tested the single and joint effects of selenium (200 µg/d L-selenomethionine) and vitamin E (400 IU/day all rac-α-tocopheryl acetate) in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. At the end of the intervention, 1,641 men had repeated pulmonary function tests separated by an average of 3 years. Linear mixed-effects regression models estimated the effect of intervention on annual rate of decline in lung function. RESULTS: Compared to placebo, intervention had no main effect on either forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) or forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75). There was no evidence for a smoking by treatment interaction for FEV1, but selenium attenuated rate of decline in FEF25-75 in current smokers (P = 0.0219). For current smokers randomized to selenium, annual rate of decline in FEF25-75 was similar to the annual decline experienced by never smokers randomized to placebo, with consistent effects for selenium alone and combined with vitamin E. CONCLUSIONS: Among all men, there was no effect of selenium and/or vitamin E supplementation on rate of lung function decline. However, current smokers randomized to selenium had an attenuated rate of decline in FEF25-75, a marker of airflow. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00241865 .


Subject(s)
Lung/drug effects , Lung/physiology , Selenium/administration & dosage , Smoking/drug therapy , Vitamin E/administration & dosage , Aged , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Dietary Supplements , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Respiratory Function Tests/trends , Smoking/metabolism
2.
Cancer Lett ; 338(1): 41-6, 2013 Sep 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22842095

ABSTRACT

Cancers may contain a small sub-population of uniquely tumorigenic cells that exhibit self-renewal and multipotency, i.e. cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells reside in invasive fronts in close proximity to blood vessels in many tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Recent evidence suggests that CSC resist chemotherapy and "drive" local recurrence and metastatic spread. Notably, endothelial cell-initiated signaling is critical for the survival and self-renewal of CSC and may play a role in resistance to therapy. Therefore, patients with head and neck cancer might benefit from therapies that target the CSC directly or their supportive perivascular niche.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Stem Cell Niche , AC133 Antigen , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/blood supply , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Glycoproteins/metabolism , Head and Neck Neoplasms/blood supply , Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy , Humans , Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Peptides/metabolism
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