ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical profile of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients in a Texas integrated delivery network (IDN) and elucidate the local relationship between patient factors and the risk of advanced fibrosis. METHODS: This observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study utilized existing data from the electronic health record at a large Texas IDN. Data was collected during the study period from 1 January 2019, to 1 March 2023. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, labs, and medication orders were collected from the most recent encounter in which a Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score could be calculated. Chi square tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were conducted to evaluate differences among the three fibrosis risk categories. Ordinal logistic regression was utilized to assess associations between select variables and a higher risk of advanced fibrosis. RESULTS: A total of 56,253 patients were included in the study. 34,839 (61.9%) were Low-Risk 15,578 (27.7%) were Intermediate-Risk, and 5,836 (10.4%) were High-Risk of advanced fibrosis. Results showed that up to 70.4% of patients within a risk group were obese. Only 49.5% of patients in the High-Risk group had at least one gastroenterologist or hepatologist visit. Males, Medicare patients, former smokers, and those with hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease were associated with a higher risk of advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the need for early screening and proactive management of metabolic risk factors for patients with NAFLD/NASH. The findings indicate a notable prevalence of obesity in the study population, a need for specialist referral for those at High-Risk of advanced fibrosis, and the importance of routine labs to evaluate metabolic factors. Primary care providers may be ideal providers to target these interventions and address this care need.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Male , Humans , Aged , United States , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Retrospective Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Medicare , Obesity/complications , Liver/pathologyABSTRACT
In rheumatoid arthritis, the use of Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) assessments to meet treat-to-target goals is endorsed by the 2021 American College of Rheumatology guidelines. In November 2020, the Baylor Scott & White specialty pharmacy implemented a new service that included more frequent collection of RAPID3 scores and standardized provider communication for patients co-managed by a Baylor Scott & White rheumatology clinic. The objective was to evaluate the impact of this new service on rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. Before the new service started, patients followed a protocol of RAPID3 assessments that occurred every 6 months; once the service began, patients were followed using an algorithm in which patients with higher disease activity were contacted more frequently. Eighty-six percent of patients in the pre-intervention group (n = 7) compared with 100% of patients in the post-intervention group (n = 10) had high to moderate disease activity at baseline. Within a 6-month follow-up period in both groups, the percentage of high to moderate disease activity patients decreased by 30% in the post-intervention group and remained the same in the pre-intervention group. These results support the positive impact increased specialty pharmacy services may have on clinical outcomes; therefore, the continued expansion of these services should be considered.
