Gender representation in illustrations, text, and topic areas in sexuality education curricula.

A content analysis instrument was developed to examine differences in gender representation in sexuality education curricula. Fourteen middle school and high school curricula, published between 1985 and 1995, were examined. Variables included illustrations, noun/pronoun usage, and specific topics within the two categories of biological function and mutual interest. The study examined differences in gender representation in illustrations, photographs, cartoons, drawings, and text. Omission of sexuality topics related to gender also was examined. Little difference occurred within the text of the curricula in noun and pronoun usage. Illustrations were few in number, but showed greater female representation. Greater male representation occurred in topics related to drug use, sexual exploitation, sexual desire, and homosexuality. Topics with greater female representation included body image, diseases of the reproductive organs, and hygiene.

Cross cultural child injury prevention awareness.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine how injury prevention awareness of children ages 3, 4, and 5, based on recognition of hazards in pictures differs in the United States, Belgium, East Germany and West Germany. METHODS: Children from these four countries were presented with 10 different pictures. Each picture represented a common injury producing situation to which children are exposed in traffic, home, and recreation. RESULTS: Results indicate that for pictures relating to home hazards, less than 22% of children from Belgium (21.5%), West Germany (4.7%), and the United States (20.3%) clearly recognized the essential hazards in the pictures, whereas over 40% of the East German children clearly recognized these dangers. A higher proportion of the children from all countries recognized the traffic hazards. Only 23.9% of all children had a clear recognition of the playground situations. The child's age had a bearing on ability to recognize hazards overall. CONCLUSIONS: Children need to be provided with better injury prevention education at an early age, especially those from West Germany.

Knowledge of access to and use of the emergency medical services system in a rural Illinois county.

The purpose of our study was to determine the level of knowledge concerning emergency medical care among residents of a rural county in southern Illinois. A telephone survey to 100 households was conducted. The results indicated that most persons could recognize emergency situations, but 36% of the interviewees failed to recognize severe chest pain as a condition requiring immediate care. Persons 40 years of age or over without college degrees were least likely to understand the nature of prehospital care. Almost 75% of respondents overestimated the length of time it would take for an ambulance to reach their residence. Clear deficits in public knowledge were evident. We conclude that education about the emergency care system would benefit rural residents, especially if targeted to persons over the age of 40 and to non-college graduates.