Subject(s)
Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Hyperlipidemias/genetics , Kidney Transplantation/physiology , Alleles , Genotype , Graft Survival/physiology , Humans , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology , Polymorphism, Genetic , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Pyridines/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Cystatin C is an amyloidogenic protein that colocalizes with beta-amyloid (Abeta) within arteriolar walls in Alzheimer disease (AD) brains. Recently, a coding polymorphism in the cystatin C gene (CST3) has been claimed to confer risk for the development of late-onset AD. In the present work we have tested the frequencies of CST3-A and CST3-G alleles and used chi-square and logistic regression analyses to assess the association among the CST3 polymorphism, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), and AD in a series of 159 AD patients and 155 controls. The CST3-A allele was seen to be an accumulation risk factor for early-onset AD. Furthermore, a synergistic association among the CST3-A allele, APOE4 and AD was found in AD patients whose ages were between 60 and 74 years.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Cystatins/genetics , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Case-Control Studies , Cystatin C , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polymorphism, GeneticSubject(s)
Anemia/drug therapy , Erythropoietin/therapeutic use , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/drug therapy , beta-Thalassemia/drug therapy , Adult , Anemia/etiology , Female , Hematocrit , Hemoglobins/analysis , Humans , Infant, Newborn/blood , Pregnancy , Recombinant Proteins/therapeutic use , beta-Thalassemia/complicationsABSTRACT
From January 1988 to October 1992, the primary resistance to first-line antituberculous drugs in 501 tuberculous patients was evaluated prospectively. Three-hundred and seventeen patients were HIV-negative and 184 were HIV-positive; these patients had several different clinical forms of tuberculosis. Moreover, the acquired resistance to antituberculous drugs was studied in 295 non-AIDS patients and in 42 AIDS patients with evidence of antecedent tuberculosis treatment. The data indicated that during these five years there was no consistent and clear-cut trend toward greater frequency of primary drug resistance to any of the first-line antituberculous drugs. Primary drug resistance in HIV-positive patients (7.1%) did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from that found in HIV-negative patients (8.2%). Among HIV-positive patients, the acquired drug resistance pattern was similar to that detected in HIV-negative patients although the frequency of resistance in the former (69%) was significantly higher (p < 0.01). During the study, resistance to isoniazid was almost constant in the acquired-resistance cases and was frequently associated with resistance to other drugs. Furthermore, the acquired resistance to isoniazid was often of a higher level (1 to 10 mg/l) than the primary resistance (0.2 mg/l), and those strains were usually catalase and peroxidase negative.
