Intervención psicomotriz para disminuir el nivel de agresividad en niños de 8 a 10 años de la unidad Educativa Bolivia ciudad de La Paz / Psychomotor intervention to reduce the level of aggressiveness in children from 8 to 10 years of age in the Bolivian Educational Unit in the city of La Paz

La presente investigación se realiza para disminuir la agresividad en los niños a través de la intervención psicomotriz esto para que en el futuro sean personas adultas sin violencias. La intervención psicomotriz alienta el desarrollo de los niños y niñas a partir del movimiento y del juego.

Capacidad diagnóstica de las escalas Braden Q y Norton para úlceras por presión en pacientes pediátricos de unidades críticas / Capacidade diagnóstica das escalas Braden Q e Norton para ulceres pressores em pacientes pediátricos de unidades críticas / Diagnostic capacity of the Braden Q and Norton Scales for pressure ulcers in pediatric patients of critical units

Resumen: El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer la capacidad diagnóstica de las escalas Braden Q y Norton para el desarrollo de úlceras por presión en pacientes pediátricos de Unidades Críticas en un hospital de alta complejidad en Chile. Es un estudio transversal de comparación de pruebas diagnósticas en pacientes ingresados a unidades críticas. La muestra fue no probabilística, por conveniencia de 118 niños. Se analizaron ambas escalas respetando los preceptos, para comparar la capacidad discriminativa de dos pruebas diagnósticas y verificar que ambas sean medidos simultáneamente aplicadas sobre los mismos sujetos. La investigación contó con aprobación de comité de Ética Servicio de Salud y Consentimiento Informado firmado de los padres de los niños. Se determinó que la sensibilidad de la escala Braden Q, a las 24 y 48 horas, es menor que la presentada por la Norton en las mismas evaluaciones; presenta valor predictivo positivo más alto en ambas mediciones, como también la razón de probabilidad (+). Se concluye que Braden Q es la escala idónea para valorar el riesgo de desarrollar UPP en la población pediátrica; presenta mayor confiabilidad

Resumo: O objetivo da investigação foi conhecer a capacidade diagnóstica das escalas Braden Q e Norton, para o desenvolvimento de úlceras de pressão (UPP) em pacientes pediátricos de unidades críticas, em um hospital altamente complexo, no Chile. É um estudo transversal que compara testes diagnósticos em pacientes admitidos em unidades críticas. A amostra não era probabilística, para a conveniência de 118 crianças. Ambas as escalas foram analisadas respeitando os preceitos, para comparar a capacidade discriminativa de dois testes de diagnóstico e verificar que ambos são medidos simultaneamente, aplicados nos mesmos assuntos. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética, Serviço de Saúde e Consentimento Informado assinado por pais de crianças. Determinou-se que a sensibilidade da escala de Braden Q, às 24 e 48 horas, é menor que a apResentada por Norton nas mesmas avaliações, possui maior valor preditivo positivo em ambas as medidas, bem como a razão de probabilidade (+). Conclui-se que Braden Q é a escala ideal para avaliar o risco de desenvolver UPP na população pediátrica, e apresenta maior confiabilidade

Abstract: The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the diagnostic capacity of the Braden Q and Norton scales for the development of pressure ulcers in pediatric patients of Critical Units in a highly complex hospital in Chile. It is a cross-sectional study comparing diagnostic tests in patients admitted to critical units. The sample was non-probabilistic, for the convenience of 118 children. Both scales were analyzed respecting the precepts, in order to compare the discriminative capacity of two diagnostic tests verifying that both are measured simultaneously while applied on the same subjects. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee, Health Service and Informed Consent signed by the parents of the children. It was determined that the sensitivity of the Braden Q scale, at 24 and 48 hours, is lower than Norton´s in the same evaluations; it has a higher positive predictive value in both measurements, as well as the probability ratio (+). It is concluded that Braden Q is the ideal scale to assess the risk of developing pressure ulcers in the pediatric population; it presents greater reliability

Aproximaciones a la ética y responsabilidad profesional de enfermería / Approach to ethics and professional responsibility of nursing

Resumen:

En esta era de grandes avances tecnológicos, no debe subestimarse la importancia de la ética y la responsabilidad profesional, especialmente en tiempos en que la sociedad regula jurídicamente aquellos comportamientos humanos que tienen relación con los valores. Objetivo: develar la situación de la ética y responsabilidad de las enfermeras/os en Chile. Metodología: revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos Science Direct, Lilac, Bireme, revisándose 30 estudios nacionales e internacionales, donde el límite de búsqueda fue el año 2000. En implicancias éticas, el estudio consideró las normas de Exequiel Emmanuel. Resultados: las responsabilidades de las enfermeras/os tienen relación directa con su quehacer dentro de las que destacan, la ética social, administrativa, legal y civil. Discusión y conclusión: la responsabilidad profesional se debe enfocar en brindar cuidados de calidad a las personas. El compromiso ético resulta fundamental, como una forma de orientar la praxis de las enfermeras/os y ha de ser entregado como herramienta desde el inicio de la formación de pregrado, continuando en el postgrado. El conocimiento de los diferentes tipos de responsabilidad permitirá proceder con cautela y en concordancia con los principios éticos que rigen en el ejercicio de los cuidados.

Perfil socio-familiar en adultos mayores institucionalizados: Temuco, Padre Las Casas y Nueva Imperial / Socio-family profile in institutionalized older adults: Temuco, Padre Las Casas and Nueva Imperial

Introducción: El proceso de envejecimiento genera cambios importantes en el estilo de vida de la población con repercusiones significativas en el volumen y distribución de la carga social de enfermedad. La Organización de Naciones Unidas (ONU) plantea que es un fenómeno secuencial, acumulativo e irreversible, que deteriora el organismo progresivamente hasta hacerlo incapaz de enfrentar circunstancias y condiciones del entorno. Objetivo general: Conocer el perfil socio-familiar de adultos mayores institucionalizados en comunas de Temuco, Padre Las Casas y Nueva Imperial, año 2009. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal correlacional, en muestra de 80 adultos mayores institucionales. La recolección de la información se realizó con el Cuestionario Calidad de Vida para Ancianos, elaborado por Inga y Vara, adaptado a los objetivos del estudio. Se realizó análisis descriptivo (distribución de frecuencias, medias, promedios-desviación estándar) e inferencial (chi cuadrado, Pearson). Resultados: El promedio de edad fue de 78,1 años, 15,0 por ciento eran mapuches, 55,0 por ciento eran masculinos, 11,2 por ciento "no sabe leer ni escribir" , 40,5 por ciento no tiene contacto con sus hijos, en maltrato ha recibido golpes o empujones (15,1 por ciento más de diez veces).18,7 por ciento piensa casi a diario que está insatisfecho con su vida actual, 59,4 por ciento no recibe atención de salud por la institución. Conclusiones: se constató una situación de aislamiento, soledad personal y déficit de cuidados entregado por las instituciones, reto para Enfermería, donde debería tener participación de privilegio en la toma de decisiones en políticas de cuidado para la población en estudio.

The aging process produces important lifestyle changes in the population with a significant impact on the volume and distribution of the social burden of disease. The United Nations (UNO) suggests that it is a sequential, cumulative and irreversible phenomenon beginning at age 60 where the human being experiences physical, emotional and social changes which progressively damage the body until it is incapable of dealing with environmental circumstances and conditions. Objective: To learn about the socio-family profiles of institutionalized older adults in Temuco, Padre Las Casas, and New Imperial during the year 2009. Specific objectives: To identify individual characteristics - family, social status, social relationships, satisfaction with life, general health status, negative memories, level of family and social dependency, institutional attention and type of relationship with the consumption of alcoholic beverages in institutions in the towns of Temuco, Padre Las Casas and New Imperial. Methodology: A cross-sectional correlation study was carried out with a sample of 80 institutionalized older adults. Data collection was carried out with the Quality of Life Questionnaire validated for older adults, as elaborated by Inga and Vara and adapted to the study objectives. Descriptive analyses were carried out (with frequency distribution, means, averages, standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics (with Pearson’s chi-squared Test). Results: The average age was 78.1 years old, 15.0 percent were Mapuche, 55.0 percent were male, 11.2 percent were unable to read or write, 32.5 percent were single. 18.7 percent received no pension; 40.5 percent had no contact with their children and were abused having been hit or pushed (15.1 percent more than ten times). 52.5 percent never engaged in physical activity or played or worked with friends (gardening, errands, strolls, games of chance, etc.). In relationship to life satisfaction (18.7 percent thought almost...

[Frequency of prescription and transcription errors for intravenous medications in four pediatric services]. / Errores en prescripción y transcripción de medicamentos endovenosos en Servicios Pediátricos, Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena. Temuco, 2008-2009.

BACKGROUND: Errors in the prescription and transcription of medications in pediatric services is a source of adverse events that can be prevented. AIM: To determine and compare the frequency of prescription and transcription errors for intravenous drugs in four pediatric services in a regional general hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross sectional analysis of a probabilistic sample of 500 prescriptions of intravenous medications. Information was gathered using an instrument from the American Academy of Pediatrics. RESULTS: The detected prescription errors were illegible indications in 20%, lack of dosing indication in 11%, omission of the administration route in 24% and omission of the frequency of administration in 15%. Transcription errors were illegible transcription in 3%, not transcribing all indicated medications in 4% and transcription of medications that were not prescribed in 3%. Twenty one percent of prescriptions and 6% of transcriptions had at least one incorrect action. In the different services studied there was a significant association between the percentage of incorrect prescriptions and transcriptions and between illegible prescriptions and transcriptions. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of errors in prescription of intravenous medications and their transcriptions, was detected in these services. A better quality of care control is required.

Evaluación por competencias de la dimensión ética en la formación de psicólogos en Colombia / Evaluation by competences of the ethical dimension in the formation of psychologists in Colombia

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación interinstitucional Universidad de La Sabana - Universidad Santo Tomás. Se construyó un instrumento para evaluar el nivel de desarrollo de cinco competencias éticas; y, a partir de una muestra, no aleatoria, de 100 estudiantes de cinco facultades de psicología de Bogotá, se compararon estudiantes de primer año y de último año. Se encontró en el instrumento diseñado un 95% de confiabilidad, y un 69.51% de validez factorial. Igualmente, se concluyó que el 80% de los estudiantes evaluados se encuentra en un nivel de desarrollo entre deficiente y aceptable de las competencias, y el 20% se encuentra en un nivel de desarrollo satisfactorio de dichas competencias; en este rango se inscriben los estudiantes de último año.

This article presents the results of an interinstitutional investigation La Sabana University - Santo Tomás University . An instrument was constructed to evaluate the level of development of five ethical competences, and, from a sample, nonrandom, of 100 students of five faculties of psychology of Bogotá, students of first year and last year were compared. The reliability found was 95% and a 69.51% of factorial validity. Also, that 80% of the evaluated students, are in a level of development between deficient and acceptable of the competitions, and 20% is in a level of satisfactory development of these competitions, within this percentage the students of last year are.

[Intercultural health care policy from the perspective of health care providers and Mapuche clients]. / Política de Salud Intercultural: perspectiva de usuarios mapuches y equipos de salud en la IX región, Chile.

BACKGROUND: Intercultural health is becoming an emergent topic in the design of health care programs for Mapuche people of Chile. This process faces important challenges such as the scarce theoretical support about the meaning of intercultural health and their practical consequences for providers and clients. AIM: To explore the perception in providers and Mapuche clients about intercultural health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A survey performed in 11 counties with the highest concentration of Mapuche people, of the IX region of Chile. The perception about the development of a new health policy specially designed for Mapuche patients was surveyed in 399 Mapuche patients and 64 providers of primary health care centers. RESULTS: Mapuche clients considered, as the main regional challenges, the indifference and discrimination of health care teams towards Mapuche patients, aggravated by the indifference of authorities. Providers considered that the main problem was a lack of knowledge about Mapuche culture and skills to deal with this ethnic group. Patients and providers agreed on the need to use Mapuche dialect in health care attentions, to coordinate actions with traditional healers and to accept ethnical therapeutic practices. CONCLUSIONS: There is scarce agreement between providers and Mapuche clients about the need for an special intercultural health policy, its contents, and the regional conditions for its implementation and development.

[Prevalence of smoking among nurses in the Ninth region of Chile]. / Prevalencia de tabaquismo en enfermeras de la IX región, Chile.

BACKGROUND: Smoking is noxious for health and is considered a public health priority. The prevalence of smoking is increasing, specially in women. Among nurses, its prevalence is 42.7%. AIM: To study the prevalence of smoking among Chilean nurses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross sectional analysis of the prevalence of smoking among 290 female nurses living in 9th Region of Chile. A nicotine addiction scale was applied to smokers. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking was 37.9% and the percentage of former smokers was 18.3%. Twenty percent of the sample was an occasional smoker. The starting age for the habit was between 17 and 20 years (49.4%). Twenty seven percent of nurses without children and 42% of those with children smoked. Having a couple or not, did not influence the smoking habit. Ninety percent of smokers had a very low addiction to nicotine. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoking obtained in a sample of nurses is similar to that obtained by former studies in other population samples in Chile.

Nursing leadership in Chile: a concept in transition.

The purposes of this two-year research study were to uncover Chilean nurses' perspectives of the elements that comprise leadership, and to identify challenges faced by nurse leaders in modern health administration. The research question is, What are the structural components that define and characterize nursing leadership in Chile? Nine nurses from different professional backgrounds volunteered to take part in audiorecorded successive interviews. The research methodology was a kind of grounded theory. Findings suggest that leadership is characterized mainly by exerting a positive influence on others based on good communication, knowledge of management, and a futurist vision of the nursing profession. Crisis and transition in nursing leadership were associated with external and internal forces, such as reforms in healthcare organizations and changes in the nursing conceptual framework.