ABSTRACT
Oncogenic RAS proteins are important for driving tumour formation, and for maintenance of the transformed phenotype, and thus their relevance as a cancer therapeutic target is undeniable. We focused here on obtaining peptidomimetics, which have good pharmacological properties, to block Ras-effector interaction. Computational analysis was used to identify hot spots of RAS relevant for these interactions and to screen a library of peptidomimetics. Nine compounds were synthesized and assayed for their activity as RAS inhibitors in cultured cells. Most of them induced a reduction in ERK and AKT activation by EGF, a marker of RAS activity. The most potent inhibitor disrupted Raf and PI3K interaction with oncogenic KRAS, corroborating its mechanism of action as an inhibitor of protein-protein interactions, and thus validating our computational methodology. Most interestingly, improvement of one of the compounds allowed us to obtain a peptidomimetic that decreased the survival of pancreatic cancer cell lines harbouring oncogenic KRAS.
Subject(s)
Pancreatic Neoplasms , Peptidomimetics , Cell Line, Tumor , Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism , Humans , Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Peptidomimetics/pharmacology , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics , Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism , Signal Transduction/geneticsABSTRACT
Transthyretin (TTR) has a well-established role in neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We have setup a drug discovery program of small-molecule compounds that act as chaperones enhancing TTR/Amyloid-beta peptide (Aß) interactions. A combination of computational drug repurposing approaches and in vitro biological assays have resulted in a set of molecules which were then screened with our in-house validated high-throughput screening ternary test. A prioritized list of chaperones was obtained and corroborated with ITC studies. Small-molecule chaperones have been discovered, among them our lead compound Iododiflunisal (IDIF), a molecule in the discovery phase; one investigational drug (luteolin); and 3 marketed drugs (sulindac, olsalazine and flufenamic), which could be directly repurposed or repositioned for clinical use. Not all TTR tetramer stabilizers behave as chaperones in vitro. These chemically diverse chaperones will be used for validating TTR as a target in vivo, and to select one repurposed drug as a candidate to enter clinical trials as AD disease-modifying drug.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy , Drug Discovery , Molecular Chaperones/pharmacology , Prealbumin/antagonists & inhibitors , Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology , Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Calorimetry , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans , Models, Molecular , Molecular Chaperones/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Prealbumin/metabolism , Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry , Software , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Several strategies against Alzheimer disease (AD) are directed to target Aß-peptides. The ability of transthyretin (TTR) to bind Aß-peptides and the positive effect exerted by some TTR stabilizers for modulating the TTR-Aß interaction have been previously studied. Herein, key structural features of the interaction between TTR and the Aß(12-28) peptide (3), the essential recognition element of Aß, have been unravelled by STD-NMR spectroscopy methods in solution. Molecular aspects related to the role of the TTR stabilizer iododiflunisal (IDIF, 5) on the TTR-Aß complex have been also examined. The NMR results, assisted by molecular modeling protocols, have provided a structural model for the TTR-Aß interaction, as well as for the ternary complex formed in the presence of IDIF. This basic structural information could be relevant for providing light on the mechanisms involved in the ameliorating effects of AD symptoms observed in AD/TTR± animal models after IDIF treatment and eventually for designing new molecules toward AD therapeutic drugs.
