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Rev Neurol ; 66(8): 261-267, 2018 Apr 16.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29645069

ABSTRACT

AIM: To describe the clinical presentation, risk factors and complementary tests in patients of our paediatric emergency service with a final diagnosis of ischemic stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, analytical and observational study, performed in a Paediatric Emergency Service of a tertiary-level hospital. We included patients aged 1 month to 14 years during a 12-years period with a final diagnosis of ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD). We analyzed personal history, symptomatology and initial complementary tests. RESULTS: Twelve patients were included, 66% males, with a median age of 77 months. 42% had remarkable history. The most frequent clinical manifestation was motor disorder (75%). 42% were diagnosed in the first 24 hours, noticing an earlier diagnosis after the introduction of a multidisciplinary protocol about CVD. CT was performed in all patients, except in two cases in whom MRI was performed. 50% of the CTs were initially normal. In the etiological study developed lately, only 42% of the patients had risk factors. 91% had some kind of sequel. CONCLUSIONS: CVD is uncommon in pediatrics, but with a high morbimortality, so it is important to make an early diagnosis. Clinical and personal history are fundamental, nevertheless, we mainly deal with a previously healthy child without known risk factors at the time of the first evaluation. In case of clinical suspicion of stroke, a normal initial CT does not rule out a CVD, so other additional tests, such as MRI, are necessary.


TITLE: Enfermedad cerebrovascular de tipo isquemico posnatal en urgencias pediatricas: estudio descriptivo.Objetivo. Describir la presentacion clinica, los factores de riesgo y las pruebas complementarias realizadas en pacientes atendidos en urgencias con diagnostico de ictus isquemico. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio retrospectivo, analitico observacional, realizado en urgencias pediatricas de un hospital de tercer nivel. Se incluyeron pacientes entre 1 mes y 14 años durante 12 años, con diagnostico de enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) de tipo isquemico. Se analizaron los antecedentes personales, la sintomatologia y las pruebas complementarias iniciales. Resultados. Se recogieron 12 pacientes (66% varones), con una mediana de edad de 77 meses. El 42% presento algun antecedente reseñable. La manifestacion clinica mas frecuente fue la alteracion motora (75%). El 42% fueron diagnosticados en las primeras 24 horas, y se objetivo un diagnostico mas temprano tras la introduccion de un programa multidisciplinar sobre manejo de la ECV. En todos se realizo inicialmente una tomografia axial computarizada (TAC) craneal, salvo en dos casos en los que se hizo una resonancia magnetica. La mitad de las TAC fueron normales al inicio. En el estudio etiologico posterior se encontraron factores de riesgo solo en cinco pacientes (42%). El 91% presento algun tipo de secuela. Conclusiones. La ECV es poco frecuente en pediatria, con elevada morbimortalidad, y es importante realizar un adecuado diagnostico precoz. Son fundamentales la historia clinica y los antecedentes personales, aunque en la valoracion inicial es frecuente encontrarse ante niños sanos sin factores de riesgo conocidos en ese momento. Ante la sospecha clinica de ictus, una TAC craneal inicial normal no descarta una ECV y son necesarias otras pruebas, como la resonancia magnetica.


Subject(s)
Brain Ischemia/epidemiology , Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Brain Damage, Chronic/etiology , Brain Ischemia/complications , Brain Ischemia/diagnostic imaging , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Headache/etiology , Humans , Infant , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Movement Disorders/etiology , Neuroimaging , Pediatrics , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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