Efectos de la espasticidad en la recuperación motora posterior a un ACV / Effects of spasticity on motor recovery after a stroke

Resumen Antecedentes: el proceso rehabilitador orientado a la recuperación motora posterior a un Ataque Cerebro Vascular (ACV), es un proceso complejo asociado con la aparición de signos positivos y negativos posterior a un daño de moto neurona superior (MNS). Objetivo: describir cuales son las efectos de la espasticidad en el proceso rehabilitador posterior a un ACV. Material y método: se realizó una revisión narrativa, a través de un plan de búsqueda por parte de tres revisores, explorando la base de datos PubMed, donde se utilizaron los términos MesH: Spasticity AND Motor Recovery AND Stroke, los límites de búsqueda fueron revisiones y ensayos clínicos en humanos y animales, publicados en los últimos 10 años con textos completos en inglés y español. Resultado: 71 artículos que cumplían con los criterios de búsqueda, fueron identificados, se seleccionaron 21 (16 ensayos clínicos y 5 revisiones), los que fueron analizados a través de las guías Caspe y se utilizaron para la confección de esta revisión. Conclusión: si bien existe amplia evidencia científica, esta no es concluyente, planteando que la espasticidad es fuente de compromiso funcional y discapacidad, pero no siempre es perjudicial, ya sus efectos pueden ser beneficiosos y en ocasiones no necesita tratamiento.

Background and Aim: The rehabilitation process oriented to motor recovery after a stroke is a complex process associated with the appearance of positive and negative signs after motor neuron damage. The aim was to describe the effects of spasticity in the rehabilitation process after a stroke. Methods: Three reviewers, exploring the PubMed database, carried out, a narrative review through a search plan, the terms MesH: Spasticity AND Motor Recovery AND Stroke were used; the search limits were reviews and clinical trials in humans and animals, published in the last 10 years with full texts in English and Spanish. Results: Seventy-one articles that met the search criteria were identified, 21 were selected (16 clinical trials and 5 reviews), which were analyzed through the CASPE guide and used for the preparation of this review. Conclusion: Although there is broad scientific evidence, this is not conclusive, stating that spasticity is a source of functional commitment and disability, but it is not always harmful, and its effects can be beneficial and sometimes do not need treatment.

[Validation of "Action Research Arm Test" (ARAT) in Chilean patients with a paretic upper limb after a stroke]. / Validación de "Action Research Arm Test" (ARAT) en pacientes con extremidad superior parética post ataque cerebro vascular en Chile.

BACKGROUND: Stroke is one of the main causes of disability and death in the world. Sixty three percent of stroke survivors require rehabilitation which is a complex functional recovery multidisciplinary task. AIM: To determine the psychometric properties of the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), that is used to assess the functional recovery of a paretic upper limb. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty stroke survivors were assessed at their homes as a baseline and two months later applying ARAT and Motor Activity Log (MAL-30) assessments. In the latter evaluation quality of life was assessed with SIS 3.0 score and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) was applied. Participants received no intervention in the lapse between the two assessments. RESULTS: Cronbach a values for ARAT were 0.88 and 0.89 at baseline and two months assessments, respectively. Temporary stability had an r value of 0. 93 (p < 0.01). The convergent validity with quality of movement of MAL-30 was r = 0.58 and r = 0.51. The figures with quantity of movement were r = 0.55 and r = 0.57. The convergent validity with SIS 3.0 was r = 0.53 for the hand, r = 0.57 for participation and r = 0.48 for recovery. ARATscores correlated inversely and significantly with age and pain. There was no discriminant validity between ARAT and emotion, memory, communication and mobility of SIS 3.0, GHQ-30 and the socio-economic level. CONCLUSIONS: ARAT is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the functional recovery of paretic upper limbs after a stroke.

Validación de "Action Research Arm Test" (ARAT) en pacientes con extremidad superior parética post ataque cerebro vascular en Chile / Validation of "Action Research Arm Test" (ARAT) in Chilean patients with a paretic upper limb after a stroke

Background: Stroke is one of the main causes of disability and death in the world. Sixty three percent of stroke survivors require rehabilitation which is a complex functional recovery multidisciplinary task. Aim: To determine the psychometric properties of the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), that is used to assess the functional recovery of a paretic upper limb. Patients and Methods: Eighty stroke survivors were assessed at their homes as a baseline and two months later applying ARAT and Motor Activity Log (MAL-30) assessments. In the latter evaluation quality of life was assessed with SIS 3.0 score and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) was applied. Participants received no intervention in the lapse between the two assessments. Results: Cronbach a values for ARAT were 0.88 and 0.89 at baseline and two months assessments, respectively. Temporary stability had an r value of 0. 93 (p < 0.01). The convergent validity with quality of movement of MAL-30 was r = 0.58 and r = 0.51. The figures with quantity of movement were r = 0.55 and r = 0.57. The convergent validity with SIS 3.0 was r = 0.53 for the hand, r = 0.57 for participation and r = 0.48 for recovery. ARATscores correlated inversely and significantly with age and pain. There was no discriminant validity between ARAT and emotion, memory, communication and mobility of SIS 3.0, GHQ-30 and the socio-economic level. Conclusions: ARAT is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the functional recovery of paretic upper limbs after a stroke.