Evidence of acute Mycoplasma infection in a patient with incomplete and atypical kawasaki disease: a case report.

The etiology of Kawasaki disease remains unknown despite extensive studies. Some researchers suggest that it is caused by an infectious agent. This is a case report where a patient with incomplete Kawasaki disease was found to have evidence compatible with acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. This is one of the several case reports linking Mycoplasma pneumoniae to Kawasaki disease as a possible trigger. This is perhaps due to a superantigen or is mediated by some other mechanism. Accurate and timely testing for Mycoplasma infections is difficult and has its limitations. Despite this, Mycoplasma pneumoniae should be considered in the differential and workup for Kawasaki disease.

Morbidity associated with long-term methotrexate therapy in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

To evaluate the adverse effects associated with long-term methotrexate (MTX) therapy in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, we conducted a retrospective review of 62 patients with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, treated from 84 to 296 weeks with MTX weekly. Pulmonary function testing was performed before MTX therapy on 46 patients older than 6 years of age; 26 patients had serial pulmonary function testing, and no abnormalities were detected. In all 62 patients, liver function (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity) was monitored every 3 months. Transient liver function abnormalities developed in nine patients during treatment. Twelve patients underwent percutaneous liver biopsies after receiving 815 to 2980 mg of MTX; none had fibrosis or cirrhosis. Macrocytic anemia developed in one child receiving simultaneous long-term trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy and resolved after the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was discontinued. No stomatitis or rashes were observed. Six patients were able to discontinue MTX therapy when their disease remitted; 56 continue MTX therapy. No child permanently discontinued MTX therapy because of an adverse effect. These data suggest that MTX may be better tolerated in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis than in adults with rheumatoid arthritis.