Rabdomiólisis asociada con hipocalemia en el embarazo y aspectos perinatales. Reporte de un caso clínico / Rhabdomyolysis associated with hypokalemia in pregnancy and perinatal aspects. A case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La rabdomiólisis es un síndrome causado por una lesión en las fibras musculares que produce la liberación de componentes intracelulares (mioglobina, creatinfosfocinasa, aldolasa y lactato deshidrogenasa; electrolitos) hacia el espacio extracelular y la circulación sanguínea, lo que resulta en complicaciones graves (alteraciones cardiovasculares, edema cerebral y muerte). Existen pocos casos reportados de rabdomiólisis durante el embarazo, los informes descritos en la bibliografía se enfocan en infecciones y alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 28 años, primigesta, que inició con alteraciones musculares luego de un cuadro infeccioso, en la semana 18 del embarazo, por lo que se le practicaron estudios para encontrar la causa del desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico (determinación de hipocalemia), con elevación súbita de creatinfosfocinasa. El urocultivo resultó positivo a Escherichia coli. El tratamiento consistió en reposición hidroelectrolítica, con administración de potasio ajustado a los requerimientos de la paciente, antibiótico y aporte nutricional, con alta hospitalaria a los dos días. Continuó en control prenatal y en la semana 32.2 tuvo preeclampsia, por lo que se decidió efectuar cesárea, de la que se obtuvo un recién nacido masculino, de 2395 g, Apgar 9/9, con evolución satisfactoria de la madre y su hijo. CONCLUSIONES: El embarazo es un estado fisiológico que implica mayor susceptibilidad de infecciones o complicaciones asociadas con desequilibrio hidroelectrolítico. Es importante considerar la rabdomiólisis durante el embarazo; el diagnóstico se establece mediante examen clínico y estudios de laboratorio.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome, caused by injury to the muscle fiber, which produces the release of intracellular components such as myoglobin, creatine kinase, aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase, electrolytes, into the extracellular space and blood circulation, which can cause serious complications. such as cardiovascular disorders, cerebral edema and death. There are few reported cases of rhabdomyolysis in pregnancy, the reports described in the literature have been associated with infections and hydroelectrolytic changes. The clinical case is presented due to the importance of the repercussion to the maternal-fetal binomial, since it can result in a serious outcome. CLINICAL CASE: The case of a primiparous pregnant patient is presented, who debuted with clinical symptoms accompanied by muscular alterations after an infection, in week 18 of gestation, for which a study protocol was requested with the finding of hydroelectrolyte imbalance, of the hypokalemia type, with sudden elevation of creatine phosphokinase. A positive urine culture for Escherichia coli was found. Management with hydroelectrolyte replacement was indicated, with potassium replacement adjusted to requirements, antibiotic, and nutritional contribution, with hospital discharge after 2 days. Prenatal control was continued and at week 32.2 she presented preeclampsia, which is why a cesarean section was decided, a male weighing 2395 g, Apgar 9/9, with satisfactory evolution of the binomial was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy is more susceptible to infections or complications associated with hydroelectrolyte imbalances, rhabdomyolysis can occur in pregnancy, and it is important not to rule it out, its diagnosis can be made clinically and through laboratory tests.

Robotic surgery in gynecology: review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Robotic surgery carries with it the potential to transform laparoscopic surgery by providing, for the 1st time, instruments with distal ends that mimic the intricate movements of the human hand while at the same time providing the surgeon with a high-definition, three-dimensional view of the operative field. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical application of robotic surgery in benign gynecological conditions, as well as the components of the Da Vinci Si robotic system, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of this type of surgical approach that it provides to the patient and in turn to the surgeon. METHOD: Review of the literature in PubMed and UpToDate where the keywords of our review were searched. Inclusion criteria: Articles of cases or series containing the sections of the application of robotic surgery in gynecology and clinical results. RESULTS: We found 50 scientific articles that included in their titles the key words of our review. 22 articles were discarded, 14 because they were inaccessible, 3 because they were published in bulletins without an impact factor and 5 because no information was obtained about the researcher's results, their volume, visibility and structure. A total of 28 articles were chosen for this review. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic surgery has evolved to be a separate field, with enormous potential for future development. The results show until now that this technology is applicable and capable of offering an adequate treatment to selected patients.

ANTECEDENTES: La cirugía robótica conlleva el potencial de transformar la cirugía laparoscópica al proporcionar, por primera vez, instrumentos con extremos distales que imitan los intrincados movimientos de la mano humana, mientras que al mismo tiempo proporciona al cirujano una alta definición con visión tridimensional del campo operatorio. OBJETIVO: Describir la aplicación clínica de la cirugía robótica en padecimientos ginecológicos benignos, así como los componentes del sistema robótico Da Vinci Si, analizando las ventajas y desventajas que este tipo de abordaje quirúrgico brinda a la paciente y a su vez al cirujano. MÉTODO: Revisión de la bibliografía en PubMed y UpToDate buscando las palabras clave de nuestra revisión. Criterios de inclusión: artículos de casos o series que contuvieran los apartados de la aplicación de la cirugía robótica en ginecología y resultados clínicos. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron 50 artículos científicos que incluían en sus títulos las palabras clave de nuestra revisión. Se descartaron 22 artículos, 14 por ser inaccesibles, tres debido a que estaban publicados en boletines sin factor de impacto y cinco porque no se obtuvo información sobre los resultados del investigador, su volumen, visibilidad y estructura. Se escogieron para esta revisión 28 artículos. CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía robótica ha evolucionado hasta ser un campo aparte, con un enorme potencial para su futuro desarrollo. Los resultados muestran que esta tecnología es aplicable y capaz de ofrecer un adecuado tratamiento a pacientes seleccionadas.

[Some demographic aspects associated with ectopic pregnancy]. / Algunos aspectos demográficos asociados con el embarazo ectópico.

BACKGROUND: The determination techniques of chorionic gonadotropin and transvaginal high resolution ultrasound have revolutionized the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: Assess demographic aspects associated with ectopic pregnancy in Hospital Angeles del Pedregal over a 6 years period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive and retrospective study. We reviewed 143 clinical records from March 1, 2006 to January 31, 2013, with diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy discharge. The analyzed variables were: age, history of ectopic pregnancy, method of family planning, pelvic inflammatory disease, smoking, weeks of gestation, clinical picture, localization of ectopic pregnancy, treatment and complications. RESULTS: Were analyzed 143 cases, diagnosed and corroborated with histopathological study, of ectopic pregnancy in Hospital Angeles del Pedregal during the period from 2006 to 2012. The average age at which pregnancies occurred was 32.4 +/- 5.4 years; 89% of patients were over 25 years old. 35% were primigravidous and 51 women had previous caesarean, 31 abortion and 22 childbirth. 10% had history of ectopic pregnancy and 39% had 5 weeks gestation; 72% not used contraceptives, 30% were smokers, and only 2% had suffered pelvic inflammatory disease. CONCLUSION: Despite the technological advances the correct evaluation of risk factors is essential for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

[Fetal ovarian cyst. A report of a case]. / Quiste de ovario fetal. Presentación de un caso.

Fetal ovarian cyst is uncommon; it represents the second place of fetal abdominal tumors, after urinary tract tumors. The cause of fetal ovarian cysts still remains unclear, although it is likely to be promoted by hormones. Its prognosis is usually good. Differential diagnosis should rule out urinary tract malformations. A case of a female newborn with giant fetal ovarian cyst, diagnosed on week 37 of the pregnancy period, treated with exploratory laparotomy and cyst exeresis, with serum cystadenoma histopathology diagnosis is presented.

[Systemic lupus erythematous and pregnancy]. / Lupus eritematoso sistémico y embarazo.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the obstetrics outcomes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, analytic, and descriptive case of study is presented about of the obstetrics outcomes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and pregnancy attended in Hospital General de Mexico Obstetrics and Gynecology Service from June, 2000 to February, 2003. RESULTS: Thirty-six records were reviewed. The mean age was 28 years. The most frequent maternal complications were the hypertensive disorders in association with pregnancy (27.5%). One patient had antiphospholipid syndrome, showed HELLP syndrome I and brain hemorrhage, she died in puerperium period. The main resolution of pregnancy was normal delivery. The median gestational age at delivery was 36 weeks (range of 24-40 weeks), and the mean birth weight was 2,389 g, median Apgar scores were 7 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes of life respectively. There were 19 cases of low weight at birth and 7 preterm deliveries. There were no cases of neonatal lupus. CONCLUSION: The maternal-fetal morbid-mortality rates decrease when no lupic disease activity is reported. During the pregnancy stage, preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation grow in number as observed in all the study subjects. All pregnancies should still be considered high risk and be managed with a multidisciplinary team. Co-existing antiphospholipid syndrome is the poorer prognosis for pregnancy outcome.