Psychometric characteristics and factorial structures of the Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire-Spanish Version (DPQ-SV).

The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire. A sample of undergraduate students (N = 539) was measured on defensive pessimism using the Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire (DPQ), optimism and pessimism using the Life Orientation Test (LOT), positive and negative affect using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and anxiety using the trait subscale of the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory. A Spanish version of the DPQ (DPQ-SV) is presented. Exploratory and Robust Confirmatory Factor Analysis had a bi-dimensional structure (Reflectivity and Negative Expectation). Omega coefficient showed a high internal consistency and the temporal stability was high in each dimension. Both DPQ-SV subscales (Negative Expectation and Reflectivity) showed adequate convergence with LOT-optimism and LOT-pessimism. Reflectivity showed adequate criterion validity with trait-anxiety and negative affect, but inadequate criterion validity with positive affect. Negative Expectation showed excellent criterion validity with trait-anxiety and negative affect and good criterion validity with positive affect. Finally, mediation analysis showed that Negative Expectation had a significant indirect mediating effect between trait-anxiety and negative affect. Reflectivity had a significant indirect mediating effect between trait-anxiety and negative and positive affect. Analysis of the psychometric properties of the DPQ-SV subscale scores showed that it is a two factor adequate measurement tool for its use in this type of samples.

On the contribution of psychological flexibility to predict adjustment to breast cáncer / Contribución de la flexibilidad psicológica en la predicción del distrés psicológico en pacientes con cáncer de mama

BACKGROUND: This study explored the contribution of Psychological Flexibility (PF) to predict adjustment to breast cancer. METHOD: Sixty-four females with breast cancer completed self-report measures of PF and adjustment (anxiety, depression, negative and positive affect) at baseline, and forty-two patients returned for assessment six months later. RESULTS: Higher flexibility at baseline significantly contributed to predict lower anxiety, depression and negative affect at follow-up. The effect sizes ranged from moderate to large. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide evidence for targeting PF to prevent enhanced psychological distress in patients with breast cancer, and add to a growing body of research supporting PF as a common protective factor across different contexts and populations

ANTECEDENTES: este estudio explora el grado de contribución de la Flexibilidad Psicológica (FP) en el pronóstico de diversos indicadores de adaptación al cáncer de mama. MÉTODO: 64 mujeres con cáncer de mama completaron medidas de FP, ansiedad, depresión, afecto negativo y positivo en un primer momento (T1), y 42 de ellas repitieron la evaluación seis meses después (T2). RESULTADOS: los resultados indican que la FP en T1 contribuye significativamente en la predicción de ansiedad, depresión y afecto negativo en T2, con tamaños del efecto que oscilan entre moderado y grande. Elevados niveles de FP se asocian significativamente con niveles más bajos de distrés psicológico. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados apoyan que la FP es un factor protector de niveles excesivos de distrés en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Estos resultados se suman al creciente cuerpo de evidencias que sugiere que la FP es un factor general de protección de la salud mental, transversal a diferentes contextos y poblaciones

On the contribution of psychological flexibility to predict adjustment to breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study explored the contribution of Psychological Flexibility (PF) to predict adjustment to breast cancer. METHOD: Sixty-four females with breast cancer completed self-report measures of PF and adjustment (anxiety, depression, negative and positive affect) at baseline, and forty-two patients returned for assessment six months later. RESULTS: Higher flexibility at baseline significantly contributed to predict lower anxiety, depression and negative affect at follow-up. The effect sizes ranged from moderate to large. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide evidence for targeting PF to prevent enhanced psychological distress in patients with breast cancer, and add to a growing body of research supporting PF as a common protective factor across different contexts and populations.

Cuestionario de diagnóstico del trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (CUDIATOC): descripción y propiedades psicométricas / Questionnaire for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Diagnosis (Q-OCDD): description and psychometric properties

Se describe el “Cuestionario de diagnóstico del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo” (CUDIATOC) que operativiza los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-IV. Se describen las reglas de decisión que permiten asignar una persona a una categoría (tOC, Sintomático, Asintomático) y se presentan dos estudios de algunas de sus propiedades psicométricas en grupos no clínico y clínico, respectivamente. El estudio 1, en un grupo no clínico formado por 48 hombres y 190 mujeres, muestra la: (a) concordancia (k= 1) entre dos evaluadores, (b) validez convergente/ discriminante entre CUDIATOC y las escalas de Y-BOCS y MOCI. Con Y-BOCS hay homogeneidad en las puntuaciones entre los grupos Asintomático y Sintomático, existiendo diferencias significativas a partir del grupo TOC. Con MOCI hay diferencias entre el grupo Asintomático y los otros dos en todas las escalas excepto Lentitud. El estudio 2, en un grupo clínico formado por 11 hombres y 6 mujeres, muestra la: (a) fiabilidad (k= 0,87), (b) validez convergente/discriminante entre CUDIATOC e Y-BOCS, habiendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las medias de obsesiones, compulsiones y total entre personas con y sin TOC, (c) validez de criterio de CUDIATOC con una entrevista clínica, siendo sensibilidad 78,6%, especificidad 100,0% y eficiencia diagnóstica 82,35% (AU)

This paper describes the Questionnaire for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Diagnosis (Q-OCDD)’ based on diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV. Decision criteria to classify a subject into one of three categories (OCD, Symptomatic, Asymptomatic) are described and two studies of some of its psychometric properties are shown in the non clinical and clinical group. Study 1 (non clinical group: 48 males and 190 females) determines: (a) agreement (k= 1) between two OCD inter-scorers, (b) convergent validity between Q-OCDD and Y-BOCS and MOCI. Convergent/divergent validity of Q-OCDD with Y-BOCS shows homogeneity in the Y-BOCS scores in the Asymptomatic and Symptomatic groups, there being a higher number of significant differences from the OCD group. Convergent validity of Q-OCDD with MOCI shows differences between the Asymptomatic and any one of the other two groups in all scales except in Slowness. Study 2 (clinical group: 11 males and 6 females) shows: (a) inter-scorer reliability (k= 0.87), (b) convergent/divergent validity between Q-OCDD (with or without OCD) and Y-BOCS. There are statistically significant differences in the means of obsessions, compulsions and total between subjects with or without OCD, (c) the following values: sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 100.0%, and diagnostic efficiency 82.35% (From diagnoses established by clinical interview and Q-OCDD)