Multifocal giant cell tumor of the carpus: Unusual presentation. Case report and review of the literature.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone in the carpus are rare. Carpal GCTs are usually solitary lesions; multifocal involvement is exceptional. These lesions have a higher risk of local recurrence after intralesional curettage than those in other body areas. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 28-year-old male with a six-month history of a palpable mass in the dorsal aspect of the left wrist. Physical examination revealed a 2 cm, mildly tender mass. Magnetic resonance revealed a large intermediate signal lesion involving completely hamate bone and the distal portion of the triquetrum. Histological examination confirmed a giant cell tumor of the carpus. The patient underwent en-bloc resection of the hamate bone extending to the distal part of the pyramidal. The defect was reconstructed using polymethylmethacrylate cement (PMMA), and intercarpal arthrodesis with the capitate was achieved. Follow-up at 18 months revealed a good clinical evolution, wrist range of motion of 30° of extension, 30° of flexion, and 10° of ulnar and radial deviation without evidence of tumoral recurrence. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The current literature suggests a high incidence of local recurrence in carpal GCT, so wide excision with carpal arthrodesis is recommended, especially in Campanacci III and multifocal involvement. CONCLUSION: Carpal GCT is exceptional, mainly affecting the hamate, capitate, and scaphoid. Most literature supports wide excision of carpal GCT owing to the high recurrence rate with intralesional procedures.

Tuberculosis vertebral posterior a infección por SARS-CoV-2 en un niño: reporte de caso / Spinal tuberculosis in a child following infection with SARS-CoV-2: a case report

Introducción. La tuberculosis osteoarticular en niños es una condición infrecuente que representa un pequeño porcentaje de las infecciones extrapulmonares por Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Presentación del caso. Niño de 30 meses con antecedente de que COVID-19 que fue llevado al servicio de urgencias por dolor en la marcha, imposibilidad para la bipedestación y dolor severo en posición decúbito. El paciente tenía niveles de reactantes de fase aguda elevados y mediante tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética nuclear se evidenció destrucción de L3 con pérdida de la médula ósea, colapso vertebral y colección de fluido, así como compromiso de L4. Posteriormente, en una biopsia abierta se encontró colección de fluido con secreción, con resultado negativo en cultivos de bacterias y resultado positivo en prueba molecular de detección de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Una semana después del ingreso, se inició manejo farmacológico antituberculoso y se inmovilizó con ortesis toracolumbosacra. En un nuevo ingreso al servicio de urgencias, se realizó drenaje quirúrgico por dehiscencia de la herida, secreción y febrícula. Sin embargo, en un control posterior se encontró espondilodiscitis en L3 y L4, y abscesos epidurales. Finalmente, una vez terminado el manejo con ortesis, en un último control se observó que el paciente presentaba cifosis toracolumbar residual, pero no tenía signos de compromisos radicular o medular, ni de déficit osteoarticular.Conclusión. La tuberculosis vertebral es una condición infrecuente en población pediátrica, por lo que es importante tener una sospecha clínica en todos los niños con síntomas típicos de la enfermedad.

Introduction: Osteoarticular tuberculosis in children is a rare condition that accounts for a small percentage of extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Case presentation: A 30-month-old boy with a history of COVID-19 was taken to the emergency department due to antalgic pain, inability to stand up straight, and severe pain in decubitus position. The patient had elevated acute phase reactants levels, and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed destruction of L3 with bone marrow loss, vertebral collapse, and fluid collection, as well as involvement of L4. An open biopsy showed fluid collection with secretion, negative bacterial cultures, and positive molecular test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One week after admission, antitubercular pharmacological treatment was started and the patient was immobilized with a thoracolumbosacral orthosis. In a new admission to the emergency department, surgical drainage was performed due to wound dehiscence, secretion, and low-grade fever. However, in a subsequent follow-up, spondylodiscitis was found at L3 and L4, as well as epidural abscesses. Finally, once the orthosis management was completed, during a last follow-up, it was observed that the patient had residual thoracolumbar kyphosis, but no signs of radicular or spinal cord involvement, or osteoarticular deficit.Conclusion: Spinal tuberculosis is a rare condition in the pediatric population, so clinical suspicion in all children with typical symptoms of the disease is always important

Red tape, slow emergency, and chronic disease management in post-María Puerto Rico.

This paper draws upon the notion of slow emergency as a framework to interpret ethnographic and qualitative findings on the challenges faced by Puerto Ricans with chronic conditions and health sector representatives throughout the island during and after Hurricane María. We conducted participant observation and qualitative interviews with chronic disease patients (n=20) health care providers and administrators (n=42), and policy makers (n=5) from across the island of Puerto Rico in 2018 and 2019. Many Puerto Ricans coping with chronic diseases during and after María experienced bureaucratic red tape as the manifestation of colonial legacies of disaster management and health care. They describe a precarious existence in perpetual "application pending" status, waiting for services that were not forthcoming. Drawing on ethnographically informed case examples, we discuss the effects of these bureaucratic barriers on persons with three chronic conditions: renal disease, opioid dependency, and HIV/AIDS. We argue that while emergency management approaches often presume a citizen-subject with autonomous capacity to prepare for presumably transient disasters and envision a 'post-disaster future' beyond the immediate crisis, Puerto Rican voices draw attention to the longer, sustained, slow emergency of colonial governance.

Dynamic Fixation Techniques for the Prevention of Adjacent Segment Disease: A Retrospective Controlled Study.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, controlled study. PURPOSE: Dynamic fixation (topping-off technique) adjacent to a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) level was developed to reduce the risk of adjacent segment disease (ASDi). This study was designed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes between patients who underwent circumferential lumbar fusion (CLF) without the topping-off technique, CLF with dynamic rod constructs (DRC), and CLF with interspinous device (ISD). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Lumbar fusion can result in the re-distribution of stress, increased mobility, and increased intradiscal pressure at adjacent levels, ultimately leading to adjacent segment degeneration (ASDe) and ASDi. Dynamic fixation techniques (topping-off techniques) adjacent to vertebral fusion have been developed to reduce the risk of ASDe and ASDi because they provide a transitional zone between a caudal rigid fused segment and cephalad-mobile unfused levels. METHODS: A single-center, retrospective, controlled study was designed, including all patients who underwent CLF due to degenerative lumbar spinal disease in Hospital Clinic of Barcelona between 2012 and 2018. Three groups of patients were evaluated as per the type of topping-off technique used: CLF alone group, DRC group, and ISD group. Clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients were enrolled in the study. Sixty patients (51.3%) underwent CLF without dynamic stabilization, 24 (20.5%) were treated with DRC as topping-off technique, and 33 (28.5%) were treated with an ISD. A total of 12 patients (20.0%) in the CLF alone group showed ASDi at the final follow-up, compared to 1 (4.2%) in the DRC group (p=0.097) and 2 (6.1%) in the ISD group (p=0.127). The Cox regression model identified a significantly decreased risk of ASDi when a topping-off technique (DRC or ISD) was used (hazard ratio, 0.154; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.77). CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic fixation adjacent to CLF was a safe and efficient procedure associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with lumbar spine degenerative disease.

Kinetic, Thermodynamic, Physicochemical, and Economical Characterization of Pectin from Mangifera indica L. cv. Haden Residues.

The effect of temperature (60, 70, 80, and 90 °C) and time (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 min) on citric acid extraction of Haden mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Haden) peel pectin was evaluated in the present study. In order to obtain a better understanding of both the extraction process and the characteristics of the pectin (obtained from an agro-industrial waste) for a future scaling process, the following characterizations were performed: (1) Kinetic, with the maximum extraction times and yields at all evaluated temperatures; (2) thermodynamic, obtaining activation energies, enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs free energies for each stage of the process; (3) physicochemical (chemical analysis, monosaccharide composition, degree of esterification, galacturonic acid content, free acidity, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analyses); and (4) economical, of the pectin with the highest yield. The Haden mango peel pectin was found to be characterized by a high-esterified degree (81.81 ± 0.00%), regular galacturonic acid content (71.57 ± 1.26%), low protein (0.83 ± 0.05%) and high ash (3.53 ± 0.02%) content, low mean viscometric molecular weight (55.91 kDa), and high equivalent weight (3657.55 ± 8.41), which makes it potentially useful for food applications.

Acute massive rotator cuff rupture with posterior shoulder dislocation: arthroscopic novel repair of a rare injury. A case report.

Acute massive rotator cuff tears and posterior shoulder dislocations are an extremely rare association, and a vast majority are treated by open surgery. We present a case of a man in his 20s who suffered closed left shoulder trauma after a road traffic accident. He was initially diagnosed with posterior shoulder dislocation and a reduction was successfully performed. However, the patient still complained of persistent weakness during active movements. We found a massive rotator cuff tear involving all the rotator cuff tendons, with significant supraspinatus retraction and persistent posterior shoulder subluxation. He underwent an all-arthroscopic repair of the rotator cuff with a double-row technique in the subscapularis, supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. Capsular repair and tenodesis of the biceps tendon were also performed. The patient had good recovery, reaching full preinjury function 3 months after surgery with a successful return to his regular activities.

Sarcomas durante el embarazo: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Sarcomas in pregnancy: Report of two cases and literature review / Sarcomas in pregnancy: Report of two cases and literature review

RESUMEN Objetivo. Presentar los resultados perinatales de dos pacientes con diagnóstico de sarcoma de Ewing y rabdomiosarcoma alveolar. Metodología. Se revisaron dos casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de sarcoma atendidas en el Instituto Nacional de Perinatología de la Ciudad de México. Resultados. Caso 1 femenino de 22 años, con embarazo de 23,0 semanas y tumoración en región glútea izquierda de 20 cm, dolor y dificultad para deambular. La radiografía de tórax informó múltiples nódulos pulmonares y la resonancia magnética, tumor en región glútea con compromiso extenso. El diagnóstico fue sarcoma de Ewing metastático en etapa IV. El manejo consistió en tratamiento sintomático con resolución del embarazo a las 28 semanas. Caso 2 femenino de 22 años con embarazo de 12,0 semanas y diagnóstico de síndrome medular metastásico. Se realizó descompresión T9-11. Se evidenció ausencia de frecuencia cardiaca fetal, por lo que se realizó manejo médico de aborto diferido.

ABSTRACT Objective: To present the perinatal results of two patients diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Methodology: Two cases of patients with a diagnosis of sarcoma treated at the National Institute of Perinatology in Mexico City were reviewed. Results: Case 1, a 22-year-old female, with a 23.0-week pregnancy and a 20-cm tumor in the left gluteal region, pain and difficulty walking. The chest radiograph revealed multiple pulmonary nodules and the magnetic resonance imaging revealed a tumor in the gluteal region with extensive involvement. The diagnosis was stage IV metastatic Ewing sarcoma. Management consisted of symptomatic treatment with resolution of the pregnancy at 28 weeks. Case 2, a 22-year-old female with a 12.0-week pregnancy and a diagnosis of metastatic spinal cord syndrome. T9-11 decompression was performed. Absence of fetal heart rate was evidenced, so medical management of deferred abortion was performed.

[Study of the association between the polymorphism of the TNF-α gene and prostate cáncer]. / Estudio de la asociación entre el polimorfismo del gen TNFα y el cáncer de próstata.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the third cause of cancer death in men in the Western hemisphere and the second cause of cancer death in Zulian men from Venezuela. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether polymorphisms 308 and 238 of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene are associated with prostate cancer. METHODS: The DNA that was extracted from the peripheral blood of 40 patients with prostatic specific antigen and 40 controls was amplified by PCR plus digestion with enzymes NcoI and MspI. RESULTS: In the patients, genotypes of the TNF-α-238 polymorphism were observed in 90% GG and 10% GA; in controls, in 97.5% GG and 2.5% GA, odds ratio (OR) = 4,000 for GA. In the patients, genotypes of TNF-α-308 polymorphism were identified in 85% GG and 15% GA, and in controls in 72.5% GG and 27.5% GA, OR = 0.545 for GA and 1.172 for GG. The allelic frequencies for TNF-α-238 in patients were 95% for G and 5% for A; in controls, 98.75% for G and 1.25% for A, with OR = 4,000 for A. The allelic frequencies for TNF-α-308 in the patients were 92.5% for G and 7.5% for A. CONCLUSIONS: There weren't any statistically significant associations. The allele A of the TNF-α-238 polymorphism resulted in a considerable risk factor for prostate cancer.

Antecedentes: El cáncer de próstata es la tercera causa de muerte por cáncer en hombres del hemisferio occidental y la segunda en zulianos de Venezuela. Objetivo: Determinar si los polimorfismos 308 y 238 del gen TNFα están asociados con cáncer de próstata. Métodos: El ADN extraído de sangre periférica de 40 pacientes con antígeno prostático específico y 40 controles fue amplificado por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa más digestión con enzimas NcoI y MspI. Resultados: Respecto al polimorfismo 238 del gen TNFα, en los pacientes se observó 90 % de genotipo GG y 10 % de GA; en los controles, 97.5 % de GG y 2.5 % de GA, razón de momios (RM) = 4.000 para GA. En cuanto al polimorfismo 308, en los pacientes se identificó 85 % de genotipo GG y 15 % de GA; y en los controles, 72.5 % de GG y 27.5 % de GA, RM = 0.545 para GA y 1.172 para GG. Las frecuencias alélicas de TNFα-238 en los pacientes fue de 95 % de G y 5 % de A; en los controles, 98.75 % de G y 1.25 % de A, con RM = 4.000 para A. Las frecuencias alélicas para TNFα-308 en los pacientes fueron 92.5 % de G y 7.5 % de A. Conclusiones: No existieron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas. El alelo A del polimorfismo 238 del gen TNF-α resultó de riesgo para cáncer de próstata.

Production of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms using agricultural residues of Mangifera indica L. and Carica papaya as carbon source.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of oils from agricultural residues, such as Mangifera indica L. (mango) and Carica papaya (papaya) from the Papaloapan region, Mexico, as a carbon source for the production of hydrocarbon-degrading (hydrocarbonoclastic) microorganisms in an airlift bioreactor via a common metabolic pathway for hydrocarbons and fatty acids. Biomass growth and carbon source uptake were measured using optical density and gas chromatography, respectively. Gompertz, logistic, and Von Bertalanffy mathematical models were used to obtain kinetic parameters such as the lag phase, maximum specific growth, and consumption rate. The hydrocarbonoclastic consortium was able to grow using papaya (6.09 ± 0.23 g L-1) and mango (2.59 ± 0.30 g L-1) oils, which contain certain antibacterial fatty acids. Differences observed in maximum specific growth and consumption rates indicate that, although mango oil was consumed faster (0.33 day-1 for mango and 0.25 day-1 for papaya), papaya oil provided a higher rate of biomass production per microorganism (0.24 day-1 for mango and 0.44 day-1 for papaya). Additionally, the consortium was able to consume 13 g L-1 diesel as a sole carbon source and improve its maximum specific consumption rate following growth using the oils. Furthermore, the maximum specific growth rate was decreased, indicating a change in the consortium capabilities. Nevertheless, agricultural waste oils from the Papaloapan region can be used to cultivate hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms. The present study creates the possibility of investigating carbon sources other than hydrocarbons for the production of hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms.

Performance of a New Al2O3/Ce-TZP Ceramic Nanocomposite Dental Implant: A Pilot Study in Dogs.

Although titanium remains as the prevalent material in dental implant manufacturing new zirconia-based materials that overcome the major drawbacks of the standard 3Y-yttria partially-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) are now emerging. In this study, a new ceramic nanocomposite made of alumina and ceria-stabilized TZP (ZCe-A) has been used to produce dental implants with the mechanic and topographic characteristics of a pilot implant design to evaluate bone and soft tissue integration in a dog model (n = 5). Histological cross-section analysis of the implanted ceramic fixations (n = 15) showed not only perfect biocompatibility, but also a high rate of osseous integration (defined as the percentage of bone to implant contact) and soft tissue attachment. This clinical success, in combination with the superior mechanical properties achieved by this Al2O3/Ce-TZP nanocomposite, may place this material as an improved alternative of traditional 3Y-TZP dental implants.

[Autoreactive TCD8+ lymphocytes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in association with HLA and adenovirus infection]. / Linfocitos TCD8+ autorreactivos en pacientes con leucemia mieloide crónica en asociación con HLA e infección con adenovirus.

BACKGROUND: A possible interaction between a specific HLA type and Adenovirus has been postulated as a promoter in leukemia clonal evolution. The HLA-DRB1*14, specifically DRB1*14:21, 14:22, 14:45, 14:26, 14:33, 14:51, 14:35 subtypes was the most frequent in CML Venezuelan patients. OBJECTIVES: It is interesting to evaluate the molecular mimicry between the Adenovirus and the DRB1*14 subtypes which exhibit the same change in the amino acid position of the DR53 epitope. This mimicked segment has been identified as a LLERRRA polypeptide. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Experimental research conducted in the IHO Venezuela, in peripheral blood samples of patients with ALL, CML and healthy controls. Mixed culture, serology, lymphocyte proliferation and cytofluorometry were performed. RESULTS: DRB1*14 patient's lymphocytes reacted in 48 hours mixed culture against DRB1*14 promoters lymphocytes exhibiting increased CD8+T lymphocytes. CML patients show a different serological profile against Adenovirus. Only CML patients reacted to LLERRRA peptide, increasing CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION: It is established that the relationship CML, HLADRB1* 14, autoreactive CD8+ T memory cell and CD8+T specific response from Adenovirus could be at the origin of the CML in Venezuelan patients.

Antecedentes: algunos adenovirus se han señalado como activadores clonales en leucemias. El alelo HLA-DRB1* 14 subtipos DRB1*14:21, 14:22, 14:45, 14:26, 14:33, 14:51, 14:35 se asociaron con leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC) en pacientes venezolanos. Objetivo: evaluar el mimetismo molecular entre el adenovirus y la estructura del antígeno HLA-DRB1*14 que exhiben el mismo cambio en la posición de aminoácido del epítopo DR53. Material y método: estudio experimental realizado en el IHO Banco de Sangre del Estado Zulia, Venezuela en muestras de sangre periférica de pacientes con LLA, LMC y controles sanos. Se realizaron cultivo mixto de linfocitos, serología, proliferación linfocitaria y citofluorometría. Resultados: los linfocitos DRB1*14 del paciente reaccionaron en 48 horas versus los linfocitos DRB1*14 estimuladores, que exhibieron aumento de los linfocitos T CD8+. Los pacientes con LMC tuvieron un perfil serológico diferente contra el adenovirus. Sólo pacientes con LMC reaccionaron frente al péptido secuencia LLERRRA con incremento de las células TCD8+. Conclusión: se estableció que la relación leucemia mieloide crónica, HLA-DRB1*14, células TCD8+ de memoria autorreactivas y TCD8+ en respuesta específica frente al adenovirus podría estar en el origen de la leucemia mieloide crónica de pacientes venezolanos.

[Ultrasound use in the first three-month period of pregnancy. 10 basic directions]. / Ultrasonido en el primer trimestre del embarazo.10 consideraciones básicas.

The aim of this paper is to provide the directions for the ultrasound study use and the understanding to make useful it in the first three months of pregnancy. We intend to do ten easy recommendations: pregnancy diagnosis confirmations, the localization of gestational sac, to check the viability of pregnancy, checking the fetal vitality, identify risk factors of miscarriage, to settle number of fetus and gestational age, look for uterine and ovary disturbances and the recognition of aneuploidy. Then after, based on the ultrasound diagnosis features you must decide the medical following of pregnancy. The knowledge on ultrasound is to offer a quality prenatal care and not to replace the pregnancy following in the prenatal care clinic. Ultrasound is innocuous, no invasive with low cost. When ultrasound is employed early in the first care medical attention, it will help to lowering costs of prenatal care and it is an useful diagnostic tool confirm that provide with ultrasound the family care units is a good strategy.

[Clinical and therapeutic approach to Klippel-Feil syndrome in the primary care medicine]. / Tratamiento en el primer nivel del síndrome de Klippel-Feil.

A case of Klippel-Feil syndrome in a female nine years is informed. The patient presented a clinical picture compatible with Klippel-Feil syndrome: short neck with joint movements diminished and low hair implantation. We showed the diagnostics and treatment approach at the primary medicine level, the follow-up until the presence of clinical manifestations of the main clinical problems associated. The liver, cardiovascular, audiology, and muscle-bones are describe and finally some aspects of her physical rehabilitation.

[Fetal hydrops diagnosed by ultrasonographics images. A case report]. / Hidropesía fetal. Diagnóstico ultrasonográfico en el primer nivel de atención.

We reported a non-immune case of fetal hydrops diagnosed at the 15th week of pregnancy with ultrasonographic images. Follow-up was made but the death in utero occurred at the week 16. The treatment with the induct conduction labor was carrying out and finally an abortion was performed. The pathological study of the product was made. With this case, we point out the importance of ultrasound screening in the first quarter of pregnancy for an early diagnosis with high probability of aneuploidy and high morbidity and mortality malformations was highlighted.

Reseña cronológica del movimiento médico 1964-1965 / Chronological review of medical movement 1964-1965

La historia de los movimienos sociales en México es vasta y la del área médica durante noviembre 1964 a septiembre de 1965, fue singular. Este artículo tiene una visión histórica basada en una revisión hemerográfica de las diferentes y más importantes etapas del movimiento. Proporciona un enfoque sutentado y crítico acerca del papel qu jugaron los médicos en los cambios sociopolíticos en el México del siglo XX. [AU]

[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with prolonged survival: a case report]. / Leucoencefalopatía multifocal progresiva. Caso clínico con sobrevida prolongada.

BACKGROUND: The progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a disease histological anatomy characterized by the presence of multifocal areas of demyelization spread out over the central nervous system.The PML is caused by the polyomavirus, a papovavirus. CLINICAL CASE: A female patient with 27 years aged began with malaise, musculosqueletal pain, paresthetic, hyperthermia and diaphoresis; 72 hours later she presented quadriplegic with neurological damage that progressed to stupor and generalized clonic-tonic seizures. The spinal fluid showed no infection signs. The simple and contrasted computed tomography (CT) was normal. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from encephalon reported lesion in white substance in hemispheres, callosal corpus, cerebellum and tallus. Angioresonance showed an increased number of hyperdense areas in the white substance. Final pathological diagnosis was: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. There was no confirmation of immunological disease after the exhaustive studies realized. The patient's survival was two years after the diagnosis was made.

Determinación Microbiológica y Molecular de Listeria sp. y Listeria monocytogenes en Cerdas a nivel de una planta beneficiadora en EUA

Con el objeto de comparar la técnica de PCR múltiple con el método microbiológico comercial para la determinación de la presencia de Listeria spp. y Listeria monocytogenes en alimentos, se llevó a cabo un muestreo en una planta procesadora de cerdas de descarte ubicada en Estados Unidos de Norteamérica (EUA). A 160 cerdas sacrificadas, se le tomaron muestras de ganglios sub-ilíacos, ganglios ileocecales, contenido cecal e hisopado de la superficie de las canales. Adicionalmente se tomaron muestras del ambiente de la planta y de cortes de carne. Un total de 708 muestras se procesaron con ambas técnicas. Mediante técnicas microbiológicas, el 5,2% resultaron positivas a Listeria spp. y el 0,14% a L. monocytogenes. Mediante la técnica de PCR 4,1% resultaron positivas a Listeria spp. y 0,85% positivas a L. monocytogenes. No se observó diferencias significativas (P > o = 0,05) entre estos valores. Se determinó una incidencia del 1,9% de Listeria spp. en los hisopados de la superficie de las canales de las cerdas evaluadas. Por otro lado, se identificó L. monocytogenes, en el 5% de las muestras de cortes de carne. En relación a los ganglios, los sub-ilíacos presentaron 6,3% de incidencia a Listeria spp. y de 1,3% a L. monocytogenes no encontrándose en ganglios ileocecales. Para el contenido cecal la incidencia a Listeria spp. fue de 19% y para L. monocytogenes fue de 2,5%. En el ambiente el 4,2% de las muestras resultaron positivas a Listeria spp. y ninguna a L. monocytogenes. Al comparar los resultados logrados entre ambas técnicas no hubo diferencia significativa entre los valores obtenidos con las muestras de los hisopados de las canales y la de los ganglios ileocecales. Si hubo diferencia significativa entre los resultados de contenido cecal P = 0,0168 < 0,05 y de los ganglios sub-ilíacos P = 0,0038 < 0,05. La utilización de la técnica de PCR múltiple, permitió que los resultados se obtuvieran en 8 h, luego del segundo período de enriquecimiento de cada muestra, y con el método microbiológico convencional el procedimiento tomó 8 días. La incorporación de la metodología molecular en el proceso de verificación del status microbiológico en la industria de alimentos, resulta una mejora para la efectividad y la dinámica en los sistemas de seguridad alimentaria.

Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes presence in a cull sows processor plant in USA, was evaluated by and PCR multiplex method. 160 cull sows were surveyed after slaughter. Samples were collected from sub-iliac node, iliocecal node, cecal content and carcass swabs. Additionally samples were taken from environment plant and from raw meat ready to be processed. A total of 708 samples were processed. Using traditional microbiology method were found 5.2% of samples positive to Listeria spp. and 0.14% to L. monocytogenes. With PCR multiplex 4.1% were positive to Listeria spp. and 0.85% to L. monocytogenes. There was not significant difference (P > or = 0.05) in the results obtained with PCR multiplex and traditional microbiology procedures. In relation with the raw material that leaves the slaughter area to be processed inside the same plant, Listeria spp. was observed in 1.9% swabs carcass, and 5% of raw sow meat sampled. Listeria spp. was identified in 6.3% and L. monocytogenes in 1.3% of subiliac nodes. It was not any iliocecal node positive to Listeria. Samples supposedly related with the infection source in the process plant, cecal content sample were 19% positive to Listeria spp. and 2.5% to L. monocytogenes. Environmental samples were 4.2% positive to Listeria spp. There were not differences between the conventional microbiology procedure and PCR multiplex technique for this pathogen when carcass swabs and ilicecal node were evaluated with both techniques. Differences were observed between the samples from cecal content and sub-iliac node P = 0.0168 < 0.05 and P = 0.0038 < 0.05 respectively. With the PCR multiplex technique, results were obtained in 8 hours after the second enrichment culture period of the each sample. With traditional microbiological it took 8 days. The incorporation of molecular methodology in the verification process for microbiological controls in the food industry, would allow an important improvement of the effectiveness and dynamics in the food safety systems implanted at the food industries.

Utilización de las tarjetas FTA® para el diagnóstico molecular del virus de la enfermedad de NEWCASTLE en muestras de fluido alantoideo / Utilization of FTA® Cards for the Molecular Diagnostic of Newcastle Disease Virus in Allantoic Fluid Samples

Se evaluó la factibilidad de utilizar las tarjetas FTA® (Flinders Technology Associates) para la inactivación y transporte de fluido alantoideo infectado con el virus de la enfermedad de Newcastle (VEN). La tarjetas FTA® fueron impregnadas con diluciones seriadas de fluido alantoideo con un título inicial de 10(8,8) DL/50 del VEN cepa LaSota y analizadas mediante la prueba de reacción en cadena por la polimerasa transcriptasa reversa (por sus siglas en ingles RT-PCR) a las 24 horas, 7 y 14 días. La concentración más baja del virus detectada en el fluido alantoideo fue 10(5,8) DL/50. La detección del virus a partir de la tarjeta fue posible hasta 14 días después de su inactivación. El re-aislamiento viral en huevos embrionados a partir de las tarjetas resultó negativo. La inactivación del virus en las tarjetas no afectó la calidad de la secuencia de nucleótidos, permitiendo la determinación de su virulencia mediante la secuenciación de los nucleótidos que codifican la zona de corte de la proteína de fusión resultando ser lentogénico en concordancia con la cepa inicial de virus aplicada a las tarjetas. Se concluye que las tarjetas FTA® representan una alternativa válida para el muestreo, inactivación y diagnóstico molecular del VEN, con un alto grado de bioseguridad.

The feasibility of using FTA® cards (Flinders Technology Associates) for inactivation and transportation of allantoic fluid infected with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was evaluated. Serial dilutions of allantoic fluid with a titer of 10(8.8) ELD/50 of LaSota strain NDV were loaded on the FTA® cards and analyzed after 24 hour, 7 and 14 days using reverse transcriptase-polimerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The lowest virus concentration that could be detected from the FTA® cards was 10(5.8) ELD/50. The detection of the inactivated virus was possible after 14 days of virus inactivation. No virus re-isolation in embryonating eggs was possible from the cards. No negative effects of the FTA® card inactivation on the nucleotide sequences were observed, allowing the determination of its virulence by direct nucleotide sequencing of the F protein cleavage site, resulting in a lentogénic strain in concordance with the initial virus applied on the cards. It can be conclude that FTA® cards are a valid alternative for NDV sampling, inactivation and molecular diagnostic with a high degree of biosecurity.

Evaluación de dos planes de vacunación contra la enfermedad de newcastle en pollos de engorde de la línea ross criados bajo condiciones de campo en el estado Zulia Venezuela / Evaluation of two vaccination programs against newcastle disease in ross line broiler chickens reared under field conditions in Zulia state Venezuela

Bajo condiciones de campo del estado Zulia, se probó el efecto de dos planes de vacunación contra la enfermedad de Newcastle (ENC). Se usaron tres grupos de 200 pollos Ross de un día de edad. el primer día se evaluaron serológica e histopatológicamente 20 pollos provenientes del lote a ser utilizado para determinar la calidad inicial y los anticuerpos maternales (AM) contra ENC. Los tratamiento aplicados fueron: T1 Control sin vacunación contra ENC; T2 Hitchner B1B1 por aspersión; T3 cepa enterotrópica (VG/GA) por aspersión + Oleosa subcutánea al día 1, ambos con refuerzos al día 7 y 14 con cepa La Sota en spray y agua respectivamente. En 16 aves de cada tratamiento se estudiaron semanalmente los anticuerpos posvacunales contra ENC a través de Inhibición de la Hemoaglutinación (HI), la respuesta al desafío (día 37) con una cepa velogénica viscerotrópica de ENC (RD) y el grado de alteracción histopatológica en las aves (GL). La data se analizó a través de ANOVA y LS means del paquete estadístico SAS. Los AM promediaron una media geométrica del título (MGT) de 120, no se observaron lesiones hitopatológicas previas al ensayo. Para el T1, T2 y T3 los resultados promediaron una MGT de 7,5/10,7/13,5. En la variable GL no hubo diferencias entre tratamientos, sin embargo se observaron lesiones compatibles con Marek, Gumboro y Micotoxicosis; la RD fue 0 por ciento, 60 por ciento y 90 por ciento de protección respectivamente. La respeuesta serológica a las primeras vacunciones fue inhibida probablemente debido a los altos AM, mientras que la respuesta inmune primaria fue inducida por la tercera vacunación y afectadas por las condiciones de campo. La respuesta inmune humoral y la resistencia al desafío fueron mayores en el T3. Se concluye que bajo condiciones de campo se debe utilizar el plan de vacunación correpondiente al T3

Evaluación de dos planes de vacunación contra la enfermedad de newcastle en pollos de engorde de la línea ross criados bajo condiciones de campo en el estado Zulia Venezuela: parámetros productivos y reacción postvacunal / Evaluation of two vaccination programs against newcastle disease in ross line broiler chickens reared under field conditions in Zulia state Venezuela: productive parameters and posvaccine reaction

Bajo condiciones de campo en el Centro Experimental de Producción Animal de la Universidad del Zulia, se evaluó la reacción postvacunal y los parámetros productivos de pollos de engorde en respuesta a la implementación de dos planes de vacunación contra la enfermedad de Newcastle (ENC). Se usaron 3 grupos de 200 pollos Ross de un día de edad. Los tratamientos fueron: T1: Control sin vacunación contra ENC; T2: Cepa Hitchner B1B1 con Spravac al día 1; T3: Cepa enterotrópica (VG/GA) + Oleosa al día 1, ambos con refuerzos al día 7 y 14 (cepa La sota en spray y agua respectivamente). Se determinaron los títulos de anticuerpos maternales (TAM) contra ENC hasta el día 12, a través de inhibición de la Hemoaglutinación, así como el grado de reacción postvacunal durante los primeros 21 días del ensayo a través del Indice de Stress (IS). Por seis semanas se estudió la Ganancia de Peso (GP) Conversión (CON) y Mortalidad (MOR). La data se analizó usando ANOVA del paquete estadístico SAS. Los TAM promediaron una media geométrica del título de 120 durante el período de vacunaciones. Para los grupos T1, T2 y T3 los parámetros productivos promediaron: GP: 2.079g/2.145g/2.192 g; CON: 1,58/1,59/1,45; MOR: 4,6 por ciento/5,4 por ciento)/4,7 por ciento respectivamente. El promedio de IS causado por las vacunaciones contra ENC para los 21 días observados fueron 0,03/0,26 y 0,18 respectivamente. Las reacciones postvacunales fueron inhibidas probablemente por altos TAM encontrados. Ninguna de las variables estudiadas difirió significativamente entre tratamientos. Se concluye que ni la cepa vacunal utilizada, ni el manejo durante el proceso de vacunación contra ENC, evaluados afectaron la reacción postvacunal o respuesta productiva del lote