[Factors possibly associated with the age at the onset of menopause. Multicenter study]. / Factores que pueden estar asociados con la edad de presentación de la menopausia. Estudio multicéntrico.

A transversal study was performed in 1987 to examine 9,844 postmenopausal women aging from 39 to 59 years, residents from the cities of Durango, Monterrey, Guadalajara and Leon. They had their last menstruation at least 12 months before the interview and they were not pregnant. The objective was to know if the menarche, number of deliveries, use of contraceptive methods and smoking could affect the age of menopause. A case control analysis was performed. Based on frequency distribution of the age on which the menopause appeared, cases were classified as early and late menopause when a median value minus 2 SD and plus 2 SD were found, respectively. For control subjects a median + 1 SD was selected. Two and three controls were randomly assigned for early and late menopause, respectively. In total 1,610 subjects were studied. As a measure of association it was used the odds ratio with a confidence level of 95%. It was performed an analysis of confusion and interaction of variables in this study. The most relevant results were; a significant association between smoking 15 packages of cigarettes a year with an OR of 2.31 (1.05-5.17), to have more than five pregnancies with an OR of Mantel and Haenzel of 0.51 (0.33-0.76) for the early menopause. No association with late menopause was observed. It was found that the mean age of menopause was 45.5 years + 4.5 SD (n = 9,844).

Uso de tartrato de butorfanol como analgesico en salpingoclasia con anestesia local. / Use of butorphamol tartrate as analgesic in salpingography with local anesthesia

Este estudio fue disenado para determinar la utilidad del tartrato de butorfanol como analgesico en los precedimientos de esterilizacion femenina con anestesia local.Un grupo de mujeres aleatoriamente distribuidas fueron esterilizadas bajo anestesia peridural o local. En los casos de anestesia local una dosis de 4 mg de tartrato de butorfanol fue usada como analgesico. Los procedimientos empleados fueron laparoscopia y minilaparotomia, usando anestesia local y analgesia en 34 sujetos y bloqueo peridural en 31. Cuarenta casos fueron de intervalo y 25 postparto. La presencia de dolor severo en el transoperatorio se observo en ocho de los 34 casos operados con anestesia local y en dos de los 31 operados con anestesia peridural. En ningun caso la presencia de dolor impidio o dificulto el procedimiento

[Prevalence of anemia in women attending family planning clinic in Durango (author's transl)]. / La prevalencia de anemia en mujeres asistentes a servicios de planificación familiar en la Ciudad de Durango.

PIP: This study investigates the prevalence of anemia in a group of 500 women requesting contraception for the first time at the Health Center in Durango, Mexico. 92% of women were between 15-34, with the majority in the age group 20-24; most had parity 1-4. The average hemoglobin level was 13.04 g/dl, with SE of 0.08. There were 70 anemic women with hemoglobin level below 12 g/dl, which gave a percentage of 14%. 90% of anemic women presented iron deficiency. 16.8% of the total number of women were within the 1st 6 weeks postpartum or postabortion; of these 32% were anemic. Of the 82.4% of women beyond this period of time only 10.4% were anemic. There was no increase in the prevalence of anemia in women with higher parity; among the 174 obese women the percentage of anemia was 86%. The relatively high prevalence of anemia in women seeking contraception compels the doctor to consider very seriously the type of contraception to be prescribed. In Mexico there is an important difference in the geographic distribution of anemia, which seems to be most common in the province of Yucatan, and which is probably caused by alimentary iron deficiency.^ieng

[Prevalence of anemia in a sample of school children in Durango City]. / Prevalencia de anemia en una muestra de escolares de la ciudad de Durango.

The circulatory levels of hemoglobin and the frequency of anemia were determined in a representative sample of children with a mean age of 6.7 years. A random sample of 500 children of the city of Durango was studied. Durango has an altitude of 1893 m above sea level. The mean value of hemoglobin was 12.57 g/100 ml, with a range of 9.4 to 15.0 and a SE of 0.05. There was no difference statistically significant between the sexes. Considering 12.0 as the lower normal limit for hemoglobin values, it was found that 16% of the children were anemic, 49% of the anemic children were iron deficient, with iron serum levels of less than 60 ug/100 ml. The relationship between anemia and number of living children, birth order and weight was established. The frequency of anemia was higher among children coming from families with 4 or more living children.