"With insomnia, nothing is real": The Role of Gender and Cognitive Restructuring in Stress Induced Insomnia and Burnout.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study is to provide a theoretical and practical framework to the better under standing of insomnia and its relationship with perceived stress, burnout, cognitive restructuring and gender. The prior findings supported the integration of these constructs into a comprehensive model that helps us identify their complex system. METHODS: In our cross-sectional self-report study, 216 responders participated. The gender ratio was 23.6% (N=51) to 76.4% (N=165) with female dominance. The mean age was 22.5 years (MAge=22.51; SDAge=4.38) between 18 and 54. RESULTS: The applied pathway analysis supported the assumption that insomnia has a mediating role between perceived stress and burnout syndrome with the relevant effects of gender and cognitive restructuring as a way of coping. CONSEQUENCES: The increasing number of empirical findings highlights the relevance of sleep-related problems and the importance of the better understanding them in order to identify those components that could serve as key positions to interventions and preventions.

The Assessment of Dual-Cycle Identity Models Among Secondary School Students: The Hungarian Adaptation of DIDS and U-MICS.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factor structure and validity of the Hungarian versions of the Dimensions for Identity Development Scale (DIDS) and Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS). Both models assume that the iterative process of exploring and evolving commitments occurs in two distinct cycles. The sample for testing the factor structure of DIDS consisted of 808 adolescents (357 boys and 451 girls) aged between 14 and 21 years (Mage = 16.86; SD = 1.35). The sample for testing the factor structure of U-MICS consisted of 803 adolescents (353 boys and 450 girls) aged between 14 and 21 years (Mage = 16.88; SD = 1.34). Results indicated a five factor model of DIDS in the present sample. All the five dimensions correlated as hypothesized both internally and externally. In line with previous research, six clusters emerged based on the dimensions of DIDS, including ruminative moratorium. Regarding U-MICS, results indicated a three factor model in the present sample. All the three dimensions were internally and externally correlated as hypothesized regarding both ideological and interpersonal identity domains. With regard to the identity status cluster solution, five clusters emerged in both the educational and friendship domains. We found specific variation regarding identity clusters in the two identity domains. Our results support the use of these two measurements in Hungarian context. Further, our results confirm the divergent developmental dynamics of ideological and interpersonal identity domains.

Identity Diffusion as the Organizing Principle of Borderline Personality Traits in Adolescents-A Non-clinical Study.

Growing evidence shows that diagnosing and treating borderline personality disorder (BPD) is of high relevance for affected youths. Although identity crisis is part of the normative developmental process, identity diffusion is a potential candidate for being an appropriate concept in further developing screening tools and interventions for BPD treatment in adolescence. We hypothesized that severity of borderline traits (as indicated by the strength of their associations with identity diffusion) would be negatively associated with non-clinical adolescents' endorsement of borderline features' presence. We also hypothesized that identity diffusion had a central role in the network of borderline personality traits and could be conceived of as a latent organizing principle of borderline personality disorder. In our study, 169 non-clinical adolescents (81 girls and 88 boys; M age = 15.38; SDage = 1.52) filled out self-report measures of borderline personality features and identity diffusion. According to our results, having strong feelings and interpersonal sensitivity were the two most endorsed borderline personality features. Borderline personality features were positively correlated with identity diffusion. The more severe a borderline personality feature was, the less relevant it was for non-clinical adolescents. According to a network analysis, identity diffusion was the most central and least redundant element of the network of borderline personality traits. Results are discussed from a clinical point of view, further encouraging professionals to use identity diffusion screening tools to detect BPD in adolescence.