ABSTRACT
Significant advances are being made towards understanding the genetic basis for spinal neurodegenerative diseases, however, effective pharmacotherapy remains elusive. One of the primary theories underlying neuron vulnerability is susceptibility to excitotoxicity. We present for the first time evidence that the activation of the CB(1) cannabinoid receptor effectively modulates kainate toxicity in primary neuronal cultures prepared from mouse spinal cord. Addition of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol to the culture medium attenuated the toxicity produced by kainate. The CB(1) receptors were localized to spinal neurons and astrocytes. The neuroprotective effect was blocked with the CB(1) receptor antagonist, SR141716A, indicating a receptor-mediated effect.
Subject(s)
Dronabinol/pharmacology , Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists/toxicity , Hallucinogens/pharmacology , Kainic Acid/toxicity , Receptors, Drug/metabolism , Spinal Cord/drug effects , Spinal Cord/metabolism , Animals , Astrocytes/drug effects , Astrocytes/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Embryo, Mammalian , Mice , Neurons/drug effects , Neurons/metabolism , Neurotoxins/pharmacology , Piperidines/pharmacology , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Receptors, Cannabinoid , Receptors, Drug/antagonists & inhibitors , RimonabantABSTRACT
The present study is based on 350 women having sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and 68 male counterparts. Trichomonas vaginalis was a significant contributor in 216 (61.7%) out of 350 female STD cases and 56 (82.3%) out of 68 male counterparts. Further, out of 126 (58.3%) out of 216 cases of T. vaginalis, 41 cases (32.5%) were associated with candida species; 29 cases (23%) were associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N gonorrhoeae); Haemophilus ducreyi (H. ducreyi) 18 cases (14.3%) and Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) 11 cases (8.7%). Treponema pallidium (T. pallidium) was observed in 8 cases (6.3%) which constitutes a low percentage. The present study highlights the importance of T. vaginalis by showing positivity in two-thirds of the STD cases which suggests that it can be an important indicator for other etiological STD agents in women.
ABSTRACT
Plutonium from acidic waste solutions has been recovered quantitatively using tri-n-octylamine (TnOA) in xylene and americium using a mixture of octylphenyl-N-N- diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO) and TBP in dodecane by extraction and extraction chromatographic methods. The Pu ( IV ) TnOA species extracted into the organic phase from higher nitric acid concentrations has been confirmed as (R(3)NH)(2)Pu(NO(3))(6) (where R(3)N = TnOA by employing slope analysis as well as spectrophotometric studies.
ABSTRACT
The blue colour developed on interaction of vanadium(V) with tropolone m 5.5-7.0N acid can be extracted into chloroform. The complex has an absorption maximum at 590 nm. Colour development is instantaneous and the extracted species is stable for 72 hr. Beer's law is followed in the range 1.02-14.25 ppm of vanadium. The molar absorptivity is 4.63 x 10(3)l.mole(-1).cm(-1). Most anions do not interfere. Of the 37 cations examined, only Ti(III), Ru(III), Pt(IV), Ir(IV), Mn(II), Ta(V) and Ce(III) were found to interfere. The interference due to these cations has been removed by masking them with EDTA.
