ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In the temperate world, Lyme disease (LD) is the most common vector-borne disease affecting humans. In North America, LD surveillance and research have revealed an increasing territorial expansion of hosts, bacteria and vectors that has accompanied an increasing incidence of the disease in humans. To better understand the factors driving disease spread, predictive models can use current and historical data to predict disease occurrence in populations across time and space. Various prediction methods have been used, including approaches to evaluate prediction accuracy and/or performance and a range of predictors in LD risk prediction research. With this scoping review, we aim to document the different modelling approaches including types of forecasting and/or prediction methods, predictors and approaches to evaluating model performance (eg, accuracy). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This scoping review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Review guidelines. Electronic databases will be searched via keywords and subject headings (eg, Medical Subject Heading terms). The search will be performed in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CAB Abstracts, Global Health and SCOPUS. Studies reported in English or French investigating the risk of LD in humans through spatial prediction and temporal forecasting methodologies will be identified and screened. Eligibility criteria will be applied to the list of articles to identify which to retain. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text screening of the articles' content. Data will be extracted and charted into a standard form, synthesised and interpreted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This scoping review is based on published literature and does not require ethics approval. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.
Subject(s)
Lyme Disease , Research Design , Lyme Disease/diagnosis , Lyme Disease/epidemiology , Humans , Forecasting , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
Introducción: La pandemia por el SARS-CoV-2 estableció desafíos para los sistemas de salud en función de dar continuidad a la atención de los pacientes por medio de la rápida adopción de la telesalud. Esto conllevó retos para los profesionales que se enfrentaron a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Objetivos: Identificar conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes y prácticas de los profesionales de la salud que emplearon la telesalud en el ámbito ambulatorio durante la pandemia y analizar los posibles factores relacionados con las barreras que presentan los profesionales para implementar de forma efectiva los servicios de telesalud. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal analítico. Se aplicó una encuesta electrónica a profesionales de salud de tres centros médicos de Colombia. Resultados: Se aplicaron 430 encuestas. La mediana de edad fue de 39 años y el 79 % fueron mujeres. El 57 % no habían sido capacitados en aspectos técnicos, normativos y éticos de la telesalud; el 46 % reportó dificultad para administrar el tiempo; el 81 % manifestó el aumento en su carga laboral. La dificultad para emplear las herramientas tecnológicas se asoció 4,67 veces más a la percepción de alteración de su propio estado de salud; sin embargo, el 92 % manifestó que seguiría usando la telesalud. Conclusiones: La actitud frente al uso de la telesalud fue positiva; el conocimiento, habilidades y entrenamiento en telesalud parece determinar su aceptabilidad. Esta es una primera evaluación que revela los puntos a trabajar en el caso de los profesionales, en función de la permanencia de la telesalud como herramienta para la atención de pacientes.
Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic posed challenges for health systems in terms of providing continuity of patient care through the rapid adoption of telehealth. This brought challenges for professionals who dealt with information and communication technologies. Objectives: To identify knowledge, skills, attitudes, and practices of health professionals who used telehealth in the outpatient setting during the pandemic and to analyze possible factors related to the barriers that professionals present to effectively implement telehealth services. Methods: This is a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study. An electronic survey was used on health professionals from three medical centers in Colombia. Results: Four hundred thirty (430) surveys were used. The median age was 39 years and 79% were women. 57% had not been trained in technical, regulatory and ethical aspects of telehealth; 46% reported difficulty managing time; 81% reported an increase in their workload. The difficulty in using technological tools was associated 4.67 times more with the perception of alteration of their own state of health; however, 92% said they would continue to use telehealth. Conclusions: The attitude towards the use of telehealth was positive; knowledge, skills, and training in telehealth seem to determine its acceptability. This is a first evaluation that reveals the points to work on in the case of professionals, based on the permanence of telehealth as a tool for patient care.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: El consumo de cigarrillo ha venido en aumento entre otras razones por nuevas estrategias comerciales, falta de una política pública definida, contrabando y falta de programas efectivos contra la adicción. Los médicos no son ajenos a este problema con el agravante de que no cuentan con el entrenamiento necesario para influir en la educación de los pacientes. Objetivo: Evaluar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de médicos colombianos respecto al tabaquismo. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal mediante encuesta virtual realizada a 431 médicos colombianos anónimos, autoseleccionados. Resultados: La prevalencia de vida de consumo de cigarrillo fue del 68.68%. La edad promedio de consumo fue 16 años, el 37.28% ha fumado más de 5 cajetillas a lo largo de la vida; solamente el 12.54% de los fumadores ha intentado dejar el hábito; el 61.71% de los encuestados refirieron uno o ambos padres fumadores, variable que resultó asociada al consumo. El 51.04% refiere no tener conocimientos para brindar asesoría a los pacientes en el tema; 88.17% está de acuerdo con la normatividad restrictiva existente en el país; el 95.82% consideran que son un modelo a seguir y que desempeñan un papel importante frente al paciente. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de tabaquismo activo en médicos colombianos es baja en comparación con la estadística mundial; la asesoría para abandonar el hábito en los pacientes es casi nula. Hay consenso en la necesidad de una mejor formación en el tema entre el personal médico. [Robayo-González CX, Uribe-Caputi JC. Estudio de corte transversal sobre el estado de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de médicos colombianos ante el tabaquismo. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 327-337].
Introduction: Smoking intake has been increasing, among other reasons, due to new commercial strategies, lack of a defined public policy, smuggling and lack of effective programs against addiction. Doctors are not oblivious to this problem with the aggravating factor that they do not have the necessary training to have influence on the education of patients. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Colombian doctors regarding smoking. Methodology: A cross-sectional study carried out using a virtual survey of 431 unknown and self-selected Colombian doctors. Results: The lifetime prevalence of smoking intake was 68.68%. The average age of consumption was 16 years, 37.28% of them have smoked more than 5 packages throughout their lives; only 12.54% of smokers have tried to give up smoking; 61.71% of respondents reported one or both smoking parents, a variable that was associated with consumption. 51.04% of them reported not having knowledge to provide advice to patients on the subject; 88.17% agree with the restrictive regulations existing in the country; 95.82% of them consider that they are a model to follow and that they play an important role in front of the patient. Conclusions: The prevalence of active smoking in Colombian physicians is low compared to the global statistics; however, the advice to abandon the habit in patients is almost zero. There is a consensus on the need for better training in the subject among medical staff. [Robayo-González CX, Uribe-Caputi JC. A Cross-Sectional Study carried out about the State of knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Colombian Doctors Facing Smoking. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 327-337].
Introdução: O tabagismo aumentou, entre outras razões, devido à novas estratégias comerciais, falta de uma política pública definida, contrabando e falta de programas efetivos contra o vício. Os médicos não são alheios a este problema com o fator agravante de que eles não têm o treinamento necessário para influenciar na educação dos pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas dos médicos colombianos em relação ao tabagismo. Metodologia: Estudo transversal através de uma pesquisa virtual de 431 médicos colombianos anônimos, autoselecionados. Resultados:Aprevalência ao longo da vida do tabagismo foi de 68.68%. Aidade média de consumo foi de 16 anos, 37.28% fumaram mais de 5 pacotes ao longo de suas vidas; apenas 12.54% dos fumantes tentaram desistir; 61.71% dos entrevistados relataram que um ou ambos pais fumavão, esta variável foi associada ao consumo. Um 51.04% afirmaram o desconhecimento dos meios para fornecer aconselhamento aos pacientes sobre o assunto; 88.17% concordaram com os regulamentos restritivos existentes no país; 95.82% consideraram que eles são um modelo a seguir e que eles desempenham um papel importante frente do paciente. Conclusões: A prevalência de tabagismo ativo em médicos colombianos é baixa em comparação com as estatísticas globais; o conselho para abandonar o hábito em pacientes é quase nulo. Há consenso sobre a necessidade de uma melhor formação no assunto entre o pessoal médico. [Robayo-González CX, Uribe-Caputi JC. Estudo transversal sobre o estado dos conhecimentos, das atitudes e das práticas dos médicos colombianos frente aos fumadores. MedUNAB 2017-2018; 20(3): 327-337].
