Extensive sharing of mitochondrial COI and CYB haplotypes among reef-building staghorn corals (Acropora spp.) in Sabah, North Borneo.

This study is aimed at establishing a baseline on the genetic diversity of the Acropora corals of Sabah, North Borneo based on variations in the partial COI and CYB nucleotide sequences. Comparison across 50 shallow-water Acropora morphospecies indicated that the low substitution rates in the two genes were due to negative selection and that rate heterogeneity between them was asymmetric. CYB appeared to have evolved faster than COI in the Acropora as indicated by differences in the rate of pairwise genetic distance, degrees of transition bias (Ts/Tv), synonymous-to-nonsynonymous rate ratio (dN/dS), and substitution patterns at the three codon positions. Despite the relatively high haplotype diversity (Hd), nucleotide diversity (π) of the haplotype datasets was low due to stringent purifying selection operating on the genes. Subsequently, we identified individual COI and CYB haplotypes that were each extensively shared across sympatrically and allopatrically distributed Indo-Pacific Acropora. These reciprocally common mtDNA types were suspected to be ancestral forms of the genes whereas other haplotypes have mostly evolved from autoapomorphic mutations which have not been fixed within the species even though they are selectively neutral. To our knowledge, this is the first report on DNA barcodes of Acropora species in North Borneo and this understanding will play an important role in the management and conservation of these important reef-building corals.

Consolidated Checklist of Hard Corals of the Genus Acropora Oken, 1815 (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in North Borneo, East Malaysia.

Acropora is the most biologically diverse group of reef-building coral, and its richness peaks at the Indo-Malay-Philippine Archipelago, the centre of global coral reef biodiversity. In this paper, we describe the species richness of Acropora fauna of North Borneo, East Malaysia, based on review of literature and as corroborated by voucher specimens. Eighty-three species of Acropora are reported here; four species are literature based and 79 are supported by voucher specimens that were subsequently photographed. New records for North Borneo were recorded for 12 species, including Acropora suharsonoi Wallace 1994 that was previously thought to be confined to a few islands along Lombok Strait, Indonesia. The diversity of Acropora in North Borneo is comparable to that of Indonesia and the Philippines, despite the area's smaller reef areas. This further reinforces its inclusion as part the global hotspot of coral biodiversity.

Técnica de abdomen abierto en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital General Docente Dr Agostinho Neto de Guantánamo / Open abdomen technique in the service of General Surgery at General Teaching Hospital Dr Agostinho Neto Guantanamo

Se realiza un estudio desde enero de 2002 hasta diciembre de 2012 en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital General Docente Dr Agostinho Neto con el objetivo de determinar la causa de la aplicación de la técnica abdomen abierto, indicaciones, reintervenciones y mortalidad en los casos intervenidos. Las edades estaban comprendidas entre los 30 y 69 años de edad, con una media de 46 años. Predominó el sexo masculino en la mayoría de los pacientes estudiados. El síndrome compartimental fue la indicación más precisa para la aplicación de la técnica de abdomen abierto. El cierre temporal de la pared abdominal deberá siempre individualizarse para cada escenario clínico y la estrategia del abdomen abierto es útil en situaciones quirúrgicas complejas y en pacientes en estado crítico(AU)

A study was performed from January 2002 to December 2012 in the Department of the General Surgery, at the General Teaching Hospital Dr Agostinho Neto in order to determine the cause of the application of the open abdomen technique, indications, reoperations and mortality in operated cases. The ages ranged between 30 and 69 years old, with an average of 46 years. Males predominated in most of the patients that was studied. Compartment syndrome was the most accurate for the application of the technique of open abdomen indication. Temporary closure of the abdominal wall should always be individualized for each clinical scenario and strategy of the OA is useful in complex situations and in surgical critically ill patients

Hipertensión durante la gestación y su repercusión en algunos resultados perinatales en el Hospital Dr Agostinho Neto Guantánamo / Hypertension during pregnancy and its impact on some perinatal results in Dr Agostinho Neto Hospital, Guantanamo

La hipertensión durante la gestación se asocia con un incremento del riesgo de algunas complicaciones obstétricas y perinatales, contribuyendo al incremento de las tasas de morbimortalidad materna y perinatal. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica en algunos resultados perinatales en nuestro medio, comparándolos con los encontrados en pacientes no hipertensas y sin otras afecciones asociadas. Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles en el Hospital General Docente Dr Agostinho Neto, de Guatánamo durante el año 2006, con las gestantes hipertensas que parieron en ese año en el servicio de maternidad del centro. Se seleccionaron 97 embarazadas hipertensas y 194 no hipertensas mediante selección aleatoria simple para su comparación, se le determinó la edad, paridad, peso del neonato, APGAR al 5to minuto, complicaciones maternas, complicaciones neonatales, tipo de parto, mortalidad fetal y neonatal. Resultados: El bajo peso tuvo un OR = 3,28 (95 porciento IC = 1,20 - 9,17), la cesárea fue más frecuente en la hipertensas con un OR = 90,95 (95 porciento IC = 37,48 - 227,67), el APGAR bajo al 5to minuto fue superior entre las hipertensas con un OR = 11,39 (95,porciento IC = 4,50 - 30,07), el sangramiento postparto fue más frecuente en las hipertensas con un OR = 5,85 (95,porciento IC = 1,86 - 19,49), la sepsis neonatal, el CIUR y el Distress Respiratorio fueron estadísticamente más frecuentes entre las hipertensas. Conclusiones: La hipertensión arterial en el embarazo influye negativamente en una serie de parámetros perinatales en nuestro medio.

Hypertension during pregnancy is associated with an increase of the risk of some obstetric and perinatal complications that contribute to the rise of the maternal and perinatal morbimortality rates. Objective: To determine the influence of the hypertensive gravid woman on some perinatal results on our environment, comparing them with those found in nonhypertensive patients and in patients with no other associated affections. Method: A retrospective case-control study was conducted among the pregnant women that gave birth at the maternity service of Dr Agostinho Neto General Teaching Hospital, in Guantánamo, during 2006. 97 hypertensive and 194 nonhypertensive pregnant women were chosen by simple randomized selection in order to compare them. Age, parity, infant's birth weight, Apgar score at the 5th minute, maternal and neonatal complications, type of delivery, and fetal and neonatal mortality were determined. Results: Low birth weight had an OR = 3.28 (95 percent CI = 1.20 - 9.17), caesarean was more frequent in the hypertensive with an OR = 90.95 (95 percent CI = 37.48 - 227.67), low Apgar at the 5th minute was higher among the hypertensive with an OR = 11.39 (95 percent CI = 4.50 - 30.07), and the postpartum bleeding was more common in the hypertensive with an OR = 5.85 (95 percent CI = 1.86 - 19.49). Neonatal sepsis, IUGR and respiratory distress were statistically more frequent in the hypertensive. Conclusions: Arterial hypertension during pregnancy exert a negative influence on a series of perinatal parameters in our environment.

Hipertensión durante la gestación y su repercusión en algunos resultados perinatales en el Hospital Dr Agostinho Neto Guantánamo / Hypertension during pregnancy and its impact on some perinatal results in Dr Agostinho Neto Hospital, Guantanamo

La hipertensión durante la gestación se asocia con un incremento del riesgo de algunas complicaciones obstétricas y perinatales, contribuyendo al incremento de las tasas de morbimortalidad materna y perinatal. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica en algunos resultados perinatales en nuestro medio, comparándolos con los encontrados en pacientes no hipertensas y sin otras afecciones asociadas. Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles en el Hospital General Docente Dr Agostinho Neto, de Guatánamo durante el año 2006, con las gestantes hipertensas que parieron en ese año en el servicio de maternidad del centro. Se seleccionaron 97 embarazadas hipertensas y 194 no hipertensas mediante selección aleatoria simple para su comparación, se le determinó la edad, paridad, peso del neonato, APGAR al 5to minuto, complicaciones maternas, complicaciones neonatales, tipo de parto, mortalidad fetal y neonatal. Resultados: El bajo peso tuvo un OR = 3,28 (95 porciento IC = 1,20 9,17), la cesárea fue más frecuente en la hipertensas con un OR = 90,95 (95 porciento IC = 37,48 227,67), el APGAR bajo al 5to minuto fue superior entre las hipertensas con un OR = 11,39 (95,porciento IC = 4,50 30,07), el sangramiento postparto fue más frecuente en las hipertensas con un OR = 5,85 (95,porciento IC = 1,86 19,49), la sepsis neonatal, el CIUR y el Distress Respiratorio fueron estadísticamente más frecuentes entre las hipertensas. Conclusiones: La hipertensión arterial en el embarazo influye negativamente en una serie de parámetros perinatales en nuestro medio(AU)

Hypertension during pregnancy is associated with an increase of the risk of some obstetric and perinatal complications that contribute to the rise of the maternal and perinatal morbimortality rates. Objective: To determine the influence of the hypertensive gravid woman on some perinatal results on our environment, comparing them with those found in nonhypertensive patients and in patients with no other associated affections. Method: A retrospective case-control study was conducted among the pregnant women that gave birth at the maternity service of Dr Agostinho Neto General Teaching Hospital, in Guantánamo, during 2006. 97 hypertensive and 194 nonhypertensive pregnant women were chosen by simple randomized selection in order to compare them. Age, parity, infants birth weight, Apgar score at the 5th minute, maternal and neonatal complications, type of delivery, and fetal and neonatal mortality were determined. Results: Low birth weight had an OR = 3.28 (95 percent CI = 1.20 9.17), caesarean was more frequent in the hypertensive with an OR = 90.95 (95 percent CI = 37.48 227.67), low Apgar at the 5th minute was higher among the hypertensive with an OR = 11.39 (95 percent CI = 4.50 30.07), and the postpartum bleeding was more common in the hypertensive with an OR = 5.85 (95 percent CI = 1.86 19.49). Neonatal sepsis, IUGR and respiratory distress were statistically more frequent in the hypertensive. Conclusions: Arterial hypertension during pregnancy exert a negative influence on a series of perinatal parameters in our environment(AU)