Métodos para la detección de cardiopatías congénitas en neonatos

Las cardiopatías congénitas conforman el grupo de las malformaciones innatas más comunes, siendo vital su detección temprana. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo caracterizar las publicaciones acerca de los métodos para la detección de cardiopatías congénitas en neonatos a partir de tres categorías: las características generales de las investigaciones, la información de los investigadores y la definición y características de las metodologías practicadas. Para tal efecto, y con ayuda de tablas dinámicas de MS Excel 16.52 y el software VOSviewer 1.6.17, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistematizada que permitió recopilar 63 artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2021 en Scopus, Web of Science y PubMed. Los hallazgos evidencian que la producción académica ha ido incrementándose desde el 2018, teniendo a Estados Unidos a la vanguardia de esta y siendo la ecocardiografía y la oximetría los procedimientos más estudiados. La comparación entre las metodologías advierte que la detección por oximetría es la más destacable, en cuanto a los factores evaluados. Esta investigación abre nuevas líneas de indagación en la materia con la finalidad de desarrollar y aplicar nuevas metodologías o perfeccionar las ya existentes para que se ajusten a las necesidades de la población.

Congenital heart disease is one of the most common innate malformations, and early detection is vital. The aim of this study was to characterize the publications on methods for the detection of congenital heart disease in neonates based on three categories: the general characteristics of the investigations, the information provided by the researchers, and the definition and characteristics of the methodologies used. For this purpose, and with the help of MS Excel 16.52 pivot tables and VOSviewer 1.6.17 software, a systematized review was carried out that allowed us to compile 63 articles published between 2010 and 2021 in Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed. The findings evidence that academic production has been increasing since 2018, with the United States being at the forefront of this and echocardiography and oximetry being the most studied procedures. The comparison between the methodologies warns that detection by oximetry is the most outstanding in terms of the factors evaluated. This research opens up new lines of investigation in the field with the aim of developing and applying new methodologies or improving existing ones to meet the needs of the population.

[Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery: analysis of complications in the first 120 procedures]. / Cirugía endoscópica transnasal de base de cráneo: Análisis de las complicaciones en los primeros 120 procedimientos.

Background: The endonasal endoscopic approach (EEA) has potential advantages over traditional open approaches. However, complications such as cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) leak, visual disturbances, and postoperative meningitis have been described. The aim was to present the experience accumulated in 120 cases of skull base EEA performed by the same surgical team and describe and analyze the main postoperative complications according to the complexity of the cases. Methods: Retrospective study on our database of patients undergoing skull base EEA for various pathologies between July 2011 and March 2022. Results: 120 skull base EEA surgeries were analyzed. 57.14% were performed on women. The median age was 44 years. 26.66% were reinterventions. The most frequent pathology was pituitary adenoma (49.17%) followed by CSF leak (8.33%). The most used EEA was the transelar 65.83%. 26 complications were recorded, with no differences according to complexity. There were 13 cases of diabetes insipidus (DI) and 8 of CSF leak. This was more frequent in patients with intraoperative CSF leak. The median hospital stay was 5.5 days. Conclusion: Skull base EEA has become increasingly common for the surgical management of skull base pathology, with a low frequency of immediate postoperative complications and low mortality. The improvement of the technique and the improvement in postoperative care are associated with a shorter hospital stay.

Caracterización clínica y tratamiento de pacientes ingresados por la COVID-19 en terapias intensivascubanas

RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia por la COVID-19 fue declarada emergencia de salud pública internacional. El conocimiento de los síntomas, comorbilidades y el riesgo según el tratamiento recibido puede contribuir a una mejor clasificación y atención de los pacientes. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínicamente a los pacientes de COVID-19 atendidos en las unidades de terapia intensiva cubanas. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de todos los pacientes atendidos en las unidades de terapia intensiva de Cuba en el periodo comprendido entre el 11 de marzo y el 30 de julio de 2020. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, clínicos y de resultados. Se compararon los pacientes fallecidos y recuperados de acuerdo a la prevalencia de las covariables a través de una prueba estándar de chi-cuadrado. Se realizó regresión logística para evaluar las variables predictoras de la mortalidad hospitalaria. Resultados: Se atendieron 175 pacientes, de ellos 106 graves y 69 críticos. Predominó el sexo masculino (52,0 %), mayores de 60 años (67,2 %) con hipertensión arterial (57,0 %). La edad (mayores de 80 años, OR= 9,62, IC95%: 3,16-29,2), el estado al ingreso (OR= 8,32, IC95%: 2.30-30,10) y la inestabilidad hemodinámica (OR=6,9, IC95%:2,96-16,37), se asociaron a un mayor riesgo de fallecimiento. Los pacientes tratados con kaletra, cloroquina, itolizumab o jusvinza incrementaron la supervivencia. El riesgo de fallecimiento en los críticos disminuyó de 80 a 25% con el uso de jusvinza. Conclusiones: La caracterización clínica realizada demuestra la efectividad de los protocolos clínicos empleados en las unidades de terapia intensiva del país.

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic was declared an international public health emergency. The knowledge of the symptoms, comorbidities, and the risk associated with the treatment received could contribute to better classification and care of patients. Objective: To clinically characterize COVID-19 patients admitted to the Cuban intensive care units Methods: A retrospective observational study of all patients treated in the Cuban intensive care units from March 11 to July 30, 2020. Demographic, clinical and outcome data were collected. The prevalence of fatal and recovery cases was compared by covariables using the standard chi-square test. A logistic regression was performed to evaluate the predictor variables for in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 175 patients were treated, including 106 acutely ill and 69 critically ill. Patients were predominantly male (52.0%), over 60 years old (67.2%) and had hypertension (57.0%). Age (over 80 years old, OR= 9.62, 95% CI: 3.16-29.2), health status at admission (OR= 8.32, 95% CI: 2.30-30.10), and hemodynamic instability (OR=6.9, 95% CI: 2.96-16.37) were associated with an increased risk of death. Patients treated with Kaletra, chloroquine, Itolizumab, or Jusvinza increased survival. Mortality risk in critically ill patients decreased from 80% to 25% with the use of Jusvinza. Conclusions: The clinical characterization performed demonstrates the effectiveness of the clinical protocols used in the country's intensive care units.

Determining relevant traits for selecting landrace accessions of Phaseolus lunatus L. for insect resistance.

Plant-insect interactions are a determining factor for sustainable crop production. Although plants can resist or tolerate herbivorous insects to varying degrees, even with the use of pesticides, insects can reduce plant net productivity by as much as 20%, so sustainable strategies for pest control with less dependence on chemicals are needed. Selecting plants with optimal resistance and photosynthetic traits can help minimize damage and maintain productivity. Here, 27 landrace accessions of lima beans, Phaseolus lunatus L., from the Yucatan Peninsula were evaluated in the field for morphological resistance traits, photosynthetic characteristics, insect damage and seed yield. Variation was found in physical leaf traits (number, area, and dry mass of leaves; trichome density, specific leaf thickness and hardness) and in physiological traits (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon, water-use efficiency, and transpiration). Five accessions (JMC1325, JMC1288, JMC1339, JMC1208 and JMC1264) had the lowest index for cumulative damage with the highest seed yield, although RDA analysis uncovered two accessions (JMC1339, JMC1288) with strong positive association of seed yield and the cumulative damage index with leaf production, specific leaf area (SLA) and total leaf area. Leaf traits, including SLA and total leaf area are important drivers for optimizing seed yield. This study identified 12 important morphological and physiological leaf traits for selecting landrace accessions of P. lunatus for high yields (regardless of damage level) to achieve sustainable, environmentally safe crop production.

Marine Seagrass Extract of Thalassia testudinum Suppresses Colorectal Tumor Growth, Motility and Angiogenesis by Autophagic Stress and Immunogenic Cell Death Pathways.

Marine plants have become an inexhaustible reservoir of new phytopharmaceuticals for cancer treatment. We demonstrate in vitro/in vivo antitumor efficacy of a standardized polyphenol extract from the marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum (TTE) in colon tumor cell lines (RKO, SW480, and CT26) and a syngeneic allograft murine colorectal cancer model. MTT assays revealed a dose-dependent decrease of cell viability of RKO, CT26, and SW480 cells upon TTE treatment with IC50 values of, respectively, 175, 115, and 60 µg/mL. Furthermore, TTE significantly prevented basal and bFGF-induced angiogenesis in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis assay. In addition, TTE suppressed bFGF-induced migration of endothelial cells in a wound closure assay. Finally, TTE treatment abrogated CT26 colorectal cancer growth and increased overall organism survival in a syngeneic murine allograft model. Corresponding transcriptome profiling and pathway analysis allowed for the identification of the mechanism of action for the antitumor effects of TTE. In line with our in vitro/in vivo results, TTE treatment triggers ATF4-P53-NFκB specific gene expression and autophagy stress pathways. This results in suppression of colon cancer cell growth, cell motility, and angiogenesis pathways in vitro and in addition promotes antitumor immunogenic cell death in vivo.

Trabalho, educação e juventudes: diálogo com o pensamento social de christian laval e pierre dardot / Work, education and youths: a dialogue with the social thinking of christian laval and pierre dardot / Trabajo, educación y juventudes: diálogo con el pensamiento social de christian laval y pierre dardo

Resumo O presente estudo teórico propõe um dia-gnóstico crítico das relações entre trabalho, educação e juventudes contemporâneas, por meio de um breve diálogo com o pensamento social de Christian Laval e Pierre Dardot. Sua preocupação central encontra-se na emergência de novos arranjos subjetivos no contexto do neoliberalismo. Para pensar tais relações foram considerados três traços conceituais derivados das obras dos autores selecionados: a compreensão da crise como modo de vida permanente, a ênfase nos aspectos emocionais e no dispositivo desempenho/gozo e a reinscrição da formação juvenil no território do comum. Ao longo do estudo, evidencia-se que um referencial analítico crítico e heterodoxo, sustentado numa releitura específica do pensamento de Marx articulada a outras contribuições, da forma como tratado por Dardot e Laval, apresenta potencialidade heurística significativa para pensar os conceitos de trabalho, educação e juventude no contexto brasileiro atual.

Abstract The present theoretical study proposes a critical diagnosis of the relationships among work, education, and contemporary youths through a brief dialogue with the social thinking of Christian Laval and Pierre Dardot. Its main concern lies in the rise of new subjective arrangements within the context of neoliberalism. In order to think of these relationships, we have considered three conceptual traits derived from the works of the selected authors: the understanding of the crisis as a permanent way of life, the emphasis on the emotional aspects and on the performance/enjoyment device, and the reassignment of youth training to the territory of the common. Throughout the study, it is evidenced that an analytical, critical, and unorthodox framework, backed by a specific reinterpretation of Marx's thinking combined with other contributions, as treated by Dardot and Laval, displays a significant heuristic potentiality to think about the concepts of work, education, and youth in the current Brazilian context.

Resumen El presente estudio teórico propone un diagnóstico crítico de las relaciones entre trabajo, educación y juventud contemporánea, por medio de un breve diálogo con el pensamiento social de Christian Laval y Pierre Dardot. Su preocupación central se encuentra en la emergencia de nuevos arreglos subjetivos en el contexto del neoliberalismo. Para pensar tales relaciones fueron considerados tres trazos conceptuales derivados de las obras de los autores seleccionados: la comprensión de la crisis como modo de vida permanente, el énfasis en los aspectos emocionales y en el dispositivo desempeño/gozo y la reinscripción de la formación juvenil en el territorio del común. A lo largo del estudio, se muestra que un referencial analítico crítico y heterodoxo, sustentado en una relectura específica del pensamiento de Marx articulada a otras contribuciones, de la forma como tratado por Dardot y Laval, presenta potencialidad heurística significativa para pensar los conceptos de trabajo, educación y juventud en el contexto brasileño actual.

Revisitando a noção de justiça curricular: problematizações ao processo de seleção dos conhecimentos escolares / Revisiting the notion of curricular justice: problematizations the process of school knowledge selection

RESUMO: O presente artigo apresenta um estudo teórico acerca da noção de "justiça curricular", importante conceito para pensar as relações entre justiça social e educação no âmbito dos Estudos Curriculares. Em um contexto de intensificação das desigualdades educacionais, são revisadas, conceitualmente, algumas das principais obras sobre a temática da justiça curricular, em circulação no Brasil, dimensionando-as na interface de duas racionalidades predominantes, quais sejam: a redistribuição e o reconhecimento. Inspirado nos escritos políticos de Nancy Fraser, este artigo defenderá como aspecto central para o processo de seleção dos conhecimentos escolares uma forma de justiça curricular centrada nas dimensões da redistribuição, do reconhecimento e da representação. De acordo com o estudo desenvolvido, o conceito de justiça curricular, em sua potencialidade conceitual, pode ser um instrumento coletivo que nos permita promover a defesa da justiça escolar e da qualidade social da educação.

Abstract: This paper presents a theoretical study of the notion of "curricular justice", important concept to think the relationship between social justice and education within the Curriculum Studies. In a context of intensification of educational inequalities, some of the major works on the theme of curriculum justice in circulation in our country are reviewed, conceptually, placing them in two predominant rationales interface - the redistribution and recognition. Inspired by the political writings of Nancy Fraser, this article will defend, as central aspect to the process of school knowledge selection, a form of curricular justice focused on the dimensions of redistribution, recognition and representation. According to the study, the concept of curricular justice, in its conceptual potentiality, can be a collective instrument that allows us to promote the defense of school justice and the social quality of education.

Dimensões históricas das relações entre educação e Serviço Social: elementos para uma revisão crítica / Historical dimensions of relations between education and Social Work: elements for a critical review

Este estudo apresenta um conjunto de referências históricas acerca da relação Educação e Serviço Social, objetivando resgatar interfaces de origem das duas áreas do conhecimento e perceber como foi se estabelecendo a articulação entre a Educação como política pública e sua vinculação ao Serviço Social. Tomamos como materialidade investigativa referenciais teóricos da Educação e do Serviço Social e indicamos que, na constituição histórica das relações entre ambos, ocorrem significativas mudanças de ênfase nas racionalidades políticas e nas formas de intervenção, muito embora o debate sobre as proteções sociais e o combate às desigualdades seja uma constante.

This study presents a set of historical about the relationship Education and Social Work, aiming to rescue source interfaces of the two areas of knowledge and notice how it was establishing the link between Education as Public Policy and its linkage to the Social Work. We take as reference theoretical investigative materiality of Education and Social Work and indicate that, in the historical development of relations between both occur significant changes of emphasis in political rationalities and forms of intervention, although the discussion on social protection and the tackling inequalities it is a constant.

Gestão dos corpos nas mídias contemporâneas: os universitários em pauta

O artigo examina os modos pelos quais nas mídias contemporâneas faz-se possível visibilizar estratégias de gestão doscorpos dos sujeitos universitários. Toma-se como ponto de partida uma pesquisa que analisou o Caderno Vestibular/ZH, suplemento publicado semanalmente pelo jornal Zero Hora (RS) endereçado aos sujeitos em preparação parao ingresso na universidade. Teoricamente a pesquisa aproxima-se dos estudos do filósofo francês Michel Foucault,sobretudo aqueles centrados no conceito de governamentalidade. Analiticamente apontamos que, sob a grade doneoliberalismo americano, os sujeitos universitários são interpelados a administrar seus corpos, tornando-os produtivospara o sucesso em sua vida pessoal e profissional, fazendo com que o eixo dessa gestão opere mais próximo do controlee da regulação do que da disciplina. Enfim, apontamos que a construção de um universitário de sucesso passa pelagestão de seu corpo, um corpo regulado e controlado para competir livre e individualmente nos fluxos neoliberais domercado de trabalho.(AU)

This paper examines how university subjects’ bodies are seen in contemporary media. We take into consideration aresearch work analysing the ‘Caderno Vestibular/ZH’, a supplement Zero Hora newspaper targets to subjects enteringuniversity. In theoretical terms, the research is close to French philosopher Michel Foucault’s studies, particularly thoseworks about governmentality. In analytical terms, we point out that, under the American neoliberalism, universitysubjects are led to manage their bodies to become more apt to success in their personal and professional lives, sothat this management works closer to control and regulation rather than to discipline. Thus we point out that theconstruction of a successful university student includes managing his/her body, a body that is regulated and controlledto compete freely and individually in the neoliberal labour market.(AU)

Este artículo analiza las formas en que los medios de comunicación contemporáneos permite visualizar las estrategiasde manejo de los cuerpos de los sujetos universitarios. Toma como punto de partida para la investigación que examinóla Vestibular/ZH, suplemento semanal publicado por el diario Zero Hora (RS) abordó el tema de la preparación parael ingreso a la universidad. Teóricamente, los enfoques de investigación de los estudios del filósofo francés MichelFoucault, especialmente las centradas en el concepto de gobernabilidad. Analíticamente señaló que debajo de la parrillaneoliberalismo americano asignaturas universitarias tienen el reto de gestionar sus cuerpos, por lo que productivapara el éxito en su vida personal y profesional, por lo que el eje de este gobierno para operar más cerca del controly regulación que la disciplina. Por último, señalar que la construcción de un éxito de la gestión universitaria en sucuerpo, un cuerpo regulado y controlado para competir de forma individual en el mercado libre de trabajo y los flujosde neoliberal.(AU)

La biopiratería de los recursos de la medicina indígena tradicional en el estado Chiapas, México. El caso ICBG-Maya / Biopiracy of the resources of traditional indigenous medicine in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The ICBG-Maya case

Este artículo pretende un breve análisis de la biopiratería experimentada y resistida por parte de los pueblos mayas de Chiapas. Para ello se da cuenta de acuerdos y normas internacionales para la protección de los recursos y conocimientos de los pueblos indígenas; las bases económicas y características, en los ámbitos mundial y nacional, que dan la pauta para la nueva ola de proyectos de bioprospección de los recursos vegetales de la medicina indígena tradicional, dirigida por los países del norte hacia los del sur; algunas experiencias de su implantación en Sudamérica y otros países subdesarrollados; se explican los elementos más importantes del proyecto de bioprospección denominado «Investigación farmacéutica y uso sustentable del conocimiento etnobotánico y biodiversidad en la Región Maya de Los Altos de Chiapas, México¼, que fue operado por parte de El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Ecosur, la Universidad de Georgia ­con apoyo económico del gobierno de Estados Unidos­ y la compañía biotecnológica molecular Nature Limited de Gales, Reino Unido; por último, se describe la lucha que llevó a cabo el Consejo de Médicos y Parteras Indígenas Tradicionales de Chiapas, Compitch, para que fuera cancelado el mencionado proyecto, así como algunas propuestas alternativas de Compitch a este proyecto de biopiratería.