The representation of authors of color in schizophrenia research articles published in high-impact psychiatric journals.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluate how often scholars of color publish papers on schizophrenia in high-impact psychiatric journals, and whether they are more likely than white authors to prioritize race/ethnicity as a primary variable of interest in analyses. METHODS: Prior work categorized the types of ethnoracial analyses reported in 474 papers about schizophrenia published in high-impact psychiatric journals between 2014 and 2016. In this study, the photographs of the first and last author for each paper were coded as "person of color" (POC) or "white". Additionally, each author was asked to self-report their race and ethnicity. The percentage of papers published by white versus POC authors was calculated. Chi-square analyses tested the hypotheses that (a) white scholars are more likely than POC scholars to conduct any sort of racial analysis; (b) POC scholars are more likely to conduct primary analyses by race/ethnicity; and (c) white scholars are more likely to analyze race/ethnicity as extraneous variables. RESULTS: Eighteen percent of papers were published by POC first authors, and 17% were published by POC last authors. There were minimal differences in the types of analyses conducted by POC and white authors. Self-reported race/ethnicity showed that Asian scholars were the most highly represented within POC authors (9% of respondents), but only 3% of authors identified as Hispanic/Latinx and none identified as Black or Indigenous American. CONCLUSIONS: People of color are underrepresented as authors in US-based schizophrenia research published in high-impact journals. Culturally-informed mentorship as well as prioritization of race/ethnicity in funding structures are important to increase representation of POC authors.

Physical activity for the chronically ill and disabled.

Exercise prescription principles for persons without chronic disease and/or disability are based on well developed scientific information. While there are varied objectives for being physically active, including enhancing physical fitness, promoting health by reducing the risk for chronic disease and ensuring safety during exercise participation, the essence of the exercise prescription is based on individual interests, health needs and clinical status, and therefore the aforementioned goals do not always carry equal weight. In the same manner, the principles of exercise prescription for persons with chronic disease and/or disability should place more emphasis on the patient's clinical status and, as a result, the exercise mode, intensity, frequency and duration are usually modified according to their clinical condition. Presently, these exercise prescription principles have been scientifically defined for clients with coronary heart disease. However, other diseases and/or disabilities have been studied less (e.g. renal failure, cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, cerebral palsy). This article reviews these issues with specific reference to persons with chronic diseases and disabilities.

The role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

Obesity is epidemic in the United States today and on the rise in children. The consequences of physical inactivity, poor diet, and excessive television produce obese children. Lack of regular physical exercise contributes to a child's likelihood to be obese, while a program of exercise can reverse an unhealthy lifestyle. Weight loss and/or gain can be simply represented by the laws of thermodynamics and serve as the basis for understanding the role of physical activity and exercise interventions. General endurance training and sustained activities are among several exercise strategies recommended to prevent or treat obesity.

Erythrodermic mycosis fungoides treated with total body irradiation and autologous bone marrow transplantation.

We describe a middle-aged man with aggressive erythrodermic mycosis fungoides whose responses to several well-established therapies for the disease were either poor or short-lived. Infusion of antibodies engineered against cells expressing the CD4 molecule produced little response. Total body irradiation coupled with autologous bone marrow transplantation led to an encouraging but unfortunately unsustained improvement.

Cutaneous vasculitis presenting on the penis.

Cutaneous vasculitis is frequently located on the lower limbs. We describe a patient who developed palpable purpura affecting the penis as the presenting sign of more widespread lesions of Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

Strength training and the immature athlete: an overview.

The developing musculoskeletal structures of the immature athlete are uniquely susceptible to injury, particularly at the physes. These growth plates are present in arm and leg bones, and some may not close until the late teen years. Early literature suggested that weight training might be inappropriate for these athletes. However, recent evidence suggests that, properly done, strength/resistance training may not only be safe, it may also help reduce the risk of injury for the young athletes. Nurses are often called upon to advise coaches of formal and community athletic programs, and need to know the underlying physiology of developing bone and muscle as well as the current recommendations related to training.

Should general practitioners refer more patients to hospital?

Twenty-two patients with skin problems were identified on the basis that their general practitioner was satisfied with their management and had no intention of referring them to hospital. These patients were reviewed by one of two dermatologists who made treatment recommendations in 14 cases, and these suggestions were taken up by 11 patients. Six patients reported definite subjective improvement in their skin condition six weeks later. The general practitioners found the consultation valuable in 17 cases. Although these patients might have improved without the dermatologists' intervention, a group of patients may exist who would benefit from specialist advice, even though that advice has not been sought. Restriction on hospital referrals could therefore be detrimental to patient care. Controlled trials could be conducted to determine the benefit of specialist advice on patients not currently seen in hospital.

Streptococcus milleri causing treatable infection in perineal hidradenitis suppurativa.

Streptococcus milleri was isolated from the active lesions of three patients with perineal hidradenitis suppurativa. In each patient, elimination of this organism by appropriate antibiotic therapy was accompanied by marked clinical improvement.

A case of small-cell Sézary's syndrome with null-cell features.

A case of the small-cell variant of Sézary's syndrome (SS) is reported in which the SS cells lacked the surface-marker characteristics of both T- and B-cells. In particular, the SS cells failed to form E-rosettes even with a sensitive technique using 2-amino-ethylisothiouronium bromide (AET)-treated sheep red blood cells. The significance of these findings is briefly considered in relation to the existing literature.