ABSTRACT
Base excision repair (BER) is the primary DNA repair pathway that corrects base lesions that arise due to oxidative, alkylation, deamination, and depurinatiation/depyrimidination damage. BER facilitates the repair of damaged DNA via two general pathways - short-patch and long-patch. The shortpatch BER pathway leads to a repair tract of a single nucleotide. Alternatively, the long-patch BER pathway produces a repair tract of at least two nucleotides. The BER pathway is initiated by one of many DNA glycosylases, which recognize and catalyze the removal of damaged bases. The completion of the BER pathway is accomplished by the coordinated action of at least three additional enzymes. These downstream enzymes carry out strand incision, gap-filling and ligation. The high degree of BER conservation between E. coli and mammals has lead to advances in our understanding of mammalian BER. This review will provide a general overview of the mammalian BER pathway. (Part of a Multi-author Review).
Subject(s)
DNA Damage/physiology , DNA Glycosylases/metabolism , DNA Repair Enzymes/metabolism , DNA Repair/physiology , Models, Molecular , Alkylation , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Bacterial Proteins/chemistry , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded , DNA Glycosylases/chemistry , DNA Glycosylases/genetics , DNA Repair Enzymes/chemistry , DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics , Fungal Proteins/chemistry , Fungal Proteins/genetics , Fungal Proteins/metabolism , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Oxidation-Reduction , Protein ConformationABSTRACT
Intramedullary lesions caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis have been rarely described. Its diagnosis may be challenging and surgical approach is indicated for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. We hereby report a case with MRI and surgical findings in a 45 year-old woman with intramedullary paracoccidioidomycosis, and make a review of other cases presented in the literature.
