Transformers for extracting breast cancer information from Spanish clinical narratives.

The wide adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) offers immense potential as a source of support for clinical research. However, previous studies focused on extracting only a limited set of medical concepts to support information extraction in the cancer domain for the Spanish language. Building on the success of deep learning for processing natural language texts, this paper proposes a transformer-based approach to extract named entities from breast cancer clinical notes written in Spanish and compares several language models. To facilitate this approach, a schema for annotating clinical notes with breast cancer concepts is presented, and a corpus for breast cancer is developed. Results indicate that both BERT-based and RoBERTa-based language models demonstrate competitive performance in clinical Named Entity Recognition (NER). Specifically, BETO and multilingual BERT achieve F-scores of 93.71% and 94.63%, respectively. Additionally, RoBERTa Biomedical attains an F-score of 95.01%, while RoBERTa BNE achieves an F-score of 94.54%. The findings suggest that transformers can feasibly extract information in the clinical domain in the Spanish language, with the use of models trained on biomedical texts contributing to enhanced results. The proposed approach takes advantage of transfer learning techniques by fine-tuning language models to automatically represent text features and avoiding the time-consuming feature engineering process.

[Results of surveys to users of IMSS children daycare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Resultados de encuestas a usuarios de guarderías IMSS durante la pandemia por COVID-19.

Background: Studies carried out in Mexico show that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted families in every field. Confinement has generated problems and economic, social and health instability in a large sector of the population, especially in the most vulnerable, to which children and adolescents are part of. Objective: To identify the impact of the confinement and closure of children daycare centers from the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) derived from the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: Three questionnaire-type surveys were implemented via email for workers who were users of IMSS children daycare centers from September to November 2020. The surveys had a perception design, one- and two-stage, simple random and with results by segments. Results were obtained for independent proportions. The z-test was applied at 95% confidence. Results: Effects on workers and child users of the service derived from the closure of children daycare centers were observed, and it was greater in entities with closed children daycare centers than with those ones in operation (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The negative impact derived from the closure of children daycare centers due to the confinement by COVID-19 in workers who use the service and their children was identified. The spheres with the greatest impact were the economic, the working environment, as well as the children's health (and their families).

Introducción: : estudios realizados en México muestran que la pandemia por COVID-19 ha impactado de forma negativa a las familias en todos los ámbitos. El confinamiento ha generado problemas e inestabilidad económica, social y en la salud en un gran sector de la población, especialmente en el más vulnerable, donde se encuentran los niños y adolescentes. Objetivo: identificar el impacto del confinamiento y el cierre de guarderías del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) derivado de la pandemia por COVID-19. Material y métodos: se aplicaron vía correo electrónico tres encuestas tipo cuestionario a trabajadores usuarios del servicio de guardería del IMSS de septiembre a noviembre de 2020. Las encuestas tenían diseño de percepción uni y bietápico, aleatorio simple y con resultados por segmentos. Se obtuvieron resultados para proporciones independientes. Se aplicó el z-test con un 95% de confianza. Resultados: se observó afectación en los trabajadores y en los niños usuarios del servicio derivado del cierre de las guarderías del IMSS, la cual fue mayor en las entidades con guarderías cerradas que en aquellas en operación (p < 0.0001). Conclusiones: se identificó el impacto negativo derivado del cierre de guarderías IMSS por el confinamiento por COVID-19 en trabajadores usuarios del servicio y sus hijos. Los ámbitos con más afectación fueron el económico, el laboral, así como la salud de los niños (y sus familias).

Patrones de susceptibilidad de gramnegativos en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel: 2013 vs. 2018 / Gram-negative susceptibility patterns in a tertiary pediatric hospital: 2013 vs. 2018

Resumen Introducción: Los gramnegativos continúan siendo los causantes de infecciones asociadas a la atención a la salud (IAAS). Material y métodos:: Analizamos la resistencia antimicrobiana de patógenos durante el 2013 vs. 2018 y lo comparamos con lo publicado en 2006 vs. 2012. Resultados: Identificamos nueve patógenos gramnegativos, de un total de 404 aislamientos, con una prevalencia en 2013 (N = 227 [0.22]) vs. 2018 (N = 177 [0.17]) y una incidencia por egresos (6,607 en el 2013 y 7,778 en el 2018) del 3.4 y 2.2% respectivamente. Destacaron tres patógenos: Klebsiella pneumoniae (129 [31.93%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85 [21.03%]) y Escherichia coli (80 [19.80%]). Estos, llamados patógenos ESKAPE-E, prevalecieron como causantes de IAAS. Identificamos un aumento en los patrones de resistencia para muchos patógenos en 2018. Conclusión: La multirresistencia a patógenos ESKAPE-E es un serio problema de salud pública, por carecer de alternativas terapéuticas para enfrentar este reto. Los mapas de resistencia bacteriana ayudan en la prescripción antibiótica.

Abstract Background: Gram-negatives continue to be the cause of infections associated with health care (HCAI). Material and methods: We analyzed the antimicrobial resistance of pathogens during 2013 vs. 2018 and we compare it with what was published in 2006 vs. 2012. Results: We identified 9 gram-negative pathogens, out of a total of 404 isolates, with a prevalence in 2013 (N = 227 [0.22]) vs. 2018 (N = 177 [0.17]) and an incidence due to discharges (6,607 in 2013 and 7,778 in 2018) of 3.4 and 2.2%, respectively.Three pathogens stood out Klebsiella pneumoniae (129 [31.93%]), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (85 [21.03%]) and Escherichia coli (80 [19.80%]). These, called ESKAPE-E pathogens, prevailed as the cause of HCAI. We identified an increase in resistance patterns for many pathogens in 2018. Conclusion: Multi-resistance to ESKAPE-E pathogens is a serious public health problem, due to the lack of therapeutic alternatives to face this challenge. Bacterial resistance maps help in antibiotic prescription.

Crioconservación seminal en peces de agua dulce: aspectos biotecnológicos, celulares y bioquímicos / Seminal Cryopreservation in Freshwater Fish: Biotechnological, Cellular and Biochemical Aspects / Criopreservação Seminal em Peixes de Água Doce: Aspectos Biotecnológicos, Celulares e Bioquímicos

Resumen La crioconservación es una herramienta biotecnológica que en peces está orientada principalmente a la conservación criogénica de semen como estrategia de preservación del recurso genético y a su uso para la producción de alevinos con fines diferentes. Actualmente, los protocolos de crioconservación seminal en peces de agua dulce establecen una amplia variedad de procedimientos cuya efectividad se basa en aspectos ligados a la calidad seminal post-descongelación y la fertilidad, así como su relación con el desarrollo de la progenie. El efecto de la conservación del semen en nitrógeno líquido por periodos amplios de tiempo también toma importancia en ésta biotecnología. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de la presente revisión es describir aspectos biotecnológicos, celulares y bioquímicos asociados al proceso de crioconservación seminal en peces dulceacuícolas, resaltando los avances, las limitaciones y sus perspectivas.

Abstract Cryopreservation is a biotechnological tool that in fish is mainly aimed at cryogenic conservation of semen as a strategy for preserving the genetic resource and its use for the production of fingerlings with different purposes. Currently, seminal cryopreservation protocols in freshwater fish establish a wide variety of procedures whose effectiveness is based on aspects linked to seminal post-thaw quality and fertility, as well as its relationship with the development of the progeny. The effect of preserving semen in liquid nitrogen for extended periods of time also plays an important role in this biotechnology. Therefore, the objective of this review is to describe biotechnological, cellular and biochemical aspects associated with the seminal cryopreservation process in freshwater fish, highlighting the advances, limitations and perspectives.

Resumo A criopreservação é uma ferramenta biotecnológica que em peixes visa principalmente a conservação criogênica do sêmen como estratégia para a preservação do recurso genético e sua utilização para a produção de alevinos para diferentes fins. Atualmente, os protocolos de criopreservação seminal em peixes de água doce estabelecem uma ampla variedade de procedimentos cuja eficácia se baseia em aspectos relacionados à qualidade e fertilidade pós-descongelamento seminal, bem como sua relação com o desenvolvimento da progênie. O efeito da preservação do sêmen no nitrogênio líquido por longos períodos de tempo também desempenha um papel importante nessa biotecnologia. Portanto, o objetivo desta revisão é descrever aspectos biotecnológicos, celulares e bioquímicos associados ao processo de criopreservação seminal em peixes de água doce, destacando os avanços, limitações e perspectivas.

[Experience in Obstructive Hyperthrophic Myocardiopathy Surgery at a National Reference Center]. / Experiencia en Cirugía de Miocardiopatía Hipertrófica Obstructiva en un Centro de Referencia Nacional.

Objectives: To identify the clinical characteristics, analyze the results and show the efficacy of surgical treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOC), in a national reference institute. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, case series of patients with the diagnosis of HOC operated at the National Cardiovascular Institute, was performed between December 2016 and January 2019. We analyzed the postoperative evolution of symptomatology, functional class (FC), left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) and mitral regurgitation (MR). Results: Thirteen cases with HOC undergoing extended septal myectomy were evaluated. 31% were women and the average age was 39.6 years. Before surgical treatment, 85% were in functional class (FC) III-IV, 85% of patients had severe MR, the mean septum thickness was 27 mm (range from 19 to 39 mm), and mean LVOTG was 111 mmHg (range from 60 to 150 mmHg). After surgical treatment we found improvement of the functional class (69% in FC I) and the degree of MR (92% with zero or minimal), and reduction of mean LVOTG to 16 mmHg (range from 6 to 35 mmHg). Simultaneous surgery of the mitral valve was performed in 7 patients (54%). Conclusions: Our experience in HOC surgery is good. The treatment of both myocardial and valve components allows reducing LVOTG and correcting MR.

First Star-Forming Structures in Fuzzy Cosmic Filaments.

In hierarchical models of structure formation, the first galaxies form in low-mass dark matter potential wells, probing the behavior of dark matter on kiloparsec scales. Even though these objects are below the detection threshold of current telescopes, future missions will open an observational window into this emergent world. In this Letter, we investigate how the first galaxies are assembled in a "fuzzy" dark matter (FDM) cosmology where dark matter is an ultralight ∼10^{-22} eV boson and the primordial stars are expected to form along dense dark matter filaments. Using a first-of-its-kind cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, we explore the interplay between baryonic physics and unique wavelike features inherent to FDM. In our simulation, the dark matter filaments show coherent interference patterns on the boson de Broglie scale and develop cylindrical solitonlike cores, which are unstable under gravity and collapse into kiloparsec-scale spherical solitons. Features of the dark matter distribution are largely unaffected by the baryonic feedback. On the contrary, the distributions of gas and stars, which do form along the entire filament, exhibit central cores imprinted by dark matter-a smoking gun signature of FDM.

Zika como causa de aborto espontáneo en zonas endémicas / Zika as a cause of spontaneous abortion in endemic areas

Resumen Introducción: Aunque en la mayoría de los casos la infección por el virus del Zika (ZIKV) causa enfermedad febril sin complicaciones, en mujeres embarazadas es causa reconocida de alteraciones congénitas y muerte fetal. La microcefalia es la característica descrita con mayor frecuencia en el síndrome congénito por este virus. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino de 23 años de edad que cursaba la novena semana de gestación (SDG) por la fecha de la última menstruación y la 10.3 SDG por ultrasonido. Acudió a los servicios de salud por presentar un cuadro clínico compatible con infección por el ZIKV, la cual se confirmó por estudios de laboratorio. A las 18.6 SDG se documentó feto único sin movimientos, con datos de microcefalia, tórax con área cardiaca sin actividad, placenta corporal anterior con calcificación en el 30% e imagen probable de lago venoso versus quiste placentario. La paciente ingresó en urgencias por aborto diferido. Se indujo el trabajo de parto y se obtuvo por vía vaginal un producto masculino de 80 g, con perímetro cefálico de 9 cm. El análisis del cordón umbilical por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con retrotranscriptasa confirmó el diagnóstico de síndrome congénito por ZIKV. Conclusiones: Durante el embarazo debe sospecharse la infección por ZIKV para realizar un diagnóstico oportuno y ofrecer una atención integral. La pérdida del producto de la concepción en estas pacientes se ha documentado, y se ha encontrado ARN del ZIKV en las biopsias de las vellosidades coriónicas, lo que podría sugerir el aborto espontáneo de manera temprana durante la viremia.

Abstract Background: Although in most cases Zika is an uncomplicated febrile disease, in pregnant women is a recognized cause of congenital disorders. Microcephaly is the characteristic most frequently described in the congenital Zika virus syndrome, and the diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation. Case report: A 23-year-old female on the ninth week of pregnancy by date of last menstrual period and 10.3 weeks by ultrasound, attended to Health Services, presenting clinical manifestations of Zika infection, which was later confirmed by laboratory tests. In her 18.6 weeks of pregnancy, a non-mobile single fetus was documented. Additional findings were microcephaly, lack of thorax with cardiac activity, anterior corporal placenta with 30% calcification, and an image of probable venous lake versus placental cyst. She was admitted to the emergency room for late abortion and labor was induced, obtaining an 80 g male product with head circumference of 9 cm. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis on the umbilical cord was positive for Zika virus. Conclusions: Zika infection during pregnancy must be suspected and diagnosed promptly to offer comprehensive care. The loss of conception in these patients has been documented with results of chorionic villus biopsies, finding Zika virus RNA and suggesting spontaneous abortion early during viremia.

Zika as a cause of spontaneous abortion in endemic areas.

Background: Although in most cases Zika is an uncomplicated febrile disease, in pregnant women is a recognized cause of congenital disorders. Microcephaly is the characteristic most frequently described in the congenital Zika virus syndrome, and the diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation. Case report: A 23-year-old female on the ninth week of pregnancy by date of last menstrual period and 10.3 weeks by ultrasound, attended to Health Services, presenting clinical manifestations of Zika infection, which was later confirmed by laboratory tests. In her 18.6 weeks of pregnancy, a non-mobile single fetus was documented. Additional findings were microcephaly, lack of thorax with cardiac activity, anterior corporal placenta with 30% calcification, and an image of probable venous lake versus placental cyst. She was admitted to the emergency room for late abortion and labor was induced, obtaining an 80 g male product with head circumference of 9 cm. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis on the umbilical cord was positive for Zika virus. Conclusions: Zika infection during pregnancy must be suspected and diagnosed promptly to offer comprehensive care. The loss of conception in these patients has been documented with results of chorionic villus biopsies, finding Zika virus RNA and suggesting spontaneous abortion early during viremia.

Introducción: Aunque en la mayoría de los casos la infección por el virus del Zika (ZIKV) causa enfermedad febril sin complicaciones, en mujeres embarazadas es causa reconocida de alteraciones congénitas y muerte fetal. La microcefalia es la característica descrita con mayor frecuencia en el síndrome congénito por este virus. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino de 23 años de edad que cursaba la novena semana de gestación (SDG) por la fecha de la última menstruación y la 10.3 SDG por ultrasonido. Acudió a los servicios de salud por presentar un cuadro clínico compatible con infección por el ZIKV, la cual se confirmó por estudios de laboratorio. A las 18.6 SDG se documentó feto único sin movimientos, con datos de microcefalia, tórax con área cardiaca sin actividad, placenta corporal anterior con calcificación en el 30% e imagen probable de lago venoso versus quiste placentario. La paciente ingresó en urgencias por aborto diferido. Se indujo el trabajo de parto y se obtuvo por vía vaginal un producto masculino de 80 g, con perímetro cefálico de 9 cm. El análisis del cordón umbilical por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con retrotranscriptasa confirmó el diagnóstico de síndrome congénito por ZIKV. Conclusiones: Durante el embarazo debe sospecharse la infección por ZIKV para realizar un diagnóstico oportuno y ofrecer una atención integral. La pérdida del producto de la concepción en estas pacientes se ha documentado, y se ha encontrado ARN del ZIKV en las biopsias de las vellosidades coriónicas, lo que podría sugerir el aborto espontáneo de manera temprana durante la viremia.

Crioconservación seminal de Colossoma macropomum como estrategia de producción y conservación en la Orinoquia Colombiana / Seminal cryopreservation of Colossoma macropomum as a production and conservation strategy in the Colombian Orinoquia / Criopreservação seminal de Colossoma macropomum como estratégia de produção e conservação na Orinoquia Colombiana

Resumen La Cachama negra (Colossoma macropomum) es un pez nativo de Sur América. En Colombia, no hay estudios publicados sobre protocolos estandarizados para su crioconservación seminal. La implementación de esta biotecnología permitiría su producción comercial continua e introducción en bancos de recursos genéticos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la crioconservación sobre el semen de C. macropomum sometido a diferentes crioprotectores y sistemas de empaque con miras a consolidar un protocolo eficiente para la especie. Se utilizó semen de tres machos sexualmente maduros (4.6 ± 1.6 kg). El semen fue diluido en una proporción 1:4 usando tres diferentes agentes crioprotectores (Dimetilsulfoxido 10% [DMSO], Metanol 10% [MET], Etilenglicol 5% [ETG]) con o sin la inclusión de yema de huevo 12% (YH) y glucosa 5.5%. Además, fueron evaluados dos sistemas de empaque (pajillas de 0.5 ml y macrotubos de 2.0 ml), las cuales fueron expuestas a vapores de nitrógeno líquido (NL) y luego almacenadas durante 8 meses. El semen fue descongelado en baño de agua a 37°C por 60 s y se determinó la motilidad masal (%) [MM], duración de la motilidad (s) [DM], integridad de membrana plasmática (%) [IMP] y fertilidad (%). La motilidad postdescongelación en todos los tratamientos fue significativamente diferente (P<0,05) al control siendo MET 2.0 ml el mejor (53 ± 5.8%). Respecto al control la DM tuvo un comportamiento similar para todos los tratamientos siendo solo diferente significativamente para ETG+YH 0.5 ml. La IMP se mantuvo sin diferencias significativas en MET 2.0 ml con respecto al control. La fertilidad fue significativamente menor en la mayoría de tratamientos con YH, siendo MET 2.0 ml el mejor (94.7 ± 0.6%). En conclusión, el semen de Colossoma macropomum es susceptible de crioconservación no siendo necesaria la utilización de YH en los diluyentes.

Abstract Cachama Negra (Colossoma macropomum) it´s a native fish of South America. In Colombia, there are no published studies on standardized protocols about their seminal cryopreservation. The implementation of this biotechnology would allow its continuous commercial production and introduction in genetic resources banks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cryopreservation on C. macropomum sperm subjected to different cryoprotectants and packaging systems in order to consolidate an efficient protocol for this specie. Semen from three sexually mature males (4.6 ± 1.6 kg) was used. The semen was diluted in a 1:4 ratio using three different cryoprotective agents (Dimethylsulfoxide 10% [DMSO], Methanol 10% [MET], Ethylene glycol 5% [ETG]); with or without the inclusion of 12% egg yolk (YH) and glucose 5.5%. In addition, two packing systems were evaluated (0.5 ml straws and 2.0 ml macrotubes), wich were exposed to liquid nitrogen (NL) vapors and then stored for 8 months. The sperm was thawed in a water bath at 37° C for 60 s and was determined the mass motility (%) [MM], motility duration (s) [DM], plasma membrane integrity (%) [IMP] and fertility (%). Post-thaw motility in all treatments was significantly different (P <0.05) to control, being MET 2.0 ml the best (53 ± 5.8%). Respect to the control the DM had a similar behavior for all treatments, being only significantly different for ETG+YH 0.5 ml. The IMP remained without significant differences in MET 2.0 ml with respect to the control. Fertility was significantly lower in the majority of treatments with YH, being MET 2.0 ml the best (94.7 ± 0.6%). In conclusion, semen of Colossoma macropomum is susceptible to cryopreservation, and the use of YH in diluents is not necessary.

Resumo O tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) é um peixe nativo da América do Sul. Na Colômbia, não há trabalhos publicados sobre protocolos padronizados para sua criopreservação seminal. A implementação dessa biotecnologia permitiria sua produção comercial contínua e sua introdução nos bancos de genes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da criopreservação no sêmen de C. macropomum submetido a diferentes crioprotectores e envases, e poder consolidar um protocolo eficiente para esta espécie. Foi utilizado sêmen de três machos sexualmente maduros (4.6 ± 1.6 kg). O sémen foi diluído em uma proporção 1:4 usando três diferentes agentes crioprotectores (10% de dimetil sulfóxido [DMSO], 10% de Metanol [MET] Etileno glicol 5% [ETG]), com e sem a presencia de gema de ovo ao 12% (YH) e glucose a 5.5%. Além foram avaliados dos sistemas de envase (palhetas de 0.5 ml e 2.0 ml de macrotubos) que foram expostos a vapores de nitrogênio líquido (NL) e armazenados por 8 meses em NL. O sémen foi descongelado em banho-água a 37 ° C durante 60 segundos e determinou-se a motilidade massal (%) [MM], duração de motilidade (s) [DM], a integridade da membrana plasmática (%) [IMP] e Fertilidade (%). A motilidade pós-descongelação nos tratamentos foi significativamente diferente (P<0.05) sendo a melhor combinação MET 2.0 ml (53 ± 5.8%) comprados com o controle. Em relação ao controle, o DM teve um comportamento similar para todos os tratamentos sendo significativamente diferente para o ETG+YH 0.5 ml. O IMP permaneceu sem diferenças significativas no MET 2.0 ml em relação ao controle. A fertilidade foi significativamente menor na maioria dos tratamentos com YH, sendo o MET 2.0 ml o melhor (94.7 ± 0.6%). Em conclusão, o sêmen Colossoma macropomum é suscetível à criopreservação e o uso de YH em diluentes não é necessário.

Parámetros genéticos para características de crecimiento, canal, calidad y espinas intramusculares en cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) / Genetic parameters for growth, carcass, quality and intramuscular spine traits in white blanca (Piaractus brachypomus)

RESUMEN Los temas de la acuicultura en los que se requiere innovación e investigación están orientados al mejoramiento y al conocimiento genético de especies nativas. En este sentido, el presente estudio se concentró en estimar heredabilidades, correlaciones genéticas y fenotípicas para características de crecimiento, canal, calidad y espinas intramusculares derechas (EIMD), en cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus). La progenie de 12 hembras y 24 machos por fertilización artificial de una hembra por dos machos, es decir, doce familias de hermanos medios, fueron analizados por medio del paquete estadístico SAS 9.4 (SAS®, 2014). Se asumió un modelo lineal general univariado, con inclusión de los efectos fijos, como factores de entorno, estanque y edad y factores genéticos, como efectos aleatorios. Las heredabilidades, en general, para las variables de crecimiento, mostraron valores de medios a altos; para las variables de la canal presentaron valores bajos a medios; para las variables de calidad fueron bajos y, de particular interés para la EIMD, la magnitud de la estima fue de 0,11 ± 0,15. Las correlaciones estuvieron, generalmente, cercanas a la unidad entre características de crecimiento. Estas fueron significativamente positivas para peso corporal, a 180 días de edad, con la mayoría de variables, a diferencia con las variables de calidad, la correlación para rendimiento en canal con EIMD de -0,99 fue encontrada significativamente negativa. Los resultados del estudio destacan el potencial para mejorar características de crecimiento, de canal y de calidad, a través de la explotación de la variación genética aditiva observada.

ABSTRACT The topics of aquaculture in which innovation and research are required are directed towards the improvement and genetic knowledge of native species. In this sense the present study concentrated on the estimation of heritabilities, genetic and phenotypic correlations for growth, carcass, quality and right intramuscular spines (RIMS) in white cachama (Piaractus brachypomus). The progeny of 12 females and 24 males by artificial fertilization of a female by two males, that is to say twelve half-sib families, were analyzed by means of the statistical package SAS 9.4 (SAS®, 2014), assumed an univariate general linear model with inclusion of Fixed effects such as environmental factors, pond and age as fixed effects and genetic factors as random effects. Heritabilities in general for growth variables showed medium to high values; for carcass variables, presented low to medium values; And for the quality variables were low; For the RIMS the magnitude of the estimate was 0,11 ± 0,15. The correlations were generally close to unity between growth characteristics. These were significantly positive for body weight at 180 days of age with most variables unlike quality variables; the correlation for channel performance with RIMS of -0.99 was found to be significantly negative. The results of the study highlight the potential to improve growth, carcass and quality traits through the exploitation of the additive genetic variation observed in this study.

Effects of sustained daily latanoprost application on anterior chamber anatomy and physiology in mice.

Latanoprost is a common glaucoma medication. Here, we study longitudinal effects of sustained latanoprost treatment on intraocular pressure (IOP) in C57BL/6J mice, as well as two potential side-effects, changes in iris pigmentation and central corneal thickness (CCT). Male C57BL/6J mice were treated daily for 16 weeks with latanoprost. Control mice were treated on the same schedule with the preservative used with latanoprost, benzalkonium chloride (BAK), or handled, without ocular treatments. IOP and CCT were studied at pre-treatment, 2 "early" time points, and 2 "late" time points; slit-lamp analysis performed at a late time point; and expression of corneal and iridial candidate genes analyzed at the end of the experiment. Latanoprost lowered IOP short, but not long-term. Sustained application of BAK consistently resulted in significant corneal thinning, whereas sustained treatment with latanoprost resulted in smaller and less consistent changes. Neither treatment affected iris pigmentation, corneal matrix metalloprotease expression or iridial pigment-related genes expression. In summary, latanoprost initially lowered IOP in C57BL/6J mice, but became less effective with sustained treatment, likely due to physiological adaptation. These results identify a new resource for studying changes in responsiveness associated with long-term treatment with latanoprost and highlight detrimental effects of commonly used preservative BAK.

Galaxy formation with BECDM - I. Turbulence and relaxation of idealized haloes.

We present a theoretical analysis of some unexplored aspects of relaxed Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter (BECDM) haloes. This type of ultralight bosonic scalar field dark matter is a viable alternative to the standard cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm, as it makes the same large-scale predictions as CDM and potentially overcomes CDM's small-scale problems via a galaxy-scale de Broglie wavelength. We simulate BECDM halo formation through mergers, evolved under the Schrödinger-Poisson equations. The formed haloes consist of a soliton core supported against gravitational collapse by the quantum pressure tensor and an asymptotic r-3 NFW-like profile. We find a fundamental relation of the core-to-halo mass with the dimensionless invariant Ξ ≡ |E|/M3/(Gm/h)2 or Mc/M ≃ 2.6Ξ1/3, linking the soliton to global halo properties. For r ≥ 3.5 rc core radii, we find equipartition between potential, classical kinetic and quantum gradient energies. The haloes also exhibit a conspicuous turbulent behaviour driven by the continuous reconnection of vortex lines due to wave interference. We analyse the turbulence 1D velocity power spectrum and find a k-1.1 power law. This suggests that the vorticity in BECDM haloes is homogeneous, similar to thermally-driven counterflow BEC systems from condensed matter physics, in contrast to a k-5/3 Kolmogorov power law seen in mechanically-driven quantum systems. The mode where the power spectrum peaks is approximately the soliton width, implying that the soliton-sized granules carry most of the turbulent energy in BECDM haloes.

Efecto del protocolo de inducción hormonal en la espermiación y las características seminales de yaque ( Leiarius marmoratus ) / Effect of hormone induction protocol in the spermiation and seminal characteristics of yaque (Leiarius marmoratus) / Efeito do protocolo de indução hormonal sobre a spermiação e as características do sêmen do yaque (Leiarius marmoratus)

Resumen El yaque Leiarius marmoratus, es una especie de siluriforme nativo con gran potencial para la diversificación de la acuicultura colombiana; sin embargo, la espermiación en cautiverio aún presenta dificultades debido al bajo volumen seminal liberado con los protocolos de inducción tradicionales. En consecuencia, el objetivo fue evaluar los efectos de cinco protocolos de inducción hormonal, basados en Extracto de Hipófisis de Carpa (EHC), sGnRHa + domperidona (OVAPRIM®) y Gonadotropina Coriónica Humana (GHC) (FERTIVET®), sobre la calidad y volumen seminal de la especie. Fueron seleccionados 18 machos sexualmente maduros de 54,4 ± 2,2 cm de longitud total y 1,6 ± 0,1 kg peso corporal. Se evaluaron 5 tratamientos, así: T1: 0,25 ml/kg (0 h) y 1 ml/kg de OVAPRIM® (12 h); T2: 1 mg/kg de EHC (0 h) y 3 mg/kg de EHC (12 h); T3: dosis única de 200 UI/kg de GCH; T4: 3 mg/kg de EHC (0 h) y 200 UI/Kg de GHC (8h); T5: 1 ml/kg de OVAPRIM® (0h) y 200 UI/kg de GHC (8h); Control: 1 ml de suero fisiológico. El semen se colecto 6 h después de aplicada la última dosis hormonal. El T1 y T5 mostraron un volumen mayor (p<0,05) (5,4 ± 1,1; 4,8 ± 1,2 ml) cuando comparados con T2 (3,1 ± 1ml), T3 (2,3 ml) T4 (2,4 ± 1,1 ml) y el control (0,2 ml). En cuanto a la movilidad y tiempo de activación, T1 y T5 presentaron los mejores resultados (90 ± 0% y 54,2 ± 7 s; 90 ± 0% y 52,9 ± 3,8 s, respectivamente). La concentración espermática fue mayor (p<0,05) en T2 y T5 (1,275 ± 322; y 1,261 ± 225 sptz x 103/µl) comparadas con los otros tratamientos. Se concluye que la inducción hormonal con OVAPRIM® combinada con HCG, son efectivas para la producción seminal en la especie.

Abstract The yaque Leiarius marmoratus is specie of native silurid, with great potential for the diversification of the colombian aquaculture; however, the spermiation in captive yet presents difficulties due to the low seminal volume released with traditional induction protocols. In consequence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of five protocols of hormonal induction based on carp pituitary extract (EHC), sGnRHa + domperidone (OVAPRIM®) and human chorionic gonadotropin (GHC) (FERTIVET®) on seminal quality and volume of the specie. Were selected 18 sexually mature males of 54,4 ± 2,2 cm in total length and 1,6 ± 0,1 kg body weight. 5 treatments were evaluated so: T1 : 0,25 ml/kg (0 h) and 1 ml/kg of OVAPRIM® (12 h ); T2: 1 mg/kg of EHC (0 h) and 3 mg/kg of EHC (12 h) ; T3 : single dose of 200 UI/kg HCG; T4: 3 mg/kg of EHC (0 h) and 200 UI /kg GHC (8h) ; T5: 1 ml/kg of OVAPRIM® (0h) and 200 U.I / kg of GHC (8h) ; Control: 1 ml of saline solution. Semen was obtained 6 hours after the last dose hormone. T1 and T5 showed a larger volume (p<0.05) (5,4 ± 1,1, 4,8 ± 1,2 ml) compared to T2 (3,1 ± 1ml), T3 (2,3 ml) T4 (2,4 ± 1.1 ml) and control (0.2 ml). Regarding motility and activation time, T1 and T5 had the best results (90 ± 0 % and 54,2 ± 7 s; 90 ± 0 % and 52,9 ± 3,8 s, respectively). The sperm concentration was higher in (p<0,05) T2 and T5 (1,275 ± 322, ± 225 and 1,261 sptz x 103/ul) compared with the other treatments. In conclusion, hormonal induction with OVAPRIM® combined with HCG, are effective for the seminal production in the specie.

Resumo O yaque Leiarius marmoratus, é uma espécie siluriforme nativa com grande potencial para a diversificação da aquicultura colombiana; No entanto, a spermiação em cativeiro ainda apresenta dificuldades devido ao baixo volume seminal liberado com protocolos de indução tradicionais. Por conseguinte, o objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de protocolos de indução de cinco hormonais base de extrato de hipófise de carpa (EHC), sGnRHa + domperidona (Ovaprim®) e Gonadotropina coriónica humana (GHC) (FERTIVET®) sobre a qualidade e volume seminal das espécies. Foram Selecionados 18 machos sexualmente maduros de 54,4 ± 2,2 cm de comprimento total e 1,6 ± 0,1 kg de peso corporal. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos: T1: 0,25 ml / kg (0 h) e 1 ml / kg de OVAPRIM® (12 h); T2: 1 mg / kg de EHC (0 h) e 3 mg / kg de EHC (12 h); T3: dose única de 200 UI / kg de HCG; T4: 3 mg / kg de EHC (0 h) e 200 UI / kg de GHC (8h); T5: 1 ml / kg de OVAPRIM® (0h) e 200 UI / kg de GHC (8h); Controle: 1 ml de solução salina fisiológica. O sêmen foi coletado 6 h após a última dose hormonal foi aplicada. T1 e T5 mostraram um volume maior (p <0,05) (5,4 ± 1,1, 4,8 ± 1,2 ml) quando comparado com T2 (3,1 ± 1 ml), T3 (2,3 ml) T4 (2,4 ± 1,1 ml) e controle (0,2 ml). Em relação à mobilidade e ao tempo de ativação, T1 e T5 apresentaram os melhores resultados (90 ± 0% e 54,2 ± 7 s, 90 ± 0% e 52,9 ± 3,8 s, respectivamente). A concentração de esperma foi maior (p <0,05) em T2 e T5 (1275 ± 322 e 1261 ± 225 sptz x 103 / µl) em comparação com os outros tratamentos. Conclui-se que a indução hormonal com OVAPRIM® combinada com HCG, é efetiva para a produção seminal nas espécies.

SIDM on FIRE: hydrodynamical self-interacting dark matter simulations of low-mass dwarf galaxies.

We compare a suite of four simulated dwarf galaxies formed in 1010 M☉ haloes of collisionless cold dark matter (CDM) with galaxies simulated in the same haloes with an identical galaxy formation model but a non-zero cross-section for DM self-interactions. These cosmological zoom-in simulations are part of the Feedback In Realistic Environments (fire) project and utilize the fire-2 model for hydrodynamics and galaxy formation physics. We find the stellar masses of the galaxies formed in self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) with σ/m = 1 cm2 g-1 are very similar to those in CDM (spanning M ★ ≈ 105.7-7.0 M☉) and all runs lie on a similar stellar mass-size relation. The logarithmic DM density slope (α = d log ρ/d log r) in the central 250-500 pc remains steeper than α = -0.8 for the CDM-Hydro simulations with stellar mass M ★ ~ 106.6 M☉ and core-like in the most massive galaxy. In contrast, every SIDM hydrodynamic simulation yields a flatter profile, with α > -0.4. Moreover, the central density profiles predicted in SIDM runs without baryons are similar to the SIDM runs that include fire-2 baryonic physics. Thus, SIDM appears to be much more robust to the inclusion of (potentially uncertain) baryonic physics than CDM on this mass scale, suggesting that SIDM will be easier to falsify than CDM using low-mass galaxies. Our fire simulations predict that galaxies less massive than M ★ ≲ 3 × 106 M☉ provide potentially ideal targets for discriminating models, with SIDM producing substantial cores in such tiny galaxies and CDM producing cusps.

Incorporation of gradient vector flow field in a multimodal graph-theoretic approach for segmenting the internal limiting membrane from glaucomatous optic nerve head-centered SD-OCT volumes.

The internal limiting membrane (ILM) separates the retina and optic nerve head (ONH) from the vitreous. In the optical coherence tomography volumes of glaucoma patients, while current approaches for the segmentation of the ILM in the peripapillary and macular regions are considered robust, current approaches commonly produce ILM segmentation errors at the ONH due to the presence of blood vessels and/or characteristic glaucomatous deep cupping. Because a precise segmentation of the ILM surface at the ONH is required for computing several newer structural measurements including Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and cup volume, in this study, we propose a multimodal multiresolution graph-based method to precisely segment the ILM surface within ONH-centered spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) volumes. In particular, the gradient vector flow (GVF) field, which is computed from a multiresolution initial segmentation, is employed for calculating a set of non-overlapping GVF-based columns perpendicular to the initial segmentation. The GVF columns are utilized to resample the volume and also serve as the columns to the graph construction. The ILM surface in the resampled volume is fairly smooth and does not contain the steep slopes. This prior shape knowledge along with the blood vessel information, obtained from registered fundus photographs, are incorporated in a graph-theoretic approach in order to identify the location of the ILM surface. The proposed method is tested on the SD-OCT volumes of 44 subjects with various stages of glaucoma and significantly smaller segmentation errors were obtained than that of current approaches.

Evaluación del sistema de marcaje físico visible (V.I.E) en cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus)

La identificación de individuos en la piscicultura se ha venido estableciendo como un proceso estándar, lo que implica la utilización de un sistema de marcaje eficiente, práctico y económico. Este estudio evaluó el sistema de marcaje físico visible (V.I.E) con relación al crecimiento, sobrevivencia, retención y visibilidad en alevinos de cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus). Para este propósito, fueron usados 400 peces en dos experimentos con 200 peces cada uno; experimento 1 (4.5 ± 0.9 g) y experimento 2 (8.26 ± 1.94 g) evaluadas durante un periodo de 30 días, repartidos al azar en 4 tanques de 250 litros. Después de un periodo de aclimatación de 8 días y siguiendo las indicaciones del fabricante, se marcaron 128 peces con 8 colores: Azul, rojo, verde, amarillo, naranja, rosado (fluorescentes), café y morado (no fluorescentes), en dos posiciones corporales (dorso y opérculo) definidas en ensayos preliminares. Los animales no marcados (72) pero sometidos al mismo procedimiento, se utilizaron como control. Los peces en su totalidad, se midieron y pesaron al inicio y al final de cada experimento. Para ninguno de los experimentos se determinó efecto del implante sobre el crecimiento (p<0,05) entre los peces marcados y el control. La sobrevivencia en ambos experimentos fue del 100%. La retención en el dorso y opérculo en promedio para los dos experimentos fue de 94.11% y 57.52%, respectivamente. La visibilidad con luz UV y sin luz UV en el opérculo fue de 96.6% y 77.7% y para el dorso fue de 92.6% y 61.5%, respectivamente. En conclusión la posición más viable para el uso del V.I.E en animales de baja talla, es el dorso debido a su alto porcentaje de retención, preferiblemente utilizando los colores fluorescentes bajo exposición a luz UV.

Identifying individuals in fish-farming has become standard procedure, thereby implying the use of an efficient, practical and economic tagging system. This study evaluated the visible implant elastomer (VIE) system related to growth, survival, retention and visibility in cachama/pacu (Piaractus brachypomus) fry. The study involved using 400 fish in two experiments (200 fish in each experiment): experiments 1 (4.5 ± 0.9 g) and 2 (8.26 ± 1.94 g) were evaluated over a 30-day period, the fry being randomly distributed in four 250-liter tanks. Following an 8-day acclimatisation period, 128 fish were tagged with 8 colours (following the manufacturer's instructions): blue, red, green, yellow, orange, pink (fluorescent), Brown and purple (non-fluorescent); they were tagged on two parts of the body (dorsal/back and operculum/cheek area) which had already been defined in preliminary trials. Untagged fry (72) kept in the same conditions were used as control. All fry were measured and weighed at the start and finish of each experiment. It was determined that the implant/tag had no effect on growth (p<0.05) in either tagged fry or control. The survival of both types of fry in both experiments was 100%. Tag retention in both experiments regarding the back was 94.11% on average and 57.52% for the cheek area. Visibility with UV light was 96.6% on the cheek area and 92.6% for the back and without UV light 77.7% for the cheek area and 61.5% for the back. It can thus be stated that the dorsal/back area is the most viable position for using VIE with low-weight fry due to the high retention percentage, preferably using fluorescent reporters under UV light.

A identificação de indivíduos na piscicultura se tem estabelecido como um processo regular, o que implica a utilização de um sistema de marcação eficiente, prático e económico. Este estudo avaliou o sistema de marcação física visível em relação ao crescimento, sobrevivencia, retenção e visibilidade em alevinos de cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus). Para este propósito, 400 peixes foram usados em dois experimentos com 200 peixes cada, experimento 1 (4.5 ± 0.9 g) e experimento 2 (8.26 ± 1.94 g) avaliados durante um período de 30 dias, repartidos ao acaso em quatro tanques de 250 litros. Uma vez aclimatados os peixes e seguindo as indicações do fabricante, marcaram-se 128 peixes com oito cores: Azul, vermelho, verde, amarelo, laranja, rosado (fluorescentes), café e morado (não fluorescentes), em duas posições corporais (Dorso e opérculo) definidas em ensaios preliminares. Os animais não marcados (72) submetidos ao mesmo procedimento se utilizaram como controle. Os peixes em sua totalidade foram medidos e pesados ao início e ao final da cada experimento. Não foi determinado efeito do implante sobre o crescimento (p<0,05) entre os peixes marcados e o controle para nenhum dos experimentos. A sobrevivência em ambos experimentos foi de 100%. A retenção no dorso e opérculo em média foi de 94.11% e 57.52%, respectivamente para os dois experimentos. A visibilidade com luz UV e sem luz UV no opérculo foi de 96.6 % e 77.7% e para o dorso foi de 92.6% e 61.5%, respectivamente. Em conclusão a posição mais viável para o uso do V.I.E em animais de baixa talha, é o dorso devido a sua alta percentagem de retenção, preferivelmente utilizando as cores fluorescentes baixo exposição a luz UV.

Extrapolation of acenocoumarol pharmacogenetic algorithms.

INTRODUCTION: Acenocoumarol (ACN) has a narrow therapeutic range that is especially difficult to control at the start of its administration. Various dosing pharmacogenetic-guided dosing algorithms have been developed, but further work on their external validation is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extrapolation of pharmacogenetic algorithms for ACN as an alternative to the development of a specific algorithm for a given population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The predictive performance, deviation, accuracy, and clinical significance of five pharmacogenetic algorithms (EU-PACT, Borobia, Rathore, Markatos, Krishna Kumar) were compared in 189 stable ACN patients representing all indications for anticoagulant treatment. RESULTS: The correlation between the dose predictions of the five pharmacogenetic models ranged from 7.7 to 70.6% and the percentage of patients with a correct prediction (deviation ≤20% from actual ACN dose) ranged from 5.9 to 40.7%. EU-PACT and Borobia pharmacogenetic dosing algorithms were the most accurate in our setting and evidenced the best clinical performance. CONCLUSIONS: Among the five models studied, the EU-PACT and Borobia pharmacogenetic dosing algorithms demonstrated the best potential for extrapolation.