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1.
J Zoo Wildl Med ; 52(1): 49-56, 2021 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33827160

ABSTRACT

Lung function (breath duration, respiratory flow [V̇], and tidal volume [VT]), and end-expiratory O2 were measured in 19 adult bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.) while at rest in water or beached for up to 10 min. The results show that inspiratory VT, expiratory VT, or inspiratory V̇ did not differ on land or in water. The average expiratory V̇ for all dolphins on land decreased by 16%, and the expiratory and total breath durations increased by 5% and 4%, respectively, compared with in water. There were temporal changes observed during beaching, where expired and inspired VT and inspired V̇ decreased by 13%, 16%, and 9%, respectively, after 10 min on land. These data suggest that dolphins compensate for the effect of gravity by adjusting respiration to maintain alveolar ventilation and gas exchange, but during extended durations, the increased work of breathing may impede ventilation and gas exchange. Continuous monitoring of lung function and gas exchange may help prevent long-term damage during out-of-water medical procedures, optimize animal transport conditions, and improve survival during stranding events.


Subject(s)
Bottle-Nosed Dolphin/physiology , Respiratory Rate , Tidal Volume , Animals , Female , Male , Pulmonary Gas Exchange , Respiratory Physiological Phenomena
2.
J Exp Biol ; 222(Pt 5)2019 03 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30760549

ABSTRACT

We measured respiratory flow (V̇), breathing frequency (fR), tidal volume (VT), breath duration and end-expired O2 content in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) before and after static surface breath-holds ranging from 34 to 292 s. There was considerable variation in the end-expired O2, VT and fR following a breath-hold. The analysis suggests that the dolphins attempt to minimize recovery following a dive by altering VT and fR to rapidly replenish the O2 stores. For the first breath following a surface breath-hold, the end-expired O2 decreased with dive duration, while VT and fR increased. Throughout the recovery period, end-expired O2 increased while the respiratory effort (VT, fR) decreased. We propose that the dolphins alter respiratory effort following a breath-hold according to the reduction in end-expired O2 levels, allowing almost complete recovery after 1.2 min.


Subject(s)
Bottle-Nosed Dolphin/physiology , Respiration , Animals , Breath Holding , Male , Respiratory Function Tests/veterinary
3.
Pediatr. catalan ; 77(4): 123-127, oct.-dic. 2017. ilus, graf
Article in Catalan | IBECS | ID: ibc-170380

ABSTRACT

Fonament: els dispositius d'accés venós implantables sub-cutanis (Port-a-Cath) eviten puncions venoses repetides i milloren la qualitat de vida. La seva col•locació a nivell infraclavicular evidencia i recorda que es pateix una malaltia. Es presenta una localització alternativa que estètica-ment pot ser més acceptada i que no incrementa les possibles complicacions associades. Objectiu: determinar les complicacions dels Port-a-Cath a la paret lateral del tòrax (PLT). Mètode: es realitza un estudi retrospectiu dels pacients in-tervinguts per cirurgia pediàtrica (2013-2015) amb Port-a-Cath a PLT. Resultats: s'insereix el Port-a-Cath en 52 pacients (me-diana d'edat: 42 mesos), majoritàriament a l'hemitòrax dret (80,8%). La durada mitjana del dispositiu és de 17,7 mesos, tenint en compte vuit èxitus (malaltia de base) i cinc pèrdues de seguiment. Com a complicacions, s'identifiquen set infeccions de catèter (13,5%), una fuga (1,9%), una desconnexió (1,9%), tres mal funcionaments (5,7%) i tres exterioritzacions del portal (5,7%); no hi ha migracions. En relació amb les complicacions, tretze pacients requereixen recanvi de Port-a-Cath. Es realitza una prova de comparació de proporcions d'infecció de Port-a-Cath respecte una mostra bibliogràfica (10,1% infecció de Port-a-Cath infraclavicular), amb Z=0,62 i P-valor: 0,732, de manera que no podem rebutjar la hipòtesi nul•la d'igualtat o menor proporció d'infecció del dispositiu de la nostra mostra. Conclusions: no trobem evidència científica per afirmar que la proporció de complicacions infeccioses de la nostra mostra sigui més gran que la dels altres estudis publicats. L'estudi demostra que la PLT del Port-a-Cath és una alternativa vàlida, amb un avantatge estètic i sense incrementar les complicacions infeccioses


Fundamento. Los dispositivos de acceso venoso implantables subcutáneos (Port-a-Cath) evitan punciones venosas repetidas y mejoran la calidad de vida. Su colocación a nivel infraclavicular evidencia y recuerda que se sufre una enfermedad. Se presenta una localización alternativa que estéticamente puede ser más aceptada y que no incrementa las complicaciones asociadas. Objetivo. Determinar las complicaciones de los Port-a-Cath en la pared lateral del tórax (PLT). Método. Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes intervenidos por cirugía pediátrica (2013-2015) que presentan Port-a-Cath en la PLT. Resultado. Se inserta el Port-a-Cath en 52 pacientes (mediana de edad: 60 meses), mayoritariamente en el hemitórax derecho (80,8%). La duración media del dispositivo es de 17,7 meses, teniendo en cuenta ocho éxitus (enfermedad de base) y cinco pérdidas de seguimiento. Como complicaciones, se identifican siete infecciones de catéter (13,5%), una fuga (1,9%), una desconexión (1,9%), tres mal funcionamientos (5,7%) y tres exteriorizaciones del portal (5,7%); no hay migraciones. En relación con las complicaciones, trece pacientes requieren recambio de Port-a-Cath. Se realiza una prueba de comparación de proporciones de infección de Port-a-Cath respeto una muestra bibliográfica (10,1% infección Port-a-Cath infraclavicular) siendo Z=0,62 y P-valor: 0,732, con lo que no se puede rechazar la hipótesis nula de igualdad o menor proporción de infección del Port-a-Cath de nuestra muestra. Conclusión. No encontramos evidencia científica para afirmar que la proporción de complicaciones infecciosas de nuestra muestra sea mayor a la de otros estudios publicados. El estudio demuestra que la localización en la PLT de Port-a-Cath es una alternativa válida, con una ventaja estética sin incrementar las complicaciones infecciosas (AU)


Background. The use of subcutaneous implantable venous devices (Port-a-Cath) allows for avoiding repeated venipunctures and improving quality of life. However, placement of these devices under athe clavicle creates a visual evidence and reminder of an underlying disease. We present an alternative location that can be esthetically more acceptable without leading to an increase in complication rates. Objective. To evaluate the complications associated with the placement of a Port-a-Cath in the lateral chest wall. Method. Retrospective study of patients who underwent placement of a Port-a-Cath in the lateral chest wall between 2013 and 2015. Results. Fifty-two patients (median age 60 months) had a Port-a-Cath placed in the lateral chest wall, mostly on the right side (80.8%). The mean duration of the device was 17.7 months (eight patients died due to underlying disease and five were lost to follow-up). The following complications occurred: Seven catheter infections (13.5%), one leak (1.9%), one catheter disconnection (1.9%), three malfunctions (5.7%), and three exposures (5.7%), with no cases of device migrations. Thirteen patients required replacement of their Porta- Cath due to complications. A review of the literature showed an infection rate of 10.1% for infraclavicular devices (Z=0.62, p value: 0.732). The null hypothesis of equality or lower infection rate for the lateral chest wall location could not be rejected. Conclusions. No scientific evidence was found to accept that the proportion of infectious complications in our sample was higher than in the reported studies. Our study demonstrates that the placement of a Port-a-Cath in the lateral chest wall is a valid alternative to the infraclavicular location, providing an esthetic advantage without an associated increase in infectious complications (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Vascular Access Devices , Catheters, Indwelling , Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Thoracic Wall , Risk Factors
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