ABSTRACT
This study aimed to assess the relationship between apical fenestration-a defect in the alveolar bone involving the root apex-and tooth position in all tooth groups, excluding the third molars, utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. A total of 800 CBCT scans (400 maxillary and 400 mandibular) from patients undergoing various treatments were examined by a single professional (radiologist and endodontist). Statistical analyses, including the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, were conducted using R software 2.7.3 (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria). Results indicated a significant association (p ≤ 0.05) between apical fenestration and tooth position. In the upper teeth, apical fenestrations were notably present in the mesio-buccal (17.17%) and disto-buccal (11.07%) roots of the first molars. Conversely, apical fenestrations in the lower teeth were relatively less frequent. The study revealed a negative correlation between apical fenestration and mesial inclination, rotation, and extrusion in the upper teeth. However, a positive correlation was observed between apical fenestration and lingual inclination in the upper teeth. In conclusion, this study illuminates the distribution of apical fenestration and its correlation with tooth positions, offering insights into factors influencing this defect in dental anatomy. The findings enhance our understanding of nuanced relationships between tooth position and apical fenestration in the upper and lower dental arches.
ABSTRACT
O principal foco do tratamento endodôntico de sucesso, é a eliminação total de microrganismo, endotoxinas e biofilme bacteriano do sistema de canais radiculares. Quando há falha nesse processo, as bactérias de maior prevalência são Enterococcus spp. Desta forma, é evidente a necessidade de novas alternativas eficazes para erradicá-los dos canais radiculares. O uso de fitoterápicos antimicrobianos como os óleos essenciais (OEs) de plantas ganhou grande notoriedade na comunidade cientifica como uma alternativa muito satisfatória, além de efeitos antimicrobianos sobre diversas cepas bacterianas e fúngicas apresentam efeitos anti-inflamatório. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro os efeitos antimicrobianos do OE de Lavandula dentata sobre cepas clínicas e cepas padrão de Enterococcus faecalis e Enterococcus em culturas planctônicas e em biofilme monotípico. Para isso foi determinada a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) do óleo essencial de L. dentata pela técnica de microdiluição em placa de 96 poços em caldo BHI com semeadura, segundo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), norma M7- A6 (E. faecalis e E. faecium). Para a análise da atividade antibiofilme dos microrganismos foram utilizados o teste colorimétrico de MTT nos períodos de 30 minutos e 24 horas de contato com o OE. Os dados obtidos nos testes in vitro apresentaram distribuição normal e foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA complementado pelo teste de Tukey (significância de 5%). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o OE de L. dentata apresentou atividade antibacteriana e antibiofilme para todas as cepas testadas, com a CBM do óleo de L. dentata de 32%. Em relação a atividade antibiofilme do OE de L. dentata houve redução da carga bacteriana no período de 30 minutos e de 24 horas, este promoveu redução de até 79,25% no tratamento de 30 minutos e até 74,51% no tratamento de 24 horas. Concluiu-se que o óleo essencial de L. dentata apresentou atividade antibacteriana contra cepas clínicas resistente a antibióticos e cepas padrão de E. faecalis e E. faecium com concentração bactericida mínima de 32%, e atividade antibiofilme com tempo de ação de 30 minutos e 24 horas, com resultados semelhantes a clorexidina na maioria das cepas testadas (AU)
The main focus of successful endodontic treatment is the total elimination of microorganisms, endotoxins and bacterial biofilm from the root canal system. When this process fails, the most prevalent bacteria are Enterococcus spp. Thus, the need for new effective alternatives to eradicate them from root canals is evident. The use of antimicrobial phytotherapics such as essential oils (EOs) from plants has gained great notoriety in the scientific community as a very satisfactory alternative, in addition to antimicrobial effects on several bacterial and fungal strains that have anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial effects of Lavandula dentata EO on clinical and standard strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in planktonic cultures and in monotypic biofilm. For this, the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the essential oil of L. dentata was determined by the microdilution technique in a 96-well plate in BHI broth with seeding, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), M7-A6 (E. faecalis and E. faecium). For the analysis of the antibiofilm activity of the microorganisms, the MTT colorimetric test was used in the periods of 30 minutes and 24 hours of contact with the EO. The data obtained in the in vitro tests showed normal distribution and were analyzed by the ANOVA test complemented by the Tukey test (5% significance). The results obtained showed that the EO of L. dentata showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activity for all strains tested, with the CBM of L. dentata oil of 32%. Regarding the antibiofilm activity of the EO of L. dentata, there was a reduction in bacterial load in the period of 30 minutes and 24 hours, which promoted a reduction of up to 79.25% in the 30-minute treatment and up to 74.51% in the 24-hour treatment. hours. It was concluded that the essential oil of L. dentata showed antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant clinical strains and standard strains of E. faecalis and E. faecium with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 32%, and antibiofilm activity with an action time of 30 minutes and 24 hours, with results similar to chlorhexidine in most strains tested.K (AU)
