ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluate the potential and specificity of the inflammatory and antioxidant response of Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) in NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells, as well as in the healing process of skin wounds. Cells (NIH-3T3) were cultivated in supplemented specific medium. NIH-3T3 cells were treated with MAMPs (Bifidobacterium lactis or Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus gasseri or Lactobacillus paracasei or Streptococcus thermophilus), at two concentrations and insulted with LPS or H2O2. Cell viability, myeloperoxidase activity, nitrite/nitrate, oxidative damage and inflammatory parameters were measured. In addition, scratch assay was performed. Significant scratch closure was observed after 24 h and 48 h, and the effect of 0.1 g/mL MAMPs on wound healing was found to be highly statistically significant. In the viability cellular assay, Lactobacillus showed better response in 0.1 g/mL dose, whereas B. lactis and S. thermophilus showed better response in 0.01 g/mL dose. There was reduction in IL-6 and IL-1ß levels in all treatments insulted with LPS. MAMP's showed preventive efficacy in reducing the effects caused by LPS. The MAMP's action in decreasing the production of ROS, inflammatory activity and increasing cell viability, besides significant cell proliferation during wound healing processes suggests remodeling mechanisms and new possibilities for wound healing.
Subject(s)
Hydrogen Peroxide , Re-Epithelialization , Mice , Animals , NIH 3T3 Cells , Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology , Lipopolysaccharides , Wound Healing/physiology , Oxidative Stress , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The study evaluated the effects of supplementation with three different probiotic strains Bifidobacterium lactis (LACT GB™), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (RHAM GB™) and Lactobacillus reuteri (REUT GB™) on brain-intestinal immunomodulation in an animal model of LPS-induced inflammation. Fifty mice Balb/C were distributed into five groups: control; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); LPS + B. lactis (LACT GB™); LPS + L. rhamnosus (RHAM GB™); and LPS + L. reuteri (REUT GB™). The animals were supplemented with their respective probiotic microorganisms daily, for 30 days, at a concentration of 1 × 109 CFU/animal/day. After 30 days of supplementation, animals received the inflammatory insult by LPS (15 mg/kg). Behavioral tests, oxidative stress and inflammation were performed, as well as gut and brain histology. In the behavioral test, LPS + B. lactis group was less anxious than the other groups. Serum interleukin IL-1ß and IL-6 levels increased in all groups that received the LPS insult, and there was a reduction in inflammation in the supplemented groups when compared to the LPS group in brain and gut. There is a reduction in myeloperoxidase activity and oxidative stress in groups supplemented with probiotics. In intestine histological analysis occurs damage to the tissue integrity in the LPS group, in the other hand, occurs preservation of integrity in the probiotic supplemented animals. In the brain, infiltrates of perivascular inflammatory cells can be seen in the LPS group. The three probiotic studies showed efficient immunomodulating activity and ensured integrity of the intestinal barrier function, even after the severe insult by LPS. These results show the important role of probiotics in the gut-brain axis. Graphical abstract illustratively represents the gut-brain axis and how different probiotic strains influence the immunomodulatory response releasing different pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and their role in the balance of dysbiosis.
Subject(s)
Limosilactobacillus reuteri , Probiotics , Animals , Brain , Endotoxins , Immunomodulation , Inflammation , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , Mice , Probiotics/pharmacology , Probiotics/therapeutic useABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious intestinal disease that affects premature neonates, causing high mortality, despite the technological development in neonatal intensive care, with antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, surgery, and advanced life support. The correction of dysbiosis with fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) has shown beneficial effects in experimental models of the disease. The different forms of administration and conservation of FMT and mixed results depending on several factors lead to questions about the mechanism of action of FMT. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of fresh, sterile FMT and probiotic treatment under parameters of inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage in a neonatal model of NEC. METHODS: One-day-old Wistar rats were used to induce NEC model. Animals were divided in five groups: Control + saline; NEC + saline; NEC + fresh FMT; NEC + sterile FMT and NEC+ probiotics. Parameters of inflammatory response and oxidative damage were measured in the gut, brain, and serum. It was also determined gut histopathological alterations. RESULTS: Proinflammatory cytokines were increased in the NEC group, and IL-10 levels decreased in the gut, brain, and serum. Fresh and sterile FMT decreased inflammation when compared to the use of probiotics. Oxidative and histological damage to the intestine was apparent in the NEC group, and both FMT treatments had a protective effect. CONCLUSION: Fresh and sterile FMT effectively reduced the inflammatory response, oxidative damage, and histological alterations in the gut and brain compared to an experimental NEC model.
Subject(s)
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing , Fetal Diseases , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Infant, Newborn, Diseases , Animals , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/therapy , Fecal Microbiota Transplantation , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Inflammation/pathology , Models, Animal , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: analisar os fatores associados à ausência de registro de nascimento em cartório localizado em maternidade do Sistema Único de Saúde no município de Nova Iguaçu-RJ, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal com 468 nascidos vivos (NV), realizado em junho e julho de 2012; a variável dependente foi a ausência de registro de nascimento no cartório da maternidade, decorridos 15 dias do parto; empregou-se a Regressão de Poisson para estimar razões de prevalência (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS: 40,6% dos NV não tiveram o registro de nascimento efetuado no cartório da maternidade; a falta de registro associou-se a escolaridade materna de 0 a 8 anos de estudo (RP 1,41; IC95% 1,04-1,93), parto extra-hospitalar (RP 2,15; IC95% 1,04-4,46) e residência em município vizinho (RP 1,39; IC95% 1,03-1,89). CONCLUSÃO: orientações sobre registro devem ser direcionadas às mães com baixa escolaridade e com partos fora do ambiente hospitalar.
OBJETIVO: analizar los factores asociados a la falta de registro de nacimiento en un servicio de registro ubicado en una maternidad del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS)en el municipio de Nova Iguaçu, Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: estudio transversal con datos de 468 nacidos vivos en junio y julio de 2012; la variable dependiente fue la falta de registro de nacimiento en el servicio de registro ubicado en la maternidad, dentro de los15 días del parto; se usó la Regresión de Poisson para estimar razones de prevalencia (RP) e intervalos de confianza (IC) de 95%. RESULTADOS: un 40,6% de los niños no fue registrado en el servicio de registro de la maternidad; la falta de registro de nacimiento se asoció positivamente con la baja o ausente escolaridad de la madre (RP 1,41; IC95% 1,04-1,93 ); con el parto extra-hospitalario (RP 2,15; IC95%1,04-4,46 ) y con la residencia de la madre en un municipio vecino (RP 1,39; IC95%1,03-1,89). CONCLUSIONES: deben dirigirse orientaciones sobre el registro a las madres con escolaridad baja o ausente o con partos fuera del ambiente hospitalario.
OBJECTIVE: to analyze factors associated with births not registered at a National Health System (SUS) maternity hospital registry office in Nova Iguaçu-RJ, Brazil. METHODS: a cross-sectional study of data on 468 live births (LB) between June-July 2012. The dependent variable was births not registered at the registry office within 15 days following birth. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson Regression. RESULTS: 40.6% (190/468) of LB were not registered at the registry office. Non-registration was positively associated with little or no maternal schooling (PR 1.41; 95% CI 1.04-1.93), childbirth prior to hospitalization (PR 2.15; 95% CI 1.04-4.46), and mother resident in a different municipality to the hospital (PR 1.39; 95%% CI 1.03-1.89). CONCLUSION: mothers with little or no schooling and who do not give birth in hospital should receive guidance on birth registration.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Birth Registration , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Hospitals, Maternity , Live Birth , Underregistration/statistics & numerical data , Unified Health System , Vital StatisticsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze the cytological findings of women with cervical adenocarcinoma, taking into account the patient's history in the year prior to diagnosis and the histopathological aspects of the lesions. METHODS: A retrospective comparative study was conducted using data from women with cervical adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma detected between 2002 and 2008. The cytological reports were synthesized according to the Bethesda System revised in 2001 and were compared to the histopathological findings of cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma. The distributions of cytological findings were calculated, as well as the global agreement and chance-corrected agreement using the Cohen's Kappa Coefficient. For this purpose, the cytological findings were grouped according to the epithelial origin, forming the glandular cell and squamous cell groups, with the histopathologically confirmed tumor types (adenocarcinoma versus squamous carcinoma) being used as the gold standard. RESULTS: A total of 284 cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed during the study period. The effectively studied cases were 27 and 54 patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma, respectively. The adenocarcinoma group represented 9.5% of the total cases diagnosed, and 56.0% of the women in this group were younger than 50 years. Cervical cytology was collected on average 92 days before the cancer diagnosis (range: 19 days to 310 days). In 41.6% of cases the cytological results were consistent with glandular alterations such as adenocarcinoma cells or atypical glandular cells. The global agreement and Cohen's Kappa Coefficient were 73.7 and 48.7%, suggesting substantial and moderate agreement, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this population, the cytological smears had an important role in screening women with adenocarcinoma, although some of them were referred to clarify the clinical symptoms. The agreement between cytological and histopathological findings was moderate.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Vaginal Smears , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Analisar os achados citológicos de mulheres detectadas com adenocarcinoma do colo do útero, levando em conta o histórico da paciente no ano que antecedeu ao diagnóstico e a histopatologia das lesões. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo comparativo, retrospectivo conduzido com dados de mulheres com adenocarcinoma ou com carcinoma escamoso do colo do útero detectados entre 2002 e 2008. Os laudos da citologia foram sintetizados de acordo com a terminologia Bethesda revisada em 2001 e foram comparados com a histopatologia de adenocarcinoma e de carcinoma escamoso. Foram verificadas as distribuições dos achados citológicos, a concordância global e corrigida pelo acaso com o uso do coeficiente Kappa de Cohen. Para isso, as alterações citológicas foram agregadas de acordo com a origem epitelial, formando os grupos de células glandulares e de células escamosas, tendo como padrão ouro os grupos de tumor histopatologicamente confirmados (adenocarcinoma versus carcinoma escamoso). RESULTADOS: No período, 284 casos de câncer do colo uterino foram diagnosticados. Os casos efetivamente estudados compreenderam 27 e 54 pacientes com adenocarcinoma e com carcinoma escamoso, respectivamente. O grupo de adenocarcinoma representou 9,5% do total diagnosticado, com 56% das mulheres com idade inferior a 50 anos. A coleta da citologia foi feita em média 92 dias antes do diagnóstico do câncer (variação: 19 dias a 310 dias). Em 41,6% dos casos, a citologia que precedeu o diagnóstico do adenocarcinoma foi indicativa de alterações glandulares do tipo adenocarcinoma e atipias de células glandulares. A concordância simples foi de 73,7% e o coeficiente Kappa de 48,7%, sugerindo moderada concordância. CONCLUSÃO: Nesta população, a citologia teve um importante papel no rastreio de mulheres ...
PURPOSE: To analyze the cytological findings of women with cervical adenocarcinoma, taking into account the patient's history in the year prior to diagnosis and the histopathological aspects of the lesions. METHODS: A retrospective comparative study was conducted using data from women with cervical adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma detected between 2002 and 2008. The cytological reports were synthesized according to the Bethesda System revised in 2001 and were compared to the histopathological findings of cervical adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma. The distributions of cytological findings were calculated, as well as the global agreement and chance-corrected agreement using the Cohen's Kappa Coefficient. For this purpose, the cytological findings were grouped according to the epithelial origin, forming the glandular cell and squamous cell groups, with the histopathologically confirmed tumor types (adenocarcinoma versus squamous carcinoma) being used as the gold standard. RESULTS: A total of 284 cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed during the study period. The effectively studied cases were 27 and 54 patients with adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma, respectively. The adenocarcinoma group represented 9.5% of the total cases diagnosed, and 56.0% of the women in this group were younger than 50 years. Cervical cytology was collected on average 92 days before the cancer diagnosis (range: 19 days to 310 days). In 41.6% of cases the cytological results were consistent with glandular alterations such as adenocarcinoma cells or atypical glandular cells. The global agreement and Cohen's Kappa Coefficient were 73.7 and 48.7%, suggesting substantial and moderate agreement, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this population, the cytological smears had an important role in screening women with adenocarcinoma, although some of them were referred to clarify the clinical symptoms. The agreement between cytological and histopathological ...
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Vaginal Smears , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Trata-se de um estudo histórico-social. Objetivos: deescrever a condição feminina nos anos 20; analisar figuras-tipos de mulher da sociedade brasileira durante o Estado Novo; discutir a inserçao da enfermeira entre esses modelos. Fontes utilizadas foram documentos escritos e fotográficos do centro de Documentação/EEAN e bibliografia pertinente. Resultados: no bojo do fenômeno do culto à personalidade de Vargas, figuras femininas ganharam relevo como, a da primeira dama, d. Darci, e de sua filha Alzirinha. No âmbito da enfermagem, personificações do tipo ideal de enfermeira foram Laís Netto dos Reys, diretora da EEAN, e Isaura Barbosa Lima, que chefiou as enfermeiras da Força Aérea Brasileira na 2a. Guerra Mundial...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Women , Women's Rights , History of Nursing , NursesABSTRACT
Trata-se de um estudo histórico-social. Objetivos: deescrever a condiçäo feminina nos anos 20; analisar figuras-tipos de mulher da sociedade brasileira durante o Estado Novo; discutir a inserçao da enfermeira entre esses modelos. Fontes utilizadas foram documentos escritos e fotográficos do centro de Documentaçäo/EEAN e bibliografia pertinente. Resultados: no bojo do fenômeno do culto à personalidade de Vargas, figuras femininas ganharam relevo como, a da primeira dama, d. Darci, e de sua filha Alzirinha. No âmbito da enfermagem, personificaçöes do tipo ideal de enfermeira foram Laís Netto dos Reys, diretora da EEAN, e Isaura Barbosa Lima, que chefiou as enfermeiras da Força Aérea Brasileira na 2a. Guerra Mundial...(AU)
