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1.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 12(7)2023 Jun 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37507905

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the similarities between Echinodorus macrophyllus and Echinodorus grandiflorus, plant species that are traditionally used in Brazil to treat rheumatism and arthritis, whose anti-inflammatory effects are supported by scientific evidence. The contents of cis- and trans-aconitic acid, homoorientin, chicoric acid, swertisin, caffeoyl-feruloyl-tartaric acid, and di-feruloyl-tartaric acid were quantified by UPLC-DAD in various hydroethanolic extracts from the leaves, whereas their anti-oxidant activity and their effect on TNF release by LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells were assessed to evaluate potential anti-inflammatory effects. The 50% and 70% ethanol extracts showed higher concentrations of the analyzed markers in two commercial samples and a cultivated specimen of E. macrophyllus, as well as in a commercial lot of E. grandiflorus. However, distinguishing between the species based on marker concentrations was not feasible. The 50% and 70% ethanol extracts also exhibited higher biological activity, yet they did not allow differentiation between the species, indicating similar chemical composition and biological effects. Principal component analysis highlighted comparable chemical composition and biological activity among the commercial samples of E. macrophyllus, while successfully distinguishing the cultivated specimen from the commercial lots. In summary, no differences were observed between the two species in terms of the evaluated chemical markers and biological activities.

2.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 287: 114939, 2022 Apr 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34965458

ABSTRACT

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Apitherapy is a branch of traditional medicine that uses bee products to manage numerous diseases. In this context, the antiherpetic effect of these bee products has been demonstrated in some studies with some controversial results. AIM OF THE STUDY: Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of honey and propolis with acyclovir, the reference drug, in the treatment of cold sores and genital herpes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The selection of eligible studies was conducted through the search in Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and Electronic Scientific Library. RESULTS: The search yielded 147 articles, of which nine were considered eligible for analysis. The analysis of these studies showed that the healing property of propolis is superior to that obtained for acyclovir (95% CI: 2.70 to 8.25; p = 0.0001). Furthermore, honey also presented a better healing effect than acyclovir against Herpes simplex virus-induced wounds (95% CI: 3.58 to -0.19; p = 0.03), inducing complete re-epithelization of herpetic lesions after 8 days, while for acyclovir, the healing time average was 9 days. It also provoked a similar reduction of pain caused by herpetic compared to acyclovir (95% CI: 2.27 to -0.42; p = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results confirm the use of honey and propolis as potent antiherpetic agents.


Subject(s)
Honey , Propolis/pharmacology , Simplexvirus/drug effects , Acyclovir/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Herpes Simplex/drug therapy , Herpes Simplex/virology , Humans
3.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 232: 155-164, 2019 Mar 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30580025

ABSTRACT

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that affects people all over the world. The number of cases of leishmaniasis is increasing and the drugs used for its treatment are toxic and not always effective. The recognition of the global nature of this disease and its direct or indirect effects on health economics and actions focuses attention on the development of new therapeutic options. In Brazil, this parasitic disease is endemic in many regions. The plants used by the population against leishmaniasis can be good starting points in the search of new lead compounds for antileishmanial drugs. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antileishmanial activity of extracts from leaves and stems of seven Brazilian plant species used by the population to treat leishmaniasis, and symptoms that might be related to Leishmania infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty two extracts from seven plants belonging to five different botanical families were prepared by different methods and evaluated for their effect on the viability of promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum (MHOM/BR/1967/BH46) using the resazurin-based colorimetric assay. The extracts were considered active when they inhibited the growth of promastigotes in a percentage greater than or equal to 50% at 100 and 200 µg/mL. The active samples were further investigated to determine IC50, CC50 and SI values against promastigote forms of L. infantum. The active and non-cytotoxic extracts (SI> 10) were evaluated against amastigote forms of L. infantum. In addition, the active extracts against the amastigote forms were analyzed by TLC and HPLC, while the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum was also evaluated by GC/MS. RESULTS: Among the twenty two extracts evaluated, two were considered active against L. infantum. The EtOH extract of leaves from Dyospiros hispida (IC50 55.48 ±â€¯2.77 µg/mL and IC50 80.63 ±â€¯13.17 µg/mL, respectively) and the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum (IC50 9.70 ±â€¯2.82 µg/mL and IC50 15.88 ±â€¯1.53 µg/mL, respectively) inhibited significantly the growth of promastigote and amastigote forms of L. infantum. Some extracts, although active in the initial screening, were considered toxic since the SI was lower than 10. In TLC and HPLC analysis the leaf extract of Dyospiros hispida showed the presence of anthraquinones, terpenes and saponins, and in the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum alkaloids and flavonoids were detected. In addition, in the latter extract the indole alkaloids uleine and dasycarpidone could be identified by GC/MS. CONCLUSIONS: The ethnopharmacological data of Aspidosperma tomentosum and Dyospiros hispida in part support the results found in the biological models used. Extracts of Aspidosperma tomentosum and Dyospiros hispida presented promising results against L. infantum.


Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Leishmania infantum/drug effects , Magnoliopsida , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemistry , Brazil , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Leishmania infantum/growth & development , Magnoliopsida/chemistry , Mice , Phytochemicals/analysis , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry
4.
Molecules ; 23(12)2018 Dec 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30551576

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the in silico prediction of biological activities of lignans from Diphylleia cymosa and Podophyllum hexandrum combined with an in vitro bioassays. The extracts from the leaves, roots and rhizomes of both species were evaluated for their antibacterial, anticholinesterasic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. A group of 27 lignans was selected for biological activities prediction using the Active-IT system with 1987 ligand-based bioactivity models. The in silico approach was properly validated and several ethnopharmacological uses and known biological activities were confirmed, whilst others should be investigated for new drugs with potential clinical use. The extracts from roots of D. cymosa and from rhizomes and roots of P. hexandrum were very effective against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, while podophyllotoxin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. D. cymosa leaves and roots showed anticholinesterasic and antioxidant activities, respectively. The evaluated extracts showed to be moderately toxic to THP-1 cells. The chromatographic characterization indicated that podophyllotoxin was the major constituent of P. hexandrum extract while kaempferol and its hexoside were the main constituents of D. cymosa leaves and roots, respectively. These results suggest that the podophyllotoxin could be the major antibacterial lignan, while flavonoids could be responsible for the antioxidant activity.


Subject(s)
Berberidaceae/chemistry , Computer Simulation , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Podophyllum/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Line , Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Humans , Lignans/chemistry , Lignans/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts/chemistry , ROC Curve , Reproducibility of Results , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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