Efficiency of maxillomandibular advancement for the treatment of obstructive apnea syndrome: a comprehensive overview of systematic reviews.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficiency of maxillomandibular advancement using aggregated individual patient data from multiple studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This overview was structured according to the PICO strategy. It adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses checklist and was recorded on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42020206135). Searches were conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, and Cochrane databases for studies published until January 1, 2021. Data from the included studies were collected by one author, while another reviewed the compilation. RESULTS: Twelve systematic reviews were included. The outcome measures studied were the apnea-hypopnea index, respiratory disturbance index, mean oxygen saturation, lowest oxygen saturation, sleepiness data, posterior air space, sella-nasion point A angle, sella-nasion point B angle, surgical success, and surgical cure in patients who underwent surgery. The AMSTAR scale presented moderate evaluations, with grades varying between 6 and 10 points. The Glenny scale revealed that the study selection did not include all languages. Only three reviews identified quality assessments conducted by at least two reviewers and only five related possible searches for unpublished data. CONCLUSIONS: Bimaxillary advancement surgery improved respiratory indicators, sleepiness data, and increased upper airway size. However, it is necessary to standardize the surgical criteria to establish measurable efficiency of the procedure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This overview makes a critical analysis of the results of the selected systematic reviews with the aim of presenting the most clinically relevant data on the maxillomandibular advancement for treating obstructive apnea syndrome, with a focus on improving respiratory, anatomical, and quality of life indices. There are no overviews that approach this theme from a well-structured perspective.

Evolution of Hematological Parameters in Patients Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery With a View to Hospital Discharge: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND: The length of hospital stays of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery depends on related local and systemic factors. Hematological changes resulting from orthognathic surgery, followed up in the postoperative period until hospital discharge, have neither yet been established for specific cases, nor for normal situations. This study aimed to describe the hemodynamic parameters of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery, considering a prediction of hospital discharge. A prospective analytical study was carried out on a sample of convenience for this purpose. METHODS: The erythrogram, leukogram, and platelet count were assessed 24 and 72 hours after surgery and compared with preoperative values. Intraoperative volume loss was also assessed. Inferential statistical analyses were performed as analysis of variance or Friedman test, paired Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney test, and 2-tailed Spearman correlation. RESULTS: The red blood cell count (mean ±â€Šstandard deviation [median]); (4.60 ±â€Š0.24 [4.56]), hemoglobin (12.82 ±â€Š1.03 [12.75]), hematocrit (39.51 ±â€Š3.47 [39.60]), and red cell distribution with (32.60 ±â€Š0.88 [33.05]) were higher preoperatively (P < 0.001). Mean corpuscular volume (83.87 ±â€Š5.63 [83.10]), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (27.50 ±â€Š1.47 [28.00]), leukocytes (6262.00 ±â€Š1448.36 [6380.00]). The volume loss varied between 463.87 and 752.13 mL (608.00 ±â€Š144.13 [630.00]). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the hematological evaluations corroborate the expectation of standard discharge from the hospital, with reflected changes resulting from volume loss and intense postoperative inflammatory response, even under the anti-inflammatory pharmacological effect.

Comparison of three anesthetic techniques for the removal of posterior mandibular teeth with 2% lidocaine: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: The present systematic review aimed to evaluate whether the IANB (conventional inferior alveolar nerve block) technique is superior to the VA (Vazirani-Akinosi) or GG (Gow-Gates) techniques for anesthesia in the removal of posterior mandibular teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review was structured according to the PICO strategy, adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist, and was recorded on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42020153130). Studies were included based on the eligibility criteria and data from the included studies were collected by one author, while another reviewed the compilation. RESULTS: Eight studies were included, all of which were randomized controlled trials. Three studies tested the techniques by exclusively performing lower third molar removal; the others covered other posterior lower teeth. All studies used the same local anesthetic and the same vasoconstrictor: lidocaine 2% with epinephrine/adrenaline. A total of 1056 patients were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Some differences were observed between the techniques. Because of the heterogeneity between studies, clinical trials with more specific methodologies, such as comparisons of GG and VA with IANB for mandibular tooth removal, and the same clinical homogeneity will be worthwhile. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A systematic review of which anesthetic technique is most effective for mandibular teeth removal may positively impact the population's life. There are no systematic reviews which approach this theme in a well-structured perspective.

Mentoplastia em forma de asa: um novo design de osteotomia / Chin wing osteotomy: new osteotomy design

O tratamento das deformidades faciais está também associada a correção da posição do mento. O emprego de diferentes formatos de mentoplastia tem por objetivo agregar um melhor contorno, preenchimento e simetria a região anterior da mandibula e adjacente ao mento, além de permitir alinhamento da sinfise nas três dimensões. Nessa nota técnica temos por objetivo apresentar uma modificação ao procedimento convencional, mentoplastia em forma de asa, bem como sua aplicabilidade e execução... (AU)

The treatment of facial deformities is also associated with correction of the chin position. The use of different genioplasty formats aims to add a better contour, filling and symmetry to the anterior region of the mandible and adjacent to the chin, in addition to allowing alignment of the symphysis in the three dimensions. In this technical note, we aim to present a modification to the conventional procedure, chin wing osteotomy, as well as its applicability and execution... (AU)

Tratamento de importante avulsão labial por mordedura humana / Treatmentof importantlabial avulsion by human bite

Os ferimentos ocasionados por mordedura humana são geralmente tidos como portadores de maior incidência de complicações infecciosas, pois possuem alto índice de contaminação. O tratamento dessas lesões é controverso, principalmente no que se refere à sutura primária e à profilaxia de doenças infecto-contagiosas originadas a partir do contato da saliva do agressor com a ferida. O atendimento desses doentes na urgência consiste no controle da infecção, reabilitação funcional e consequentemente estética, a fim de minimizar danos psíquicos e possibilitar retorno ao convívio social. O presente trabalho relata um caso de uma extensa avulsão de lábio inferior decorrente de agressão por mordedura humana. A reconstrução inicial foi possível através de avanço de retalhos laterais, associada à antibioticoterapia específica. Desta forma foi obtido um resultado estético e funcional satisfatório, sem complicações infecciosas pós operatórias ou deiscências de suturas, a continência oral foi preservada, bem como a sensibilidade e a mobilidade labial... (AU)

Injuries caused by human bites are generally considered to be more incidence of infectious complications, as they have a high rate of contamination. The treatment of these lesions is controversial, especially with regard to primary suturing and disease prophylaxis. Infectious-contagious caused by contact between the aggressor's saliva and the wound. the service of these patients in the emergency room consists of infection control, functional rehabilitation and, consequently, aesthetics, in order to minimize psychic damage and enable a return to social life. The present work reports a case of an extensive avulsion of the lower lip resulting from human bite aggression. The initial reconstruction was possible through the advancement of lateral flaps, associated with specific antibiotic therapy. In this way, a satisfactory aesthetic and functional result was obtained, without complications. Postoperative infectious diseases or suture dehiscence, oral continence was preserved, as well as the lip sensitivity and mobility... (AU)

Evaluation of life quality of patients submitted to orthognathic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To compare changes related to self-esteem and appearance satisfaction between pre and postsurgical phases in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery and to assess the quality of life and psychosocial changes of these patients six months after surgery. METHODS: A longitudinal observational qualitative study was performed. The sample comprised 15 patients with dentofacial deformities who underwent orthognathic surgery. One questionnaire and two forms were answered during pre and postoperative phases. RESULTS: The results showed that 13.3% of patients demonstrated self-esteem improvement, especially in relation to appearance satisfaction. Improvements were also noted in social, occupational and family relationships. With regard to the assessment of quality of life, according to the World Health Organization questionnaire, the lowest improvement averages corresponded to environmental control. CONCLUSION: Orthognathic surgery brings along many emotional changes that should be considered before and after surgery, since the patients' psychological state may be favorable and/or unfavorable during recovery, influencing their quality of life, self-esteem and appearance satisfaction.

Evaluation of life quality of patients submitted to orthognathic surgery

OBJECTIVE: To compare changes related to self-esteem and appearance satisfaction between pre and postsurgical phases in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery and to assess the quality of life and psychosocial changes of these patients six months after surgery. METHODS: A longitudinal observational qualitative study was performed. The sample comprised 15 patients with dentofacial deformities who underwent orthognathic surgery. One questionnaire and two forms were answered during pre and postoperative phases. RESULTS: The results showed that 13.3% of patients demonstrated self-esteem improvement, especially in relation to appearance satisfaction. Improvements were also noted in social, occupational and family relationships. With regard to the assessment of quality of life, according to the World Health Organization questionnaire, the lowest improvement averages corresponded to environmental control. CONCLUSION: Orthognathic surgery brings along many emotional changes that should be considered before and after surgery, since the patients' psychological state may be favorable and/or unfavorable during recovery, influencing their quality of life, self-esteem and appearance satisfaction.

OBJETIVO: comparar as mudanças relacionadas à autoestima e satisfação com aparência, entre o pré-operatório e o pós-operatório, de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática, e avaliar a qualidade de vida e mudanças psicossociais desses pacientes seis meses após a cirurgia. MÉTODOS: estudo qualitativo, de caráter observacional do tipo longitudinal, com amostra de 15 pacientes que apresentavam deformidades dentofaciais e que foram submetidos à cirurgia ortognática. Foram aplicados um questionário e dois formulários, em duas fases: uma pré-cirúrgica e outra pós-cirúrgica. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram que 13,3% dos pacientes obtiveram melhora em relação à autoestima e, principalmente, em relação à satisfação com a aparência. Foi também constatada melhoria nas relações sociais, profissionais e familiares. Em relação à avaliação da qualidade de vida segundo o questionário da Organização Mundial da Saúde, observou-se que a média mais baixa correspondeu ao domínio meio ambiente. CONCLUSÕES: a cirurgia ortognática traz consigo uma carga emocional elevada, que deve ser considerada antes e após o ato cirúrgico, pois o estado psicológico do paciente repercute em fatores favoráveis ou desfavoráveis durante a sua recuperação, influenciando de diferentes formas na qualidade de vida, autoestima e satisfação com a aparência.

Tratamento de extenso cisto inflamatório em maxila: relato de caso / Treatment of extensive inflammatory cyst in the maxilla: case report

Os cistos inflamatórios periapicais representam uma considerável parcela na distribuição epidemiológica daqueles categorizados como odontogênicos. Estudos mostram que no mundo inteiro cerca de 84% dos cistos que acometem a região maxilo facial são inflamatórios pariapicais. Seu diagnóstico é realizado pela associação entre o exame clínico, imaginológico e histopatológico. a terapêutica dessas lesões compreende desde o tratamento endodôntico dos dentes envolvidos até a sua enucleação cirúrgica. Fatores, como o estado geral do paciente, tamanho, forma e localização da lesão, são relevantes na tomada de decisões em casos como esses. Este trabalho tem como propósito relatar um caso clínico de um extenso cisto inflamatório periapical na maxila e discutir os fatores que levaram a uma abordagem multidisciplinar.

Inflammatory periapical cysts represent a considerable share in the epidemiological distribution of those categorized as odontogenic. Studies show that about 84% of cysts affecting the maxillofacial region in the world, are inflammatory pariapicais. Its diagnosis is made by the association between clinical examination, imaging and histopathology. The treatment of these injuries range from the endodontic treatment of teeth involved until his surgical enucleation. Factors such as the patient's general condition, size, shape and location of the injury are relevant in making decisions in such cases. This paper aims to report a case of an extensive inflammatory periapical cyst in the maxilla and discuss the factors that led to a multidisciplinary approach.

Clinical study of hemodynamic changes comparing 4% articaine hydrochloride with 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 epinephrine.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hemodynamic changes with the use of 4% articaine and 2 different concentrations of epinephrine (1:100,000 and 1:200,000) in the surgical removal of symmetrically positioned lower third molars. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was carried out involving 42 patients each undergoing 2 surgeries on separate occasions under local anesthesia with 4% articaine and either epinephrine 1:100,000 or 1:200,000. The following parameters were assessed at 4 different moments: systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure; heart rate; oxygen saturation; rate pressure product (RPP); and pressure rate quotient (PRQ). RESULTS: The concentration of epinephrine did not affect diastolic blood pressure or oxygen saturation during the surgeries. Significant differences between were detected for heart rate, RPP, and PRQ (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The epinephrine concentration (1:100,000 or 1:200,000) in a 4% articaine solution influences hemodynamic parameters without perceptible clinical changes in healthy patients undergoing lower third molar removal.

A rare case of iatrogenic gingival Kaposi's sarcoma.

Kaposi's sarcoma is an angioproliferative tumour rarely found in the oral cavity. We present the 3rd case of iatrogenic gingival Kaposi's sarcoma reported in the English-language literature which developed in a young patient 5 years after a renal transplant and discuss their histological features and differential diagnosis.

Repercussions of surgically assisted maxillary expansion on nose width and position of septum and inferior nasal conchae.

The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical and radiographic repercussions of surgically assisted maxillary expansion on the septum, nasal cavity and nasal conchae. The sample was made up of 15 patients with skeletal maturity (9 females and 6 males between 16 and 45 years of age) and maxillary transverse deficiency. Assessments were performed through anterior rhinoscopy and frontal cephalometric radiographs on three occasions: (T0) preoperative period, (T1) locking of the expander and (T2) six months following the locking procedure. An increase was observed in the basal portion of the pyriform aperture and distances between the lateral wall of the basal portion of the pyriform aperture and the septum. The radiographic exam revealed that the nasal septum did not undergo any statistically significant change in its position. Moreover, no significant changes in the position of the nasal septum or nasal conchae were detected throughout the three evaluation times. The results suggest that surgically assisted maxillary expansion is capable of widening the basal portion of the pyriform aperture, with little repercussion on the anterior position of the nasal septum and inferior nasal conchae.

Avaliação clínico-radiográfica dos caninos após tratamento orto-cirúrgico / Clinical-radiographic analysis of canines after orthodonthic-surgical treatment

A ocorrência de caninos inclusos é uma condição comum na população que procura tratamento ortodôntico e a excelência da terapia ortodôntico-cirúrgica traduz-se na correção da oclusão, harmonia do sorriso, saúde periodontal, manutenção da saúde pulpar e estabilidade pós-tratamento. Para obtenção de tais condições, ressalta-se a importância de um trabalho multidisciplinar. O presente trabalho objetiva abordar os aspectos clínicos e radiográficos dos caninos inclusos submetidos à tratamento orto-cirúrgico. O estudo foi realizado na Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco (FOP-UPE) no período de 2000 a 2007. Realizou-se uma avaliação clínica (cor, forma da gengiva, posição no arco) e radiográfica, (dilaceração, lâmina dura, presença de processo periapical). Como resultado, observamos que 4 pacientes (23,5%) apresentaram retração gengival com hipersensibilidade associada, apenas um paciente (6,25%) apresentou mobilidade dentária, nenhum dos dentes examinados apresentou alteração de forma e do total 14 dentes (82,35%) responderam positivamente ao teste de vitalidade pulpar. A avaliação Radiográfica foi realizada em 14 dentes, destes 07 (50%) apresentaram dilaceração radicular, 04 dentes (28,60%) estavam relacionados à odontomas, 02 dentes (14,28%) apresentaram reabsorção da crista óssea alveolar, 02 dentes (14,28%) mostraram calcificação intracanal. Tracionamento ortodôntico na amostra estudada aparece como um procedimento eficaz, seguro e reprodutível.

The occurrence of impacted canine is a common condition in the population who seeks orthodontic therapy and the excellence in orthodontic- surgical treatment leads to the correction of the occlusion, smile harmony, periodontal health, maintenance and stability of pulp tissue. To obtain these conditions, the study highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary work. This paper aim to address the clinical and radiographic findings of impacted canines who underwent ortho-surgical treatment. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Dentistry of Pernambuco (FOP-UPE) in the period of 2000 to 2007. Clinical parameters (color, gingiva aspect, arch position) and radiographic features (dilacerations, periapical inflammation) were observed. As a result, four patients (23.5%) had gingival recession associated with hypersensitivity, only one patient (6.25%) had tooth mobility, none of the teeth examined showed a change of form and 14 teeth (82.35 %) responded positively to vitality test. Radiographic evaluation was performed in 14 teeth, 07 of these (50%) had root dilaceration , 04 teeth (28.60%) were related to odontomas, 02 teeth (14.28%) had resorption of alveolar bone crest, 02 teeth ( 14.28%) showed intracanal calcification. Ortho-surgical treatment appears to be a safe, efficient and reproducible.

Tratamento imediato de fratura de mandíbula por projétil de arma de fogo / Immediate treatment of mandibular fracture caused by gunshot

Ferimentos por armas de fogo podem resultar em consequências estéticas e funcionais devastadoras para as vítimas desse tipo de trauma. Vários fatores influenciam este tipo de ferimento, tornando complexo o atendimento inicial e o tratamento definitivo pela imprevisibilidade destes. Durante muito tempo os cirurgiões maxilo-faciais acreditaram na necessidade de uma primeira abordagem mais conservadora limitada apenas à limpeza dos ferimentos e bloqueio maxilo-mandibular. Outras abordagens seriam realizadas caso necessário e depois do período inicial do primeiro trauma. Entretanto, a literatura contemporânea apresenta uma tendência em substituir o tratamento fechado pelo uso de tratamento aberto e fixação interna funcionalmente estável, possibilitando a reintegração do paciente à sociedade o mais rápido possível. O objetivo desse trabalho foi revisar os aspectos técnicos envolvidos no tratamento imediato nesse paciente, bem como relatar dois casos em que a conduta inicial foi o tratamento definitivo.

Gunshot wounds can result in devastating aesthetic and functional consequences for the victims of this type of trauma. Many factors influence this type of injury, making initial care and definitive treatment complex because of its unpredictability. For a long time, maxillofacial surgeons believed that a more conservative initial approach was better, limited only to the cleaning of wounds and maxillomandibular fixation. Other approaches would be performed if needed and after the initial period of the first trauma was over. However, contemporary literature shows a trend to replace closed treatment by open treatment and a functionally stable internal fixation, which allows patients to resume their normal lives as soon as possible. The objective of this work was to review the technical aspects involved in the immediate treatment of this type of patient, as well as to report two cases in which the initial conduct was the definitive treatment.

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome--the role of bariatric and maxillofacial surgeries.

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a complex disease with multifactorial etiology. It is marked by the occurrence of apnea and hypopnea events caused by repeated obstructions of the upper airways. OSAHS is strongly associated with obesity, and the prevalence of this disease in morbidly obese patients is very high. Nevertheless, not all patients with OSAHS are obese, and for this reason, there may be other anatomical predispositions to airway collapse. In obese patients, fatty deposition in the parapharyngeal region results in airway reduction and predisposes to airway collapse, worsened by neurologic loss of the normal dilator muscle tone of the neck. However, in nonobese patients, specific craniofacial characteristics such as posterior air pharyngeal space, tongue length, hyoid position, and maxillomandibular deficiencies may predispose some people to develop OSAHS. Treatment strategies for OSAHS patients vary from clinical treatment with continuous positive airway pressure, oral appliances, or medications for mild and moderate OSAHS patients, bariatric surgery for severe obese OSAHS patients to maxillomandibular advancement for obese or nonobese OSAHS patients.

Patient's perception of improvement after surgical assisted maxillary expansion (SAME): pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Clinicians often assume that changes following orthognathic surgery are both physically and psychologically beneficial to the patient. The present study investigates patient perception regarding improvement after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion. STUDY DESIGN: A survey with twenty-three patients was carried out to identify satisfaction with the surgical outcome and assess whether the surgery met patient expectations. General information was also collected on schooling, age, gender, chief complaint and reasons for seeking treatment. RESULTS: Most patients (n = 19; 82%) were advised to undergo surgery by a dentist. Twenty-two (95%) patients reported being satisfied with the operation procedure. Twenty-one (91%) patients reported that the procedure met their expectations. Nineteen respondents would undergo the same operation again and would recommend treatment to others with similar problems. CONCLUSION: The need for surgery associated with orthodontic appliances to correct a transverse maxillary deficiency requires a proper explanation to patients regarding the procedure and postoperative period in order to ensure realistic expectations concerning the surgical goals.

Transmaxillary approach to the cranial base: an evaluation of 11 cases.

UNLABELLED: Surgical access to the skull base is always difficult, especially because of the noble anatomic structures present there. Maxillary osteotomy provides direct view to the clivus region and the neck spine, and it also bears less morbidity when compared to the many other accesses described in the literature. AIM: to assess 11 patients submitted to transmaxillary osteotomy, describing the surgical technique and postoperative results and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study involving eleven patients submitted to transmaxillary approach to the brainstem. We studied dental occlusion, trans and postoperative bleeding, bone necrosis and soft tissue alterations. All followed the same surgical protocol and were followed up for two years. RESULTS: after treatment, all the patients improved in their clinical status and had no neurological complication, trans and postoperative hemorrhage or major complications were seen. Among the complications, two patients had incomplete maxilla fracture, two had laceration of their nasal mucosa and one had, as late complication, an oral-sinusal fistula. CONCLUSION: Transmaxillary osteotomy provided proper access to the clivus for brainstem decompression with low rate of complications in this series.

Acesso transmaxilar à base do crânio: avaliação de 11 casos / Transmaxillary approach to the cranial base: an evaluation of 11 cases

O acesso cirúrgico à região de base do crânio é sempre difícil principalmente pelas estruturas anatômicas nobres associadas. A osteotomia maxilar proporciona visão direta à região de clivus e coluna cervical, além de apresentar uma menor morbidade em relação aos diversos acessos descritos na literatura. OBJETIVO: Avaliar 11 casos submetidos à osteotomia transmaxilar, descrevendo técnica cirúrgica, resultados e complicações pós-operatórias. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: O estudo retrospectivo de onze pacientes foi submetido à cirurgia transmaxilar para acesso à região do tronco encefálico. Registros quanto à oclusão dentária, hemorragia trans e pós-operatória, necrose óssea e alterações de tecido mole foram estudados. Todos seguiram o mesmo protocolo cirúrgico e acompanhamento médio de dois anos. RESULTADOS: Após o tratamento todos os pacientes apresentaram melhora do quadro clínico e nenhum dano neurológico, hemorragia trans e pós-operatória ou intercorrências maiores foram identificadas. Dentre as complicações, em dois pacientes ocorreu fratura incompleta da maxila, dois apresentaram laceração da mucosa nasal e um apresentou como complicação tardia uma fístula bucossinusal. CONCLUSÃO: A osteotomia transmaxilar possibilitou adequado acesso a região de clivus para descompressão do tronco encefálico com baixo índice de complicações nesta série de casos.

Surgical access to the skull base is always difficult, especially because of the noble anatomic structures present there. Maxillary osteotomy provides direct view to the clivus region and the neck spine, and it also bears less morbidity when compared to the many other accesses described in the literature. AIM: to assess 11 patients submitted to transmaxillary osteotomy, describing the surgical technique and postoperative results and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study involving eleven patients submitted to transmaxillary approach to the brainstem. We studied dental occlusion, trans and postoperative bleeding, bone necrosis and soft tissue alterations. All followed the same surgical protocol and were followed up for two years. RESULTS: after treatment, all the patients improved in their clinical status and had no neurological complication, trans and postoperative hemorrhage or major complications were seen. Among the complications, two patients had incomplete maxilla fracture, two had laceration of their nasal mucosa and one had, as late complication, an oral-sinusal fistula. CONCLUSION: Transmaxillary osteotomy provided proper access to the clivus for brainstem decompression with low rate of complications in this series.

Submental intubation in oral maxillofacial surgery: review of the literature and analysis of 13 cases.

OBJECTIVES: Various different methods of intubation are suitable for facial trauma cases. A choice often has to be made between orotracheal and nasotracheal when surgical access to the nasal or oral cavity is necessary. This work presents our current experience using submental intubation in the airway management of facial trauma patients. STUDY DESIGN: From July 2003 to February 2005, 13 sufferers from facial trauma benefited from submental intubation. All the patients were males and the ages ranged from 19 to 35 years (mean, 27 years). RESULTS: In all the patients, the submental intubation permitted simultaneous reduction and fixation of all fractures and intraoperative control of the dental occlusion without interference from the tube during the operation. There was only one intra-operative complication, when the tracheal pressure increased as a result of deviation and compression of the tube. No post-operative complications were reported. CONCLUSION: Submental intubation is a simple, secure and effective procedure for operative airway control in major maxillofacial traumas.

Corpo estranho no seio maxilar: relato de caso atípico / Foreign body in the maxillary sinus: an atypical case report

Corpos estranhos nos seios paranasais são ocorrências raras que vêm sendo relatadas esporadicamente, na literatura mundial. Muitos desses relatos são resultantes de trauma penetrante após acidentes automobilísticos ou outras contusões perfurantes (KAPILA & LATA, 1998;). Apesar de existirem relatos envolvendo os seios etmoidais e esfenoidais, os seios frontais e maxilares são os mais comumente envolvidos (MURTHY et al., 1994; SAMAHA et al., 2000). Este trabalho apresenta um caso de uma paciente jovem que teve introduzida no seio maxilar uma broca cirúrgica utilizada na tentativa de remoção de uma raiz já presente no antro maxilar, colocada nessa cavidade anatômica no mesmo ato operatório e de forma, também, acidental.