ABSTRACT
Resumo Neste artigo tenho como objetivo refletir sobre as singularidades sexuais e de gênero presentes no bolsonarismo. Para isso, analiso o funcionamento discursivo das políticas sexo-gendradas que irrompem, hegemonicamente, do discurso da extrema direita, representado pelo que se convencionou chamar, nessa formação discursiva, de "ideologia de gênero". Utilizo o termo "cis-hétero-bolsonarismo" para descrever essas configurações político-ideológicas que se apresentam desde os movimentos reacionários latino-americanos das últimas décadas. Ao delimitar o fenômeno do cis-hétero-bolsonarismo, busco interpretar o funcionamento dessa discursividade, compreendendo sua rede dispositiva de sentidos pela descrição de seus domínios de memória, a saber: integralismo, militarismo e fascismo. Para abordar tais questões, tenho os estudos da Linguagem, a teoria queer e os estudos da biopolítica como referências teóricas.
Resumen En este artículo mi objetivo es reflexionar sobre las singularidades sexuales y de género presentes en el bolsonarismo. Para eso, analizo el funcionamiento discursivo de las políticas sexo-género que emergen, hegemónicamente, del discurso de la ultraderecha, representado por lo que se ha convenido en llamar, en esta formación discursiva, "ideología de género". Utilizo el término "cis-hétero-bolsonarismo" para describir estas configuraciones político-ideológicas que se presentan desde los movimientos reaccionarios latinoamericanos de las últimas décadas. Al delimitar el fenómeno del cis-hétero-bolsonarismo, busco interpretar el funcionamiento de esta discursividad, comprendiendo su red dispositiva de sentidos mediante la descripción de sus dominios de memoria, a saber: integralismo, militarismo y fascismo. Para abordar estas cuestiones, tengo los estudios del Lenguaje, la teoría queer y los estudios de la biopolítica como referencias teóricas.
Abstract In this article my aim is to reflect on the sexual and gender singularities present in Bolsonarism. To do so, I analyze the discursive functioning of sex-gender policies that emerge, hegemonically, from the discourse of the far-right, represented by what has become known, in this discursive formation, as "gender ideology". I use the term "cis-hetero-bolsonarism" to describe these political-ideological configurations that have emerged from Latin American reactionary movements in recent decades. By delimiting the phenomenon of cishetero-bolsonarism, I seek to interpret the functioning of this discourse, understanding its dispositif network of meanings through the description of its domains of memory, namely: integralism, militarism, and fascism. To address these issues, I have language studies, queer theory, and biopolitical studies as theoretical references.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Policy , Cisgender Persons , Gender Norms , Gender Performativity , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to use Raman spectroscopy to measure levels of CaPi in muscles under occlusal wear and treated with laser phototherapy (LPT) or muscle-relaxant therapy or both on rodents. BACKGROUND: The etiology of temporomandibular disorders is multifactorial. Malocclusion may influence the masticatory muscles, causing fatigue. A major type of fatigue is the metabolic, caused by the increased accumulation of metabolites such as inorganic phosphate. Raman spectroscopy allows nondestructive analysis of the biochemical composition of tissues. METHODS: The 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: occlusal wear (G-1), occlusal wear + LPT (G-2), and occlusal wear + muscle relaxant (G-3). Ten untreated animals were used for baseline data. Under intraperitoneal general anesthesia, animals of groups 1, 2, and 3 had unilateral amputation of molar cusps to simulate an occlusal-wear situation. The masseter muscle of G-2 received LPT (lambda830 nm, 4 J/cm(2), 40 mW, phi approximately 2 mm) after the procedure and repeated every other day for 14-30 days. Animals of G-3 were treated with a daily injection of dantrolene (2.5 mg/kg in 0.5 ml of H(2)O) beginning 24 h after cusp removal. Animals were killed with an overdose of general anesthetics at days 14 and 30 after cusps removal, and the ipsilateral masseter muscle was excised and divided into two parts. One part was routinely processed and underwent histologic analysis; the other was kept in liquid nitrogen for Raman spectroscopy. The mean value of the intensity of the peak 958 per centimeter was determined. RESULTS: No morphologic changes were seen. Raman analysis showed significantly less Raman intensity in the laser group at 30 days (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Occlusal wear did not caused morphologic alterations in the masseter muscle but resulted in changes of the levels of CaP(i) that were less compromising when the laser light was used.
Subject(s)
Dantrolene/pharmacology , Facial Muscles/drug effects , Facial Muscles/radiation effects , Low-Level Light Therapy , Masseter Muscle/drug effects , Masseter Muscle/radiation effects , Muscle Relaxants, Central/pharmacology , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Tooth Attrition/therapy , Animals , Calcium/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Facial Muscles/physiopathology , Male , Masseter Muscle/physiopathology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tooth Attrition/physiopathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to verify the differentiation between normal and pathological human carotid artery tissues by using fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy in the 400- to 700-nm range and the spectral characterization by means of principal components analysis. BACKGROUND DATA: Atherosclerosis is the most common and serious pathology of the cardiovascular system. Principal components represent the main spectral characteristics that occur within the spectral data and could be used for tissue classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty postmortem carotid artery fragments (26 non-atherosclerotic and 34 atherosclerotic with non-calcified plaques) were studied. The excitation radiation consisted of a 488-nm argon laser. Two 600-microm core optical fibers were used, one for excitation and one to collect the fluorescence radiation from the samples. The reflectance system was composed of a halogen lamp coupled to an excitation fiber positioned in one of the ports of an integrating sphere that delivered 5 mW to the sample. The photo-reflectance signal was coupled to a (1/4)-m spectrograph via an optical fiber. Euclidean distance was then used to classify each principal component score into one of two classes, normal and atherosclerotic tissue, for both fluorescence and reflectance. RESULTS: The principal components analysis allowed classification of the samples with 81% sensitivity and 88% specificity for fluorescence, and 81% sensitivity and 91% specificity for reflectance. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that principal components analysis could be applied to differentiate between normal and atherosclerotic tissue with high sensitivity and specificity.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/diagnosis , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Spectrum Analysis/methods , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Cadaver , Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology , Humans , Principal Component Analysis , Spectrometry, FluorescenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this work was to identify the presence of atherosclerotic plaque in the human carotid artery using near infrared Raman spectroscopy. BACKGROUND DATA: Atherosclerosis is the most common and serious pathology of the cardiovascular system. Raman spectroscopy is an analytical tool that can be used to gather information about both the morphology and chemical composition of tissues. METHODS: A Ti:sapphire laser operating at the near-infrared wavelength of 830 nm pumped by an argon laser was used for excitation of the samples, and the Raman scattering was detected by an optical spectrometer with a liquid-nitrogen-cooled CCD detector. Carotid artery samples were classified into five groups: normal, intimal thickening, fatty plaque, fibrous-fatty plaque, and fibrous-calcified plaque. RESULTS: It was observed that the Raman spectrum of atheromatous plaque was different that that of normal tissue. The spectra of atheromatous plaques had bands due to the presence of cholesterol and its esters, with major bands at 1439 and 1663 cm(1), respectively. In normal tissues a peak related to C-H bending appears at 1451 cm(1). Calcified atheromatous plaques had primary bands at 961 and 1071 cm(1), which were due to the presence of phosphate and carbonate in the accumulated calcium. Peaks were seen at 1451 and 1655 cm(1) in the non-atherosclerotic tissue, which were shifted to 1439 and 1663 cm(1) in the atherosclerotic plaque. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that this technique could be used to detect the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arterial tissue.
Subject(s)
Carotid Arteries/chemistry , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work was to detect calcification in cardiac valves using near infrared Raman spectroscopy (NIRS). A Ti:sapphire laser pumped by an argon-ion laser operating at a wavelength of 830 nm was used for excitation of the valve samples, and Raman emission was detected by an optical spectrometer with a liquid nitrogen-cooled CCD detector. BACKGROUND: Cardiac valves are subjected to highly repetitive mechanical stresses, due to their over 40 million cardiac cycles per year. These structures may suffer cumulative lesions, complicated by the deposition of calcium phosphate, which can lead to clinically significant diseases. NIRS can provide important information about biological tissue composition and has been used for diagnosis of some types of human pathology. METHODS: Samples of normal and pathologic tissues 5 mm in size were analyzed. RESULTS: It was observed that the Raman spectrum of calcified cardiac valves presented different behavior when compared with normal valves. Differences were observed at the intensity of 960, 1,260, 1,452, and 1,660 cm(1) peaks. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that this technique could be used to detect calcium phosphate mineral deposition in cardiac valves.
Subject(s)
Calcinosis/diagnosis , Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis , Coronary Vessels/pathology , Spectrum Analysis, Raman , Analysis of Variance , Calcinosis/pathology , Coronary Artery Disease/pathology , Coronary Vessels/chemistry , Humans , In Vitro TechniquesABSTRACT
Welding of metals and alloys is important to Dentistry for fabrication of dental prostheses. Several methods of soldering metals and alloys are currently used. The purpose of this study was to assess, using the flexural strength testing, the efficacy of two processes Nd:YAG laser and TIG (tungsten inert gas) for welding of pure Ti, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys. Sixty cylindrical specimens were prepared (20 of each material), bisected and welded using different techniques. Four groups were formed (n=15). I: Nd:YAG laser welding; II- Nd:YAG laser welding using a filling material; III- TIG welding and IV (control): no welding (intact specimens). The specimens were tested in flexural strength and the results were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA. There was significant differences (p<0.001) among the non-welded materials, the Co-Cr alloy being the most resistant to deflection. Comparing the welding processes, significant differences (p<0.001) where found between TIG and laser welding and also between laser alone and laser plus filling material. In conclusion, TIG welding yielded higher flexural strength means than Nd:YAG laser welding for the tested Ti, Co-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys.
Subject(s)
Chromium Alloys/chemistry , Dental Soldering/methods , Titanium/chemistry , Analysis of Variance , Chromium Alloys/radiation effects , Titanium/radiation effectsABSTRACT
O processo de soldagem de metais e ligas é importante para a Odontologia para fabricação de próteses dentárias. Existem atualmente diversos métodos utilizados na soldagem de metais e ligas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a solda do Titânio e ligas de Ni-Cr e Co-Cr usando o sistema TIG e o laser Nd:YAG utilizando o teste de resistência à flexão. Sessenta corpos-de-prova cilíndricos foram confeccionados (20 de cada material), seccionados ao meio e soldados por TIG ou por laser de Nd:YAG, com e sem um material da preenchimento. Quaro grupos foram formados (n=15). I: soldagem a laser de Nd:YAG; II: soldagem à laser usando um material de preenchimento; III: soldagem com TIG; IV (controle): sem soldagem (corpos-de-prova intactos) As amostras foram submetidas a ensaios de flexão e os resultados analisados pela ANOVA a um critério. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre o metal e as ligas íntegras (p<0.001), sendo a liga do Co-Cr o mais resistente à deflexão. Ao se comparar os diferentes processos de soldagem, diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0.001) foi encontrada entre a solda TIG e o laser de Nd:YAG e entre este e o laser mais o material de preenchimento. Conclui-se que a soldagem com TIG apresentou melhores resultados que a soldagem com o laser de Nd:YAG para os três materiais testados.
