Intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, performance, and carcass yield of lambs fed licuri cake.

This study aimed to determine the impact of the inclusion of licuri cake in the diets of crossbred Santa Inês lambs, based on intake, digestibility, N balance, urea N, and performance. We used 44 male lambs that were vaccinated and wormed, with an average age of 6 mo and an average BW of 21.2 kg ± 2.7 kg. The lambs were fed a mixture of Tifton-85 hay (40%) and a concentrated mixture (60%) composed of ground corn, soybean meal, and mineral premix. For the treatments, licuri cake was added at levels of 0, 8, 16, and 24% of DM, with the licuri cake replacing soybean meal and ground corn. We used 11 lambs per treatment in a randomized design. The lambs were confined for 70 d, and the digestibility trial occurred between Day 40 and Day 55. The increased level of licuri cake inclusion promoted a linear reduction in DM intake ( = 0.00) with a 39% reduction between treatments with the 0 and 24% cakes. On the other hand, ether extract () consumption showed an initial quadratic increase ( = 0.00). The total weight gain and ADG showed a linear decrease ( = 0.00) with the addition of licuri cake. The inclusion of licuri cake linearly enhanced ( = 0.02) the digestibility of CP and EE, whereas the digestibility of other nutrients in lambs remained unchanged ( > 0.05). The licuri cake increase led to a linear decrease ( < 0.05) in the N intake, fecal N, and retained N in lambs. Urinary N was not changed. The slaughter carcass weight, HCW, cold carcass weight, hot carcass yield, and cold carcass yield showed linear decreases ( < 0.05) with the addition of licuri cake. Carcass morphometric measurements were influenced by experimental diets, showing linear decreases ( < 0.05) with the addition of licuri cake to diets. The fat thickness, conformation, external length, internal length, leg length, rump width, and chest circumference showed linear decreases ( < 0.05) with the inclusion of licuri cake in diets. The inclusion of licuri cake decreased DMI and digestibility, reflecting the lower ADG. Although feed efficiency was not affected, the lambs weighed less at slaughter and the licuri cake had a negative impact on carcass yield. Therefore, the use of the studied levels of licuri cake in diets for finishing lambs cannot be recommended.

The oxidation of copper catalysts during ethylene epoxidation.

The oxidation of copper catalysts during ethylene epoxidation was characterized using in situ photoemission spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Gas chromatography, proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry and electron-ionization mass spectrometry were used to characterize the catalytic properties of the oxidized copper. We find that copper corrodes during epoxidation in a 1 : 1 mixture of oxygen and ethylene. The catalyst corrosion passes through several stages, beginning with the formation of an O-terminated surface, followed by the formation of Cu2O scale and eventually a CuO scale. The oxidized catalyst exhibits measurable activity for ethylene epoxidation, but with a low selectivity of <3%. Tests on pure Cu2O and CuO powders confirm that the oxides intrinsically exhibit partial-oxidation activity. Cu2O was found to form acetaldehyde and ethylene epoxide in roughly equal amounts (1.0% and 1.2% respectively), while CuO was found to form much less ethyl aldehyde than ethylene epoxide (0.1% and 1.0%, respectively). Metallic copper catalysts were examined in extreme dilute-O2 epoxidation conditions to try and keep the catalyst from oxidizing during the reaction. It was found that in feed of 1 part O2 to 2500 parts C2H4 (PO2 = 1.2 × 10(-4) mbar) the copper surface becomes O-terminated. The O-terminated surface was found to exhibit partial-oxidation selectivity similar to that of Cu2O. With increasing O2 concentration (>8/2500) Cu2O forms and eventually covers the surface.

Biossegurança e resíduos de serviços de saúde no cotidiano acadêmico / Biosafety and health service waste in academic daily life

In this paper, the extent of the knowledge of the academic community on campus III of the Federal University of Paraná about biosafety and health service waste (HSW) is assessed. A survey was carried out between 2009 and 2011, among students of degree courses in Dentistry, Nutrition, Pharmacy, Occupational Therapy and Nursing, in their second, fifth, sixth, fourth and sixth semester, respectively, the course coordinators, campus environmental managers and waste handlers of the company contracted by UFPR. The method employed was participatory, based on the application of an assessment tool specific to each group surveyed. The results were that between 75 and 100% of the students recognized HSW as a risk to health and the environment when it is managed in adequately, but only 50 to 60% identified different types of health servicewaste. According to the course coordinators, only in Dentistry was Biosafety a taught subject. In other courses, the topics Biosafety and HSW were covered in other subjects. The environmental management sector managers reported that every waste-generating unit must have its own management plan, conduct training and possess an informative website. Regarding waste handlers, 33% said that during the handling of HSW they used gloves and uniforms, while 22% did not know what the rules said. The research revealed a gap in both the knowledge and practice of biosafe and responsible measures...

O trabalho avaliou o conhecimento da comunidade acadêmica do campus III ? Jardim Botânico, da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) sobre Biossegurança e Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS). A pesquisa ocorreu entre 2009 e 2011, com acadêmicos dos cursos de graduação em Odontologia, Nutrição e Farmácia, do segundo, quinto e sexto período, respectivamente, Terapia Ocupacional e Enfermagem, quarto e sexto período, coordenadores dos cursos, gestores ambientais do campus e manipuladores de resíduos da empresa contratada pela UFPR. A metodologia empregou pesquisa-ação, baseada na aplicação de um instrumento de avaliação específico para cada grupo pesquisado. Como resultados, 75 a 100% dos alunos reconheceram os RSS como risco à saúde e ao meio ambiente quando seu manejo é inadequado, porém apenas 50 a 60% identificaram os diferentes grupos de RSS. Segundo os coordenadores, apenas no curso de Odontologia era ministrada a disciplina de Biossegurança. Nos outros cursos, os temas: Biossegurança e Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde, integravam outras disciplinas. O setor de gestão ambiental informou que todo órgão gerador de resíduos deve ter seu próprio plano de gerenciamento, além de realizar treinamentos e possuir página web informativa. Em relação aos manipuladores, 33% afirmaram que durante a manipulação dos RSS utilizam luvas e uniformes, 22% destes não souberam dizer quais são as normas. A pesquisa evidenciou uma lacuna no conhecimento e na aplicação de medidas biosseguras e responsáveis...

Reaction cell for in situ soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of heterogeneous catalysis up to 1 atm and 250 °C.

We present a novel in situ reaction cell for heterogeneous catalysis monitored in situ by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). The reaction can be carried out at a total pressure up to 1 atm, a regime that has not been accessible to comparable in situ techniques and thus closes the pressure gap to many industrial standard conditions. Two alternate catalyst geometries were tested: (A) a thin film evaporated directly onto an x-ray transparent membrane with a flowing reaction gas mixture behind it or (B) a powder placed behind both the membrane and a gap of flowing reaction gas mixture. To illustrate the working principle and feasibility of our reaction cell setup we have chosen ethylene epoxidation over a silver catalyst as a test case. The evolution of incorporated oxygen species was monitored by total electron/fluorescence yield O K-XAS as well as O K-RIXS, which is a powerful method to separate contributions from inequivalent sites. We find that our method can reliably detect transient species that exist during catalytic reaction conditions that are hardly accessible using other spectroscopic methods.

Relativistic and interchannel coupling effects in photoionization angular distributions by synchrotron spectrocopy of laser cooled atoms.

We investigate the angular distribution of photoionization fragments at low photon energies (12-40 eV) in an open shell atom, by synchrotron radiation recoil ion momentum spectroscopy in a laser cooled and trapped sample. For cesium atoms, for which relativistic effects play an important role and the ion recoil is relatively small, we could determine large and rapid changes of the asymmetry parameter beta from two, observed for s electrons outside resonances and far from the Cooper minimum. They can be explained by relativistic effects and interchannel coupling arising from final state configuration mixing.