Trasplante pulmonar en la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática y otras enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales / Lung transplantation in pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung diseases

Fundamento y objetivo: Las enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales (EPI) constituyen, después del enfisema, la segunda indicación de trasplante pulmonar (TP). El objetivo del presente estudio es la revisión de los resultados del TP en la EPI en el Hospital Vall d’Hebron (Barcelona). Pacientes y método: Se estudian retrospectivamente 150 pacientes, 87 (58%) varones, con una edad media de 48 años (extremos 20-67), en los que se indicó un TP por una EPI entre agosto de 1990 y enero de 2010, y que representan el 30% del total de TP (150/496) realizados en Cataluña. Ciento cuatro (69%) fueron trasplantes unipulmonares (TUP), y 46 (31%), trasplantes bipulmonares (TBP). Los diagnósticos postoperatorios fueron: 94 (63%) neumonía intersticial usual, 23 (15%) neumonía intersticial no específica, 11(7%) neumonía intersticial no clasificable y un 15% miscelánea. Se describen los resultados funcionales, las complicaciones y la supervivencia. Resultados: La supervivencia actuarial fue del 87, 70 y 53% a uno, 3 y 5 años, respectivamente. Las causas de muerte más frecuentes incluyen la disfunción precoz del injerto y el desarrollo de rechazo crónico en forma de bronquiolitis obliterante (BOS). El incremento medio postoperatorio de la capacidad vital forzada y del forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1, «volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo») fue similar en el TUP y el TBP. El mejor FEV1 posterior al TP se alcanzó al décimo mes (extremos 1-36). El 16% de los pacientes se reintegró al trabajo. En algún momento de la evolución se diagnosticó rechazo agudo, confirmado histológicamente en 53 (35%) pacientes. La prevalencia de BOS entre los supervivientes fue del 20% al año, 45% a los 3 años y del 63% a los 5 años. Conclusión: El TP es hasta ahora el único tratamiento capaz de alargar la vida de los pacientes con EPI avanzada y en nuestro medio ha permitido que uno de cada 6 pacientes haya vuelto a trabajar. Sin embargo, el rechazo crónico sigue siendo el principal problema a resolver en el futuro (AU)

Background and objective: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the second indication for lung transplantation (LT) after emphysema. The aim of this study is to review the results of LT for ILD in Hospital Vall d’Hebron (Barcelona, Spain). Patients and methods: We retrospectively studied 150 patients, 87 (58%) men, mean age 48 (r: 20-67) years between August 1990 and January 2010. One hundred and four (69%) were single lung transplants (SLT) and 46 (31%) bilateral-lung transplants (BLT). The postoperative diagnoses were: 94 (63%) usual interstitial pneumonia, 23 (15%) nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, 11 (7%) unclassifiable interstitial pneumonia and 15% miscellaneous. We describe the functional results, complications and survival. Results: The actuarial survival was 87, 70 and 53% at one, 3 and 5 years respectively. The most frequent causes of death included early graft dysfunction and development of chronic rejection in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS). The mean postoperative increase in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was similar in SLT and BLT. The best FEV1 was reached after 10 (r: 1-36) months. Sixteen percent of patients returned to work. At some point during the evolution, proven acute rejection was diagnosed histologically in 53 (35%) patients. The prevalence of BOS among survivors was 20% per year, 45% at 3 years and 63% at 5 years. Conclusions: LT is the best treatment option currently available for ILD, in which medical treatment has failed (AU)

[Lung transplantation in pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung diseases]. / Trasplante pulmonar en la fibrosis pulmonar idiopática y otras enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the second indication for lung transplantation (LT) after emphysema. The aim of this study is to review the results of LT for ILD in Hospital Vall d'Hebron (Barcelona, Spain). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 150 patients, 87 (58%) men, mean age 48 (r: 20-67) years between August 1990 and January 2010. One hundred and four (69%) were single lung transplants (SLT) and 46 (31%) bilateral-lung transplants (BLT). The postoperative diagnoses were: 94 (63%) usual interstitial pneumonia, 23 (15%) nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, 11 (7%) unclassifiable interstitial pneumonia and 15% miscellaneous. We describe the functional results, complications and survival. RESULTS: The actuarial survival was 87, 70 and 53% at one, 3 and 5 years respectively. The most frequent causes of death included early graft dysfunction and development of chronic rejection in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS). The mean postoperative increase in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was similar in SLT and BLT. The best FEV1 was reached after 10 (r: 1-36) months. Sixteen percent of patients returned to work. At some point during the evolution, proven acute rejection was diagnosed histologically in 53 (35%) patients. The prevalence of BOS among survivors was 20% per year, 45% at 3 years and 63% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: LT is the best treatment option currently available for ILD, in which medical treatment has failed.