ABSTRACT
Since more than 50 million people in the United States have allergies, knowledge of the management of allergic reactions in the dental office is extremely important. Appropriate care may range from a simple referral to a primary care physician to lifesaving measures implemented during acute anaphylactic reactions. The authors present a basic review of the pathophysiology of allergic reactions and provide information detailing the diagnosis and management of allergic reactions that may be encountered in the dental office. Utilizing this information, the dental practitioner and ancillary staff will have a thorough understanding of allergic reactions and be prepared to successfully identify and treat these reactions.
Subject(s)
Airway Management , Anaphylaxis , Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Hypersensitivity , Latex Hypersensitivity , Anaphylaxis/diagnosis , Anaphylaxis/drug therapy , Angioedema/chemically induced , Angioedema/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Drug Hypersensitivity/drug therapy , Drug Hypersensitivity/physiopathology , Emergency Treatment , Epinephrine/therapeutic use , Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use , Humans , Laryngeal Edema/chemically induced , Laryngeal Edema/therapy , Latex Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Latex Hypersensitivity/physiopathology , Pharmaceutical Preparations, Dental/adverse effects , Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Crohn's disease is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory disorder which may involve any segment of the bowel from mouth to anus. The mucocutaneous manifestations of Crohn's disease in the orofacial region are multiple, including oral Crohn's disease, metastatic Crohn's disease in sites noncontiguous with the bowel system, and reactive disorders such as pyoderma gangrenosum. Clinicians should be familiar with these extraintestinal manifestations and include this important and often serious disease in the evaluation of patients with selected orofacial disorders. The recognition of these manifestations may help prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment, and facilitates timely diagnosis, palliation and definitive therapy.
Subject(s)
Crohn Disease/pathology , Facial Dermatoses/etiology , Mouth Diseases/etiology , Crohn Disease/therapy , Facial Dermatoses/pathology , Facial Dermatoses/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Diseases/pathology , Mouth Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a unique cardiovascular condition, with both congenital and acquired forms that afflict patients. These patients show a lengthening of the repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle, which can be best visualized on an electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG changes can include QT interval (the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave, as seen on an ECG) and T wave abnormalities, as well as progression to torsades de pointes and ventricular fibrillation. The ECG changes are most commonly elicited by physical activity, emotional stress, and certain medications. This condition represents a challenge for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. Patients with LQTS must receive proper medical management and a controlled and anxiety-free surgical environment. The purpose of this article was to present a review of LQTS and provide recommendations for effective surgical management. Additionally, a case report of a patient with LQTS, treated by one of the authors, has been included.
