ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: New techniques for diagnosing hereditary haemochromatosis (HHC) have become available alongside traditional tests such as liver biopsy and serum iron studies. AIM: To evaluate DNA tests in people suspected of having haemochromatosis at clinical presentation compared to liver biopsy, and in family members of those diagnosed with haemochromatosis compared to phenotypic iron studies in UK. METHODS: Decision analytic models were constructed to compare the costs and consequences of the diagnostic strategies for a hypothetical cohort of people with suspected haemochromatosis. For each strategy, the number of cases of haemochromatosis identified and treated and the resources used were estimated. RESULTS: For diagnostic strategies in people suspected clinically of having haemochromatosis, the DNA strategy is cost saving compared to liver biopsy (cost saved per case detected, 123 pounds) and continues to be so across all ranges of parameters. For family testing, the DNA strategy is cost saving for the offspring of the proband but not for siblings. If the DNA test cost were to reduce by 40% to 60 pounds or, if in the phenotypic model, those with initially normal iron indices were retested twice instead of once, the DNA strategy would be the cheaper one. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic strategies involving DNA testing are likely to be cost saving in clinical cases with iron overload and in the offspring of index cases. This study supports the UK guideline recommendations for the use of DNA testing in UK.
Subject(s)
DNA/analysis , Decision Support Techniques , Hemochromatosis/diagnosis , Iron Overload/diagnosis , Iron/blood , Biopsy/economics , Biopsy/methods , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Decision Trees , Female , Genetic Markers/genetics , Genetic Testing , Hemochromatosis/genetics , Humans , Iron Overload/genetics , Liver/pathology , Male , Phenotype , Sensitivity and Specificity , Trace Elements , United KingdomABSTRACT
The diagnosis of fibrosis within liver disease is important for prognosis, stratification for treatment, and monitoring of treatment efficacy. The rising incidence and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has driven the search for accurate non-invasive tools of liver fibrosis within this condition. With the aid of a systematic review, we explore how the field has evolved from the discovery of simple blood parameters to panel markers of liver fibrosis. We will discuss the biological plausibility, limitations, potential uses, and emerging diagnostic techniques of non-invasive markers in this rapidly expanding field.
