[Effect of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on the individual functional systems of the body]. / Vliianie nizkochastotnykh élektromagnitnykh polei na otdel'nye funktsional'nye sistemy organizma.

This paper is a review of recent publications about the effects of low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) (constant and pulsed) on the cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and blood systems of experimental animals and industrial workers exposed to them. It is reported that the regulatory systems (nervous and endocrine) are highly sensitive to EMF. It is obvious that investigations of hormone-receptor interactions can help better understand EMF effects on the endocrine system and the body as a whole. Published data about EMF effects on the cardiovascular system and blood are often contradictory, probably, because of different estimates of allowable limits recognized in various countries. It is hypothesized that circulatory changes are largely dependent on the central regulatory structures, particularly hypothalamus. White blood responses to the exposure, being most significant among hematological reactions, are also induced, to a certain extent, by regulatory mechanisms. The EMF effects may depend on the initial state and individual properties of the biological organism. It is postulated that the EMF effects on regulatory mechanisms may be related to primary disorders in cellular and mitochondrial membranes.

[Reaction of the endocrine system and peripheral blood of rats to a single and chronic exposure to pulsed low-frequency electromagnetic field]. / Reaktsiia éndokrinnoi sistemy i perifericheskoi krovi krys na odnokratnoe i khronicheskoe vozdeistviia impul'snogo élektro- magnitnogo polia nizkoi chastoty.

Wistar male rats underwent a single exposure for 20 min, 1 and 2.5 hour to a pulsed electromagnetic field of 20 mT or a single exposure for 2.5 hour and a chronic exposure for 6 hours a day during 30 days to a pulsed electromagnetic field of 0.1 mT, the pulse time and an interval between pulses being 10(-2) sec. As a result, the experimental animals showed changes in the activity of the adrenals, thyroid and sex glands as well as eosinopenia and lymphopenia. The concentration of thyroid hormones and lymphocytes remained lowered during 2 months after a single exposure to 20 mT. In some cases the exposure modified the physiological responses of rats to an acute stress-5-hour immobilization.

[Recovery of hemopoiesis in rats irradiated in space]. / Vosstanovlenie gemopoéza u krys, obluchennykh v usloviiakh kosmosa.

Repair regeneration of hemopoiesis of rats exposed to gamma irradiation with doses of 220 and 800 rad in space flight was studied. There was an insignificant difference in the dynamics of the most blood and bone marrow formed elements. It can be concluded that myelopoiesis in space flight was more active than on the Earth. Irradiation of animals with 800 rad aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-690 induced more pronounced hemopoietic changes than the ground-based exposure (on the 1st-2nd post-flight day the count of myelokaryocytes and lymphocytes in bone marrow decreased). The Most hematological parameters returned to the norm on the 36-37th post-irradiation day (on the 26th postflight day).

Effect of irradiation in the space environment on the blood-forming system in rats.

A special experiment was carried out on board Cosmos 690 [correction of 605] in order to study the modifying influence of weightlessness on the radiobiological effect. On the tenth flight day 35 rats were exposed to irradiation using an on-board gamma-ray source. They were irradiated for 24 hours at a dose rate of 32 rads/hr with a total dose of 220 +/- 25 rads and 800 +/- 53 rads. On the 1st and 26th post-flight days haemopoiesis in bone marrow (determined from myelograms and the total count of myelo-karyocytes) was examined and the blood composition was analysed. The total count of thymocytes and spleenocytes was measured in the thymus and spleen. Identical measurements were made in the control animals exposed to irradiation on the earth. The haematological findings indicate an enhancement of the radiobiological effect in the rats irradiated in space flight.