Natural sources of intense ultra-high-frequency radiation in high-voltage atmospheric discharges.

We study the sources of intense ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radiation (in the frequency range 1-6 GHz) arising during the development of high-voltage atmospheric discharges. The discharges were initiated in a long discharge gap by applying an approximately 1-MV pulse with positive or negative polarity. By employing a radio registration system based on ultrawideband antennas, we managed to localize the UHF radiation sources in the discharge with centimeter accuracy and investigate their temporal and spatial correlation with the discharge structures. The vast majority of the localized sources turned out to be concentrated in the near-electrode regions. It is found that the generation mechanism of intense UHF radiation in a laboratory discharge cannot be unambiguously associated with such basic processes as the head-on collision of opposite-polarity streamers or the interaction of single streamers with the near-electrode plasma at the surface of metal electrodes. We discovered that the observed UHF emission appears basically as a precursor of the intense plasma development in a certain discharge region, whereinto a bright counterstreamer comes a bit later. The findings were confirmed by the statistical observations and results of imaging the dynamics of the discharge structures with a nanosecond temporal resolution.

The application of Vavilov's approaches to the phylogeny and evolution of cultivated species of the genus Avena L.

The central problem that Vavilov was investigating was the overall concept of global plant genetic resources. The theoretical basis of this concept consisted of the law of homologous series in variation, research on the problem of species as a system, botanical and geographical bases of plant breeding, and the key theory of the centers of origin of cultivated plants. The VIR global collection of plant genetic resources collected by Vavilov and his associates from all over the world reflects the fullness of botanical, morphological and genetic diversity, and can be used for historical, evolutionary, phylogenetic and applied breeding research aimed at unlocking the potential of all the collection material. The whole diversity of cultivated oats, as was proved by Vavilov, had originated from segetal weeds. This process can be clearly traced in Spain on the example of the cultivated diploid species A. strigosa, A. abyssinica in Ethiopia, A. byzantina in Turkey and Iran, and on segetal forms of A. sativa. The studies of the morphological features as a whole do not yield a complete picture of the evolutionary and systematic status of some oat species and forms. The methods and approaches that use DNA markers and genomic technologies, and are promising for the study of oat polymorphism and phylogeny have been actively researched recently. A number of works devoted to the molecular aspects of the evolution and phylogeny of the genus Avena have recently appeared. The research uses various markers of genes, gene regions, intergenic spacers (internal and external), both nuclear and chloroplast and mitochondrial, genomic approaches and other modern methods. On the basis of a comprehensive study of the complete intraspecific diversity from different zones of the distribution range of cultivated oat species as well as on the basis of an analysis of data on the geography of forms and species distribution ranges, it was established that the process of hexaploid species formation also took place in the western part of the Mediterranean, and subsequently, when moving eastward, these forms started occupying all the vast spaces in the region of the Southwest Asian center, forming a large intraspecific diversity of wild forms and weedy ones in transit to cultivated hexaploid oat species. An analysis of the intraspecific diversity of landraces has specified the centers of morphogenesis of all cultivated oat species. The phylogenetic analysis of the representative intraspecific diversity of cultivated and wild Avena species carried out using next generation sequencing (NGS) showed that diploid species with A-genome variants are in fact not primary diploids, but a peculiar Mediterranean introgressive hybridization complex of species that sporadically enter into interspecific hybridization. It was established that the tetraploid cultivated species A. abyssinica had most likely originated from the wild A. vaviloviana. An analysis of the ways of A. sativa and A. byzantina domestication showed that the most widespread ribotype of the A. sativa hexaploid was inherited from A. ludoviciana, and the second most widespread one, from A. magna, while A. byzantina has two unique ribotype families, most likely inherited from an extinct oat species or a still undiscovered cryptospecies.

Electromagnetic emissions in the MHz and GHz frequency ranges driven by the streamer formation processes.

We provide comprehensive data on the spectral and temporal characteristics of low-frequency (LF) (MHz) and high-frequency (HF) (GHz) radio emissions and investigate their correlation with the streamer formation. We show that the propagation of streamers from the cathode is accompanied only by the LF radio emission (10-150 MHz). In contrast, the HF radio emission (1-4 GHz) arises during the travel of counterstreamers from the anode, which is also indicated by radio interferometric measurements. The power of the LF radio emission sharply increases almost synchronously with that of the HF radio emission. We find that the HF radio emission has a complex spectral and temporal structure and appears as multiple short (less than 1 ns) bursts characterized by various frequency components, existing in subnanosecond time intervals.

The use of an Inhaled Surfactant in Patients With Severe and Extremely Severe new Coronavirus Infection COVID-19 With Concomitant Cardiovascular Pathology.

Aim      To study the effectiveness of nebulized surfactant therapy as a part of a multimodality treatment of severe and extremely severe COVID-19 viral pneumonia with concomitant cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).Material and methods  This retrospective controlled study analyzed a multimodality treatment of 38 patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19 viral pneumonia and concomitant CVDs who were administered nebulized surfactant for correction of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The control group consisted of 105 patients with severe and extremely severe novel coronavirus infection with concomitant CVDs who were not administered surfactant as a part of the multimodality therapy.Results Administration of nebulized surfactant as a part of the multimodality treatment in patients with COVID-19 allowed alleviating the severity of respiratory insufficiency (р<0.001), which decreased the death rate of patients with severe and extremely severe COVID-19 and undoubtedly demonstrated the effectiveness of this medicine. The timely multimodality therapy, including nebulized surfactant, improves the course of the disease. Thus, the absence of a possibility for administering nebulized surfactant for more than 4 days was associated with fatal outcomes (р=0.045).Conclusion      Administration of nebulized surfactant as a part of the multimodality treatment of severe and extremely severe COVID-19 and concomitant CVDs increases the survival (р<0.001) and reduces the mortality by 46 %. The risk factors of an unfavorable outcome of this disease include an age older than 65 (р=0.020), a positive polymerase chain reaction test (р=0.037), a ferritin concentration at baseline >600 mg /ml (р<0.001), and a surfactant treatment duration < 4 days (р=0.045). Further study of the efficacy of nebulized surfactants as a part of the multimodality therapy is required and should include randomized clinical trials with a large number of patients and the development of distinct criteria for the treatment of ARDS.

Streamer formation processes trigger intense x-ray and high-frequency radio emissions in a high-voltage discharge.

For a laboratory discharge initiated in a long air gap by a microsecond megavolt pulse, we simultaneously register wideband high-frequency microwave and hard-x-ray emissions and thoroughly analyze the temporal relationship of the emissions depending on the discharge evolution. The temporal structure of microwave radiation is found to consist of numerous short intense bursts with high-frequency components. We directly show that x-ray and microwave emissions can appear almost synchronously in the discharge but only when a complex net of countless plasma channels forms and spans the entire discharge gap. The channel formation is closely related to the intense development of multiple streamers.

Histological Justification for the Need of Radiofrequency Ablation of Pulmonary Arteries in Patients with High-Grade Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension.

The aim of the study was to perform a histological assessment of the effectiveness of radiofrequency exposure for circular denervation of the pulmonary artery in patients with secondary high pulmonary hypertension. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on the autopsy material derived from non-operated patients. Three groups were formed. The experimental group included the material (207 histological samples) from the patients with chronic high pulmonary hypertension arising on the background of mitral heart disease. The samples of this group were exposed to circular radiofrequency ablation. In the comparison group, we used autopsy material (24 samples) obtained from the patients with high pulmonary hypertension. The control group included material (35 samples) from the patients without pulmonary hypertension who died from causes not associated with cardiovascular diseases. The samples of the comparison and control groups were not exposed to radiofrequency.Visual evaluation of the damage to the vascular wall was performed after hematoxylin and eosin staining, according to Van Gieson. Damage to the nerve plexuses was evaluated after their impregnation by silver salts. To assess the degree of damage to the vascular wall on the stained sections, a scoring method of semi-quantitative analysis of the observed pathological processes (fibrinoid necrosis, metachromasia, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, fibrinoid and mucoid swelling, lipid presence) was used. Silver salt impregnation allowed visualizing damage to the reticular fibers, trunks and endings of peripheral nerve fibers. Results: The mean optical density of the ablation group was statistically significantly lower than in the comparison and control groups (p<0.001). The mean specific area of tissue dissociation was higher in the "marginal zones" of the ablated sections, under pronounced mechanical compression in these areas. The difference in the mean areas of the argentophilic samples of the ablation and comparison and control groups was expressed in a lower percentage of argentophilic fibrous structures (p<0.05). At the same time, the highest concentration of argentophilic structures was observed in the comparison group, which points to a bigger content of nerve fiber structures in the patients with high pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion: The results of the histological study demonstrated the feasibility of radiofrequency ablation of the pulmonary arteries in patients with high-grade secondary pulmonary hypertension. Radiofrequency denervation leads to the destruction of the sympathetic ganglia in the adventitial layer of the pulmonary arteries, which are responsible for the spasm of the precapillary bed of the pulmonary circulation, which promotes vasodilation, an increase in the vascular bed, and, as a result, a reduction in pulmonary hypertension.

Perspectives of using Illumina MiSeq for identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) form one of the most common symbiosis with the majority of land plants. AMF supply the plant with various mineral elements, primarily phosphorus, and improve the water supply. The search for the most effective AMF strains for symbiosis and the creation of microbial preparations on that basis is an important task for modern biology. Owing to the difficulties of cultivation without a host plant and their high genetic polymorphism, identifying AMF is very difficult. A high number of cryptic species often makes morphological identification unreliable. Recent years have seen a growth in the number of AMF biodiversity studies performed by modern NGS-based methods, Illumina MiSeq in particular. Currently, there are still many questions that remain for the identification of AМF. The most important are whether conservative or variable sequences should be used to select a marker for barcoding and whether universal primers or those specific to AMF should be used. In our work, we have successfully used universal primers ITS3 and ITS4 for the sequencing in Illumina MiSeq of the 5.8S rDNA - ITS2 region of the 35S rRNA genes, which contain both a conservative and variable regions. The molecular genetic approach for AMF identification was quite effective and allowed us to reliably identify eight of nine isolates to the species level: five isolates of Rhizophagus irregularis, and one isolate of R. invermaius, Paraglomus laccatum, and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, respectively. For all five R. irregularis isolates, high variability in the ITS region and the absence of ecotopic-related molecular characters in the ITS2 region were demonstrated. The NCBI data is still insufficient for accurate AMF identification of Acaulospora sp. isolates from the genus to the species level.

Restoration of hand function with long-term paired associative stimulation after chronic incomplete tetraplegia: a case study.

Introduction: This case study explores the gains in hand function in an individual with a chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). The intervention was long-term paired associative simulation (PAS). We aimed to provide PAS until full recovery of hand muscle strength occurred, or until improvements ceased. Case presentation: A 46-year-old man with traumatic C7 AIS B tetraplegia was administered PAS three times per week. After 24 weeks, PAS was combined with concomitant motor training of the remaining weak hand muscles. Outcome measures included the manual muscle test (MMT), motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), F-responses, hand functional tests, and the spinal cord independence measure (SCIM). Discussion: After 47 weeks of PAS the subject had improved self-care and indoor mobility and was able to perform complex motor tasks (SCIM score improved from 40 to 56). His left hand regained maximum MMT score (total 75; increase of score from baseline condition 19); the effect remained stable in the 32-week follow up. In the right-hand muscles, MMT scores of 4-5 were observed in follow up (total 71; increase from baseline 48). Improved values were also observed in other outcomes. This is the first demonstration of long-term PAS restoring muscle strength corresponding to MMT scores of 4-5 in an individual with chronic SCI. The effect persisted for several months, indicating that PAS induces stable plastic changes in the corticospinal pathway.

[Choice of reconstructive operation in lesions of femoropopliteotibial segment and dubious outflow pathways]. / Vybor rekonstruktivnoi operatsii pri porazheniiakh arterii bedrenno-podkolenno-bertsovogo segmenta i somnitel'nykh putiakh ottoka.

We analysed the results of surgical treatment of 40 patients with lower limb critical ischaemia induced by atherosclerotic lesion of arteries of the femoropopliteotibial segment with dubious outflow pathways. The patients were divided into two groups of 20 each. Group One patients underwent autovenous femoropopliteal or tibial bypass grafting below the fissure of the knee joint and Group Two patients were subjected to profundoplasty with closure of the arteriotomic opening with an autovenous patch. The outflow pathway index in Group One amounted to 7.5±0.09 and in Group Two to 7.45±0.08. Our findings suggest that the use of profundoplasty as reconstructive operation in patients with dubious outflow pathways is pathogenetically substantiated, because it makes it possible to decrease the rate of early postoperative complications by 20% and that of late bypass thromboses by 25%, as well as to increase the level of the physical component of health by 12.1% and that of mental health by 3.2%. A conclusion drawn is that performing profundoplasty in this cohort of patients is appropriate and effective.

Antibacterial Effect of Thiosulfinates on Multiresistant Strains of Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis.

The multiresistance of A. ruhlandii 155B, B. cenocepacia 122, and P. aeruginosa 48B strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis was established. The antibacterial effect of allicin, dimethyl thiosulfinate, and dipropyl thiosulfinate on multidrug-resistant strains was shown. Thiosulfinates can have both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects depending on the microorganism and the concentration. The studied thiosulfinates may be candidates for the development of alternative antibiotic drugs to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens.

[Effectiveness of biological prosthesis for femoro-femoral bypass in high risk patients]. / Éffektivnost' biologicheskogo proteza pri bedrenno-bedrennom shuntirovanii u lits s vysokim operatsionnym riskom.

AIM: To compare synthetic and biological prostheses for femoral bypass surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: There were 40 patients with critical ischemia of lower extremities due to atherosclerotic lesion of aorto-iliac segment and severe comorbidities. They were divided into 2 groups by 20 patients. C-shaped femoro-femoral bypass with synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene and lavsan prostheses was performed in the first group and S-shaped bypass procedure with biological prosthesis from the internal thoracic arteries of the bull - in the second group. RESULTS: Biological prosthesis is associated with reduced early postoperative morbidity by 10%, late graft thrombosis incidence by 20% and increased physical and psychological health by 7.1%. CONCLUSION: S-shaped femoro-femoral bypass with a biological prosthesis from the internal thoracic arteries of the bull is pathogenetically substantiated and effective.

Renal denervation with a resistant arterial hypertension: the results of a five-year follow-up.

AIM: To evaluate the 5-year results of renal denervation (RDN) in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 14 patients to whom, during the 2011-2013 period RDN has been completed. Before and after the intervention, office blood pressure, quality of life indicators according to the EQ-5D questionnaire, mass index bodies, indicators of kidney function were duly assessed. RESULTS: Five years after RDN, office BP decreased from 165/110 to 139/95 mm Hg. Art. (p<0.05), with the average number of of drugs decreased from 4.6 to 3.1. 12 months after the RDA, the quality of Life, based on the questionnaire EQ-5D has increased from 60 to 80 points, by the fifth year the indicator fell to 74 points. Body mass index during 5 years decreased from 33.8 ± 3.5 to 30.9 ± 3.0 kg/m2. Mean plasma creatinine initially and after 5 years remained within the normal range, the mean the GFR score after 5 years being decreased by 9.5 ml/min/1.73 m2. CONCLUSION: RDN can be regarded as effective and safe method of additional treatment of patients with resistant hypertension.

Solar energy converters based on multi-junction photoemission solar cells.

Multi-junction solar cells with multiple p-n junctions made of different semiconductor materials have multiple bandgaps that allow reducing the relaxation energy loss and substantially increase the power-conversion efficiency. The choice of materials for each sub-cell is very limited due to the difficulties in extracting the current between the layers caused by the requirements for lattice- and current-matching. We propose a new vacuum multi-junction solar cell with multiple p-n junctions separated by vacuum gaps that allow using different semiconductor materials as cathode and anode, both activated to the state of effective negative electron affinity (NEA). In this work, the compact proximity focused vacuum tube with the GaAs(Cs,O) photocathode and AlGaAs/GaAs-(Cs,O) anode with GaAs quantum wells (QWs) is used as a prototype of a vacuum single-junction solar cell. The photodiode with the p-AlGaAs/GaAs anode showed the spectral power-conversion efficiency of about 1% at V bias = 0 in transmission and reflection modes, while, at V bias = 0.5 V, the efficiency increased up to 10%. In terms of energy conservation, we found the condition at which the energy cathode-to-anode transition was close to 1. Considering only the energy conservation part, the NEA-cell power-conversion efficiency can rich a quantum yield value which is measured up to more than 50%.

[Hypertensive urgency or high blood pressure variability?] / Neoslozhnennyi gipertonicheskii kriz ili vysokaya variabel'nost' arterial'nogo davleniya?

Hypertensive urgency (HU) is a common reason particularly for elderly patients to seek medical advice. Severe asymptomatic hypertension and situational high blood pressure (BP) in patients with its high variability is frequently taken as HU. The use of short-acting antihypertensive drugs is not only indicated in these situations, but it may also increase the risk of cardiovascular events (CVE). Over the past decade, increased BP variability is an independent predictor for a higher risk of CVE. Among the major groups of antihypertensive drugs, there are calcium antagonists, mainly amlodipine, which has the greatest potential to reduce BP variability. Thus, calcium antagonists can be considered as first-line drugs for patients with high BP variability.

Plasma methionine depletion and pharmacokinetic properties in mice of methionine γ-lyase from Citrobacter freundii, Clostridium tetani and Clostridium sporogenes.

PK studies were carried out after a single i.v. administration of 500 and 1000 U/kg by measuring of MGL activity in plasma samples. L-methionine concentration was measured by mass spectrometry. After single i.v. injection of 500U/kg the circulating T1/2 of enzymes in mice varies from 73 to 123min. The AUC0-tinf values determined for MGL 500U/kg from C. freundii, C. tetani and C. sporogenes are 8.21±0.28, 9.04±0.33 and 13.88±0.39U/(ml×h), respectively. Comparison of PK parameters of three MGL sources in the dose of 500U/kg indicated the MGL C. sporogenes to have better PK parameters: clearance 0.83(95%CI: 0.779-0.871) - was lower than C. tetanii 1.27(95%CI: 1.18-1.36) and C. freundii 1.39(95%CI: 1.30-1.49). Mice plasma methionine decreased to undetectable level 10min after MGL 1000 U/kg injection. After MGL C. sporogenes 500U/kg injection plasma methionine level completely omitted after 10min till 6h, assuming the sustainability of negligible levels of methionine (<5µM) in plasma of mice for about 6h. The recovery of methionine concentration showed the advantageous efficiency of MGL from C. sporogenes: 95% 0.010-0.022 vs 0.023-0.061 for MGL C. freundii and 0.036-0.056 for MGL C. tetani. There are no significant differences between methionine cleavage after MGL C. tetani and MGL C. sporogenes i.v. injection at all doses. MGL from C. sporogenes may be considered as promising enzyme for further investigation as potential anticancer agent.

[Polymorphic sites in transcribed spacers of 35S rRNA genes as an indicator of origin of the Paeonia cultivars].

Region ITS1­5.8S rDNA­ITS2 is sequenced in 27 varieties of cultivated ornamental peonies, ten of which presumably originate from Paeonia lactiflora, one from P. officinalis, 13 from hybridization of P. lactiflora and P. peregrina, or P. officinalis, and three are Itoh hybrids. Comparative analysis of distribution patterns of polymorphic sites (PS) for the obtained DNA sequences and data from GenBank is carried out. Hypotheses of origin of the studied varieties, except for two, which, as previously assumed, originate from hybridization of P. lactiflora and P. peregrina, are confirmed. It is shown that the sequence ITS1­5.8S rDNA­ITS2 is a good genetic marker for cultivars of the P. lactiflora group and Itoh hybrids, and that the PS distribution patterns in these sequences can provide valuable information on the kinship and origin of individual varieties. However, insufficient knowledge of wild species from the P. officinalis kinship group limits the use of this marker in the study of varieties obtained through interspecific hybridization within the Paeonia section.

[Genome: Origins and evolution of the term].

The appearance of a new scientific term is a significant event in the human cognitive process and the result of the realization of the separateness of an object or a phenomenon. Our article concentrates on the origins of basic genetic terms, such as genetics, gene, genotype, genome, gene pool, and genomics. We propose using the term karyogenomics for the special direction of genomics related to the study of the organization and evolution of eukaryotic genomes by means of modern chromosome analysis, as well as by full genome sequencing.

[CHOICE OF PROSTHESIS IN AXILLOFEMORAL BYPASS IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH RISK AND MULTILEVEL LESIONS OF LOWER LIMB ARTERIES].

An analysis of results of experimental research was made in 60 patients with critical ischemia of lower extremities due to bilaterally atherosclerotic lesions of aorto-iliac segment, which had a high operationally anaesthetic risk. Synthetic polytetrafluoethylene prosthesis or biological shunt from internal pectoral bull arteries were used as a shunt. Revasculization was performed through the system of arteria profunda femoris considering multilevel lesions of lower limb arteries. An application of biological prosthesis allowed decreasing the rate of early postoperative complications on 13,3% , late thromboses--on 30%, extending the medium term of shunt functioning in 1.8%, improving physical component of health on 12.8% and mental--on 9.1% during the immediate postoperative period. The experiments on rabbits were carried out. It was shown, that biological prosthesis had the greatest biological compatibility.

[Use of a biological graft for subclavian-femoral bypassing in patients at operational-anaesthesiological risk].

UNLABELLED: Analysed herein are the results of an experimental study performed on 30 rabbits and a clinical study of treating a total of 60 patients presenting with critical ischaemia of lower limbs on the background of bilateral atherosclerotic lesions of the aortoiliac segment and running high operational-anaesthesiological risk. The animals were subdivided into three groups: an intact group consisting of 6 animals and two study groups comprising 12 rabbits each. In the first study group onto the wall of the abdominal aorta we implanted a synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis, the second study group animals received biological graft "Kemangioprotez" from bovine internal thoracic arteries. The biological prosthesis on day three after implantation onto the arterial wall induced 3.2 times and on day seven 1.2 times more pronounced inflammatory reaction than the polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis. 30 days after implantation of the synthetic graft the degree of repair connective-tissue processes in the arterial wall was 1.8-fold and 70 days after was 3.3-fold more pronounced than after implantation of the biological prosthesis at the same terms. In the connective-tissue capsule around the synthetic prosthesis predominated cellular elements while around the biological prosthesis - fibrous structures predominated. The patients were subdivided into 2 groups consisting of 30 patients each. In Group One patients the shunt used was a synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis, in Group Two being a biological graft from bovine internal thoracic arteries. All patients suffered from severe concomitant diseases in the decompensation stage and a multi-level lesion of lower-limb arteries. Revascularization of the ischaemized extremity was carried out through the system of the deep femoral artery system. The use of a biological prosthesis made it possible in the immediate postoperative period to decrease the frequency of early postoperative complications by 13.3%, that of late graft thromboses by 30%, to prolong the average term of grafts functioning 1.8-fold, to increase the physical component of health by 12.8% and the mental one by 9.1%. CONCLUSION: For femorosubclavian shunting in high-risk patients it is appropriate to use a biological graft while establishing a distal anastomosis with the deep femoral artery.

Sulfoxides, Analogues of L-Methionine and L-Cysteine As Pro-Drugs against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.

The problem of resistance to antibiotics requires the development of new classes of broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs. The concept of pro-drugs allows researchers to look for new approaches to obtain effective drugs with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Thiosulfinates, formed enzymatically from amino acid sulfoxides upon crushing cells of genus Allium plants, are known as antimicrobial compounds. The instability and high reactivity of thiosulfinates complicate their use as individual antimicrobial compounds. We propose a pharmacologically complementary pair: an amino acid sulfoxide pro-drug and vitamin B6 - dependent methionine γ-lyase, which metabolizes it in the patient's body. The enzyme catalyzes the γ- and ß-elimination reactions of sulfoxides, analogues of L-methionine and L-cysteine, which leads to the formation of thiosulfinates. In the present work, we cloned the enzyme gene from Clostridium sporogenes. Ionic and tautomeric forms of the internal aldimine were determined by lognormal deconvolution of the holoenzyme spectrum and the catalytic parameters of the recombinant enzyme in the γ- and ß-elimination reactions of amino acids, and some sulfoxides of amino acids were obtained. For the first time, the possibility of usage of the enzyme for effective conversion of sulfoxides was established and the antimicrobial activity of thiosulfinates against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in situ was shown.