[The Role of Ecological Factors in Acute Enteric Infection Morbidity of Population of the People's Republic of Bangladesh].

The studying of influence of natural factors on distribution of acute intestinal infections in the territory of the People's Republic of Bangladesh was organized and carried out for the first time. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The country occupies the 8th place of population density making up to 1237,51 people per km2. It is one of the poorest states in Asia with annual income per capita $520 (as of 2008) whereas the average world income per capita makes up to $10 200. One more feature of Bangladesh is the country annually is exposed to large number of natural disasters and the most frequent is flood. The dense population, poverty, unsatisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions, illiteracy promote wide circulation in Bangladesh of acute intestinal infections which take first place in the structure of general incidence of the population of the country. It is shown that the nature of spread of acute intestinal infections in the country is defined by ecological, demographic, social and economic and sanitary and hygienic factors. As a result of a complex ecological hygienic research of the causes of wide circulation of acute intestinal diseases among population of the country the correlation relationship between natural features, social and ecological conditions and incidence for each of 64 administrative regions of the People's Re-public of Bangladesh were revealed. On the basis of the obtained regularities the recommendations were submitted to decrease epidemiological tension in the country related to diarrheal diseases.

Effect of Herbal Homeopathic Monopreparations on the Rate of Tissue Lymphatic Drainage in Healthy Mice.

We studied the effects of homeopathic monopreparations of plant origin Atropa Belladonna and Rhus toxicodendron in three dilutions (potencies) on interstitial humoral transport in healthy laboratory mice assessed by the rate of excretion of the lymphotropic label from the mesentery according to the Oyvin's method (vital biomicroscopy of intestinal mesentery in small animals). The homeopathic monopreparations exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the interstitial transport and lymphatic drainage in tissues of healthy mice.

[Methodological aspects of the assessment of phytotoxicic properties of ice-melter reagents].

One of the main criteria which determine the possibility of the use of a particular type of ice-melter reagents (IMR) is the degree of their safety for the environment and human health, which is reflected in the establishment of safe doses and concentrations. In this regard, the current area of research is to improve the ecological and epidemiological principles of risk assessment of modern types of anti-icing agents. Currently available data concerning monitoring soil studies and the snow held in various cities of Russia, show that there is a process of accumulation of the main components of IMR - sodium and chlorine ions in the areas related to the roadway. The article is designated a problem of existing methodological approaches to the assessment of the phytotoxic impact in the investigation of anti-icing agents in the laboratory. There was executed the comparative characteristics of the results of the preliminary pilot studies on the phytotoxic properties of IMR under using different substrates for germination of seeds - soil and filter paper. The data obtained are characterized by differences in the degree of phytotoxic action of the same species depending upon ice-melter reagents methodical setting circuit laboratory experiment. As a result, there was shown the imperfection of the existing method of rapid analysis in relation to ice-melter materials (IMM).

Antiarrhythmic effect of uridine and uridine-5'-monophosphate in acute myocardial ischemia.

Experiments on rats with acute myocardial ischemia accompanied by early postocclusive arrhythmias have shown normalizing, energy-stabilizing, and antiarrhythmic effects of uridine and uridine-5'-monophosphate. The drugs decreased lactate and restored reserves of glycogen and creatine phosphate depleted by ischemia. Uridine and uridine-5'-monophosphate significantly decreased the severity of ventricular arrhythmias. Both drugs reduced the incidence and duration of fibrillation. Uridine -5'-monophosphate demonstrated most pronounced antifibrillatory effectiveness. We hypothesize that the antiarrhythmic effect of the drugs is determined by their capacity to activate energy metabolism.

[Mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel. 2. The role of the channel in protection of the heart against ischemia].

The cardioprotective properties of pharmacological and metabolic activators of mitoKATP are reviewed. Metabolic activators of the channels and data on their cardioprotective properties are discussed in the review. The authors adduce their own data concerning cardioprotective properties of mitoKATP channel metabolic activator (UDP). In experimental animals, UDP precursors, uridine and UMP, decrease myocardial ischemic alteration index and T-wave amplitude within 60 min after occlusion of the left coronary artery. Both effects are prevented by mitoKATP channel inhibitors, glibenclamide and 5-HD. UMP and uridine possess antiarrhythmic properties as well. These preparations decrease the number of premature ventricular beats, the duration of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation, and these effects are eliminated mainly by glibenclamide. Thus, mitoKATP plays a significant role in prevention of both ischemic lesions and rhythm disorders. The prospects of application of metabolic activators to prevent and treat myocardial infarction are discussed.

Comparative study of cardioprotective effects of uridine-5'-monophosphate and uridine-5'-triphosphate during the early periods of acute myocardial ischemia.

In experiments on rats, uridine-5'-monophosphate and uridine-5'-triphosphate reduced the intensity of anaerobic glycolysis and preserved glycogen stores and creatine phosphate balance during the first 60 min after occlusion of the left coronary artery. However, the energy-protective effect of uridine-5'-triphosphate developed 15 min later than the effect of uridine-5'-monophosphate. Uridine-5'-monophosphate, but not uridine-5'-triphosphate, reduced T wave amplitude on ECG and decreased the volume of ischemic injury to the myocardium.

[The effect of uridine and uridine nucleotides on isolated rat heart performance in regional myocardial ischemia]. / Vliianie uridina i uridinovykh nukleotidov na raboty izolirovannogo serdtsa krys pri regionarnoi ischemii.

We studied the effects of uridine, uridine-5'-monophosphate (UMP), uridine-5'-diphosphate (UDP) and uridine-5'-triphosphate on contractility, coronary flow and heart rate in isolated perfused rat hearts under 60-minute regional ischemia of the left ventricle. All the compounds (50 mumol/l) induced a positive inotropic effect but had no effect on the heart rate. Uridine and UMP prevented the development of the contracture. UDP and especially UTP increased coronary flow. Probably, a protective effect of uridine and UMP is due to activation of myocardial glycogen synthesis while favourable effects of UDP and UTP on contractility and coronary flow are explained by their influence on P2U-receptors of cardiomyocytes. In addition, coronary dilatation induced by UDP and UTP promoted the reduction of the damaged zone.

Effect of uridine derivatives on myocardial stunning during postischemic reperfusion of rat heart.

Uridine and uridine-5'-monophosphate prevent myocardial stunning during postischemic reperfusion of isolated rat heart. Uridine-5'-diphosphate does not prevent postischemic myocardial dysfunction, while uridine-5'-triphosphate aggravates it.