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1.
Nutr. hosp ; 30(6): 1211-1217, dic. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-132330

ABSTRACT

Durante años se ha descrito una mayor tendencia al sobrepeso en la población con diabetes tipo 1, tendencia que ya se observa durante la infancia y la pubertad. El tratamiento sustitutivo con insulina subcutánea parece ser uno de los factores implicados. Clarificar estas cuestiones y si este incremento ponderal puede conllevar un aumento en el riesgo cardiovascular de estos pacientes en su etapa adulta es de gran interés, para poder desarrollar estrategias que prevengan o al menos atenúen esta evolución. La siguiente revisión tiene como objetivo realizar una puesta al día sobre la situación antropométrica y la presencia de exceso de grasa en los niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 respecto a la población sana, así como la importancia de los distintos factores implicados y su potencial efecto sobre el riesgo cardiovascular (AU)


For years now, a stronger tendency towards overweight among diabetes 1 population has been described, a tendency already observed during childhood and pubescence. Insulin replacement therapy to be one of the main underlying factors. Clarifying these issues and determining whether this weight gain may bring in an increased cardiovascular risk in these patients during their adulthood is critical in order to develop strategies that prevent or at least diminish this evolution. This review aims at updating the anthropometric status and the presence of excess body fat in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes as compared to healthy population, establishing the relevance of the different factors implied and their potential effect on cardiovascular risk (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology , Adiposity/genetics , Sex Characteristics , Leptin/adverse effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control , Adiposity/physiology , Leptin/administration & dosage
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 30(2): 399-409, ago. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-142540

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Enviromental factors such as exercise participation and nutrition have often been linked to bone improvements. However, not all sports have the same effects, being non-osteogenic sports such as swimming defined as negative or neutral sports to practice regarding bone mass by some authors, similarly exercise diet interaction in especific groups is still not clear. Objective: To present the methodology of the RENACIMENTO project that aims to evaluate body composition and more specifically bone mass by several techniques in adolescent swimmers and to observe the effects and perdurability of whole body vibration (WBV) and jumping intervention (JIN) on body composition and fitness on this population and explore possible diet interactions. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: 78 swimmers (12-17 y) and 26 sex- and agematched controls will participate in this study. Dual energy X-ray, peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography, Quantitative Ultrasound, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, and anthropometry measurements will be performed in order to evaluate body composition. Physical activity, nutrition, pubertal development and socio-economical status may act as confounders of body composition and therefore will also be registered. Several fitness factors regarding strength, endurance, performance and others will also be registered to evaluate differences with controls and act as confounders. A 7- month WBV therapy will be performed by 26 swimmers consisting of a training of 15 minutes 3 times per week. An 8 month JIM will also be performed by 26 swimmers 3 times per week. The remaining 26 swimmers will continue their normal swimming training. Four evaluations will be performed, the first one in order to describe differences between swimmers and controls. The second one to describe the effects of the interventions and the third and fourth evaluations to describe the perdurability of the effects of the WBV and JIN. Conclusion: The RENACIMIENTO project will allow to answer several questions regarding body composition, fitness, bone mass and interaction with diet of adolescent swimmers, describe swimming as a positive, negative or neutral sport to practice regarding these parameters and elucidate the effects and perdurability of WBV and JIM on body composition (AU)


Introducción: En la actualidad se ha demostrado que el ejercicio físico y la nutrición mejoran la masa ósea. Sin embargo, existen deportes de bajo impacto como la natación que no presentan efectos positivos en su desarrollo. Además, la interacción ejercicio-dieta y su efecto osteogénico sigue sin estar clara. Objetivo: Presentar la metodología del proyecto RENACIMIENTO que tiene por objetivo evaluar la composición corporal del nadador adolescente y más concretamente la masa ósea a través de diversas técnicas. Además se pretenden determinar los efectos y la perdurabilidad que pueden tener el entrenamiento vibratorio (WBV) y una intervención con saltos (JIN) sobre la composición corporal y condición física de estos adolescentes, explorando la posible interacción con la dieta. Diseño: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado. Metodología: 78 nadadores (12-17 años) y 26 controles del mismo sexo y edad participarán en el estudio. Se utilizarán absorciometría dual de rayos-x, tomografía axial computerizada, ultrasonidos cuantitativo, bioimpedancia eléctrica, y medidas antropométricas para evaluar la composición corporal. La actividad física, nutrición, desarrollo puberal y status socio-económico podrían actuar como covariables de la composición corporal y por lo tanto también serán registradas. Se evaluarán diversos factores de la condición física relacionados con la fuerza, resistencia, rendimiento y otros para definir las diferencias con los controles y para que sirvan como covariables. 26 nadadores realizarán una intervención de WBV 7 meses 15 minutos 3 veces por semana. Además otros 26 nadadores realizarán una JIN 3 veces por semana durante 8 meses. Los 26 nadadores restantes continuarán con su entrenamiento habitual de natación. Se realizaran 4 evaluaciones, la primera de ellas para describir las diferencias existentes entre nadadores y controles, la segunda para describir los efectos de las intervenciones realizadas y la tercera y cuarta para evaluar la perdurabilidad de estas intervenciones. Conclusión: El proyecto RENACIMIENTO permitirá contestar a diversas preguntas relacionadas con la composición corporal, condición física y masa ósea de los nadadores adolescentes y el posible efecto combinado dieta-ejercicio en esta población. Definirá la natación como un deporte positivo, neutral o negativo en relación con estos parámetros y esclarecerá los efectos y perdurabilidad de la WBV y JIN sobre la composición corporal (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Swimming/physiology , Bone Development/physiology , Body Composition/physiology , Vibration/therapeutic use , Osteoporosis/physiopathology , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/physiopathology , Electric Impedance , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
3.
Eur J Appl Physiol ; 102(6): 685-94, 2008 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18084774

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine if gender differences in muscle mass explain the gender differences in running and cycling sprint performance. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and running (30 and 300 m test) and cycling (Wingate test) sprint performance were assessed in 123 men and 32 women. Peak power (PP) output in the Wingate test expressed per kg of lower extremities lean mass (LM) was similar in males and females (50.4 +/- 5.6 and 50.5 +/- 6.2 W kg(-1), P = 0.88). No gender differences were observed in the slope of the linear relation between LM and PP or mean power output (MP). However, when MP was expressed per kg of LM, the males attained a 22% higher value (26.6 +/- 3.4 and 21.9 +/- 3.2 W kg(-1), P < 0.001). The 30 and 300-m running time divided by the relative lean mass of the lower extremities (RLM = LM x 100/body mass) was significantly lower in males than in females. Although, the slope of the linear relationship between RLM and 300-m running time was not significantly different between genders, the males achieved better performance in the 300-m test than the females. The main factor accounting for gender differences in peak and mean power output during cycling is the muscle mass of the lower extremities. Although, the peak power generating capability of the muscle is similar in males and females, muscle mass only partially explains the gender difference in running sprints, even when expressed as a percentage of the whole body mass.


Subject(s)
Bicycling/physiology , Body Composition/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Running/physiology , Sex Characteristics , Absorptiometry, Photon , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Organ Size/physiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Regression Analysis
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