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2.
Ars pharm ; 41(1): 115-128, ene. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-23495

ABSTRACT

Los mucoadhesivos y el fenómeno de mucoadhesividad se han desarrollado en las últimas décadas, particularmente en Tecnología Farmacéutica, pues al incorporarse a diversas formas farmacéuticas ocasionan incremento en el tiempo de permanencia del medicamento en el lugar de absorción, prolongando la de efectividad del fármaco. También puede formularse como sistemas de liberación controlada. En el trabajo se presenta una visión general de los aspectos más significativos de la mucoadhesión: composición del mucus, interacciones, polímeros y factores influyentes en el fenómeno de muchoadhesión, y se hace referencia a las vías de administración más relevantes para la aplicación de preparados mucoadhesivos (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Delayed-Action Preparations/pharmacology , Drug Compounding/methods , Pharmaceutic Aids/chemistry , Drug Interactions , Intestinal Absorption/physiology
3.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 43(10): 721-5, 1991 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1682448

ABSTRACT

The influence of adjuvants in suppository formulations on the release and absorption of sodium valproate, a water soluble anti-epileptic, was analysed in order to determine the optimal formula for rectal administration. Three formulations were prepared with Suppocire AS2(formula I), Aerosil R 972 (formula II) or Span 80 (formula III). In-vivo and in-vitro release-diffusion studies were performed using white laboratory rabbits as the experimental model. The adjuvants decreased the percentage release of valproic acid to 96.7% (formula I) and 84.1% (formula II), and delayed peak release-diffusion concentration (210 and 150 min, respectively, with formulas II and III in comparison with 120 min with formula I). Their effect on bioavailability was observed as an increase in plasma levels of the active substance, with areas under the plasma concentration/time curve of 396.26 and 306.64 micrograms h mL-1 (formulas II and III, respectively) and 243.28 micrograms h mL-1 (formula I). The time to peak plasma concentration was also delayed with peaks at 30, 55 and 50 min with formulas I, II and III, respectively.


Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic/pharmacology , Rectum/metabolism , Valproic Acid/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Biological Availability , Membranes, Artificial , Rabbits , Solubility , Suppositories , Valproic Acid/administration & dosage , Valproic Acid/blood
4.
Rev. gastroenterol. Méx ; 56(1): 33-8, ene.-mar. 1991. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-175408

ABSTRACT

Se informa el primer caso exitoso de trasplante hepático en humanos en México. Se hace mención a los trabajos experimentales previos de este grupo. El caso corresponde a un hombre de 41 años de edad, con historia de hipertensión arterial y hepatitis en 1975 con cirrosis hepática postnecrótica corroborada por biopsia en 1985 y marcadores inmunológicos para hepatitis negativos, con una reserva funcional limitada (clasificación C Child-Pugh). El 2 de mayo de 1988, a través del Programa Nacional de Trasplantes, se obtuvo un injerto hepático, proveniente de un paciente con muerte cerebral posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular. Se efectuó trasplante hepático ortotópico utilizando un puente veno-venoso portosistémico. Desde entonces se ha manejado con triple esquema inmunosupresor a base de ciclosporina, azatioprina y prednisona. Su evolución postoperatoria inmediata cursó con colestasis idiopática, un episodio de rechazo agudo, hipertensión arterial, disfunción renal, herpes esofágico y linfocele inguinal, problemas que fueron resueltos satisfactoriamente. Actualmente a 28 meses postrasplante recibe dosis mínimas útiles de inmunosupresores, su función hepática es normal y su calidad de vida ha sido muy satisfactoria


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Male , Liver/transplantation , Transplantation/history
5.
J Antimicrob Chemother ; 12(5): 481-8, 1983 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6671925

ABSTRACT

Following iv administration of 0.5 g of amikacin, the concentrations of the antibiotic were determined in serum and blister fluid of nine healthy volunteers and ten patients with renal impairment. In the former, the maximum concentrations of amikacin in blister fluid was 11.85 +/- 4.6 mg/l. The half-life in blister fluid was 2.39 +/- 1.10 h, slightly greater than that of serum (1.73 +/- 0.24 h). The concentrations of the antibiotic in serum and blister fluid are modified significantly in patients with renal impairment. The half-life values in both fluids increase similarly, parallel to the reduction in renal function. The penetration of amikacin into blister fluid in these patients increases progressively and a linear relationship is established between the maximum concentration reached and creatinine clearance. A linear relationship has also been established between the concentration of the antibiotic in serum and blister fluid.


Subject(s)
Amikacin/analysis , Blister/metabolism , Kanamycin/analogs & derivatives , Kidney Diseases/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Amikacin/metabolism , Amikacin/therapeutic use , Exudates and Transudates/analysis , Humans , Kidney Diseases/drug therapy , Kinetics , Middle Aged , Skin Absorption
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