The prognostic value of neutrophile/lymphocyte ratio and serum chemerin to predict maternal-fetal complications in pregnant systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy in SLE continues to be a challenge. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and chemerin are predictors of preeclampsia in the general population; however, their role as predictors of maternal-fetal complications in pregnant SLE patients has not been analyzed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic value of NLR and serum chemerin, to predict maternal-fetal complications in pregnant SLE patients, and compare both biomarkers among three study groups. METHODS: Design: Analytical cross-sectional study of cases and controls with the following study groups: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), preeclampsia, and healthy. NLR and chemerin serum were determined between 20 and 25 weeks of gestation. Patients were evaluated every 4-6 weeks until pregnancy resolution. Maternal and fetal outcomes were registered. We employed Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves to validate prognostic values. RESULTS: Seventy pregnant patients were included: 20 with SLE, 20 with preeclampsia, and 30 healthy pregnant women; NLR values were 4 (2.3-5.6) in SLE, 6 (4.6-9.2) in preeclampsia, and 2.8 (2.1-2.9) in the group of healthy women (p = .0001). Chemerin levels were: 26 (15.3-56.2) in SLE, 96 (37.3-146.2) in preeclampsia, and 24.6 ng/mL (15.3-47.4) in the healthy group (p = .007) Maternal complications were observed in 11 (55%), 20 (100%), and 8 (26%) per group, respectively. Thrombocytopenia was the most frequent complication in all pregnant women, followed by hypertensive disorders. Fetal complications were registered in 12 (60%), 16 (80%), and 2 (6.7%), respectively. Congenital malformations and prematurity were the most frequent fetal complications. NLR had good diagnostic accuracy in predicting maternal-fetal complications (AUROC 0.715) p = .015, CI 95% 0.56-0.86, cut-off point level: 2.9, sensitivity 61%, specificity 78%, positive predictive value (PPV) 65%, negative predictive value (NPV) 75%. Regarding chemerin, a cut-off point level >43 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 72% AUROC 0.75, p = .001, CI 95% 0.61-0.89, PPV 51.7% NPV 87.8%, meaning that 51.7% of patients with chemerin levels >43 ng/mL have or will have preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: The NLR may help predict maternal-fetal complications in SLE pregnancy, constituting a marker of subclinical inflammation. Chemerin levels may be associated with preeclampsia. These biomarkers could improve the care of SLE patients with timely intervention of potential complications during pregnancy.

Prevalence, causes, and clinical course of patients with surgical reintervention due to complications during cesarean section.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to identify the prevalence, causes, and clinical evolution of patients with surgical reintervention due to complications during cesarean section. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The file of the Toco-Surgical Unit of the Gynecological Obstetrics Hospital No. 3 of the National Medical Center "La Raza" Mexican Institute of Social Security was reviewed to know the total number of patients undergoing cesarean section from January to December 2019 and cases with reintervention due to complications during cesarean section were selected. Their general data, the cause of reintervention, stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), hospital stay, and mortality were studied. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using the statistical program SPSS version 20. RESULTS: It was found that 3371 patients underwent cesarean section, of which 1.60% (54 cases) underwent reoperation for the following reasons: Unpacking 27.79%, obstetric hemorrhage 20.37%, bleeding due to uterine atony 20.37%, hysterotomy commissure hematoma 18.52%, uterine infiltration 3.70%, vascular injury 3.70%, bladder injury 3.70%, and colonic injury 1.85%. The ICU stay was 3.79 ± 2.03 days, hospital stay was 13.67 ± 11.16 days, and mortality was 1.85%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of reintervention was reduced, bleeding was the main cause, and the clinical evolution was satisfactory with low mortality.

OBJETIVO: Identificar la prevalencia, causas y evolución clínica de las pacientes con reintervención quirúrgica por complicaciones durante la cesárea. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se revisó el archivo de la Unidad de Toco-Quirúrgica del Hospital Ginecobstetricia No. 3 del Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza" Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para conocer el total de pacientes sometidas a cesárea desde enero hasta diciembre de 2019 y se seleccionaron los casos con reintervención por complicaciones durante la cesárea. Se estudiaron sus datos generales, la causa de reintervención, estancia en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), estancia en hospital y la mortalidad. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva utilizando el programa estadístico SPSS versión 20. RESULTADOS: Se encontró que 3371 pacientes fueron sometidas a cesárea de las cuales 1.60% (54 casos) se reintervinieron por las siguientes causas: desempaquetamiento 27.79%, hemorragia obstétrica 20.37%, sangrado por atonía uterina 20.37%, hematoma de la comisura de histerotomía 18.52%, infiltración uterina 3.70%, lesión vascular 3.70%, lesión vesical 3.70% y lesión colónica 1.85%. La estancia en UCI fue 3.79 ± 2.03 días, estancia en hospital 13.67 ± 11.16 días y mortalidad 1.85%. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de reintervención fue reducida, el sangrado fue la principal causa y la evolución clínica resultó satisfactoria con baja mortalidad.

Sobrevida de los recién nacidos con cardiopatías congénitas diagnosticadas prenatalmente / Survival of newborns with prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease

Objetivo: Estimar la sobrevida al año de los recién nacidos con cardiopatías congénitas diagnosticadas prenatalmente y el perfil epidemiológico de sus madres. Método: Cohorte dinámica retrospectiva de 825 pacientes, ingresados entre el 1 de abril de 2003 y el 31 de marzo de 2019, con tiempo de seguimiento de 1 año, que se elaboró utilizando la base de datos del Centro de Referencia Perinatal Oriente (CERPO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile. Resultados: Se estimó la función de supervivencia global de la muestra, obteniendo una supervivencia del 70% al año de seguimiento (error estándar (ES): 0,0164; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 0,66-0,73). Los recién nacidos con edad gestacional < 30 semanas tuvieron una menor sobrevida (hazard ratio [HR]: 4,17; IC95%: 1,52-11.44; p < 0,01). Los recién nacidos con un peso < 3000 g tuvieron una menor sobrevida (HR: 1,41; IC95%: 1,09-1,84; p < 0,01). La distribución de las cardiopatías congénitas según la gravedad en esta cohorte fue: riesgo vital 64%, clínicamente relevante 34% y clínicamente no relevante 2%. La menor sobrevida fue para la categoría riesgo vital (HR: 6,005; IC95%: 3,97-9,08; p < 0,01). Conclusiones: La prematuridad, el bajo peso al nacer y la gravedad de la cardiopatía se correlacionaron con una menor sobrevida.

Objective: To estimate the survival at one year of newborns with prenatally diagnosed congenital heart diseases and the epidemiological profile of their mothers. Method: Dynamic retrospective cohort of 825 patients, admitted between April 1, 2003 and March 31, 2019, with a follow-up time of 1 year, which was elaborated using the database of the Centro de Referencia Perinatal Oriente (CERPO), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile. Results: The overall survival function of the sample was estimated, resulting in a survival of 70% at one year follow-up (standard error (SE): 0.0164; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.66-0.73). Newborns with gestational age < 30 weeks had a lower survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.17; 95% CI: 1.52-11.44; p < 0.01). Newborns with a birth weight < 3000 g had a lower survival (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.09-1.84; p < 0.01). The distribution of congenital heart disease according to severity in this cohort was: life-threatening 64%, clinically relevant 34% and clinically not relevant 2%. With a lower survival for the life-threatening category (HR: 6.005; 95% CI: 3.97-9.08; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Prematurity, low birth weight and severity of congenital heart correlated with a lower survival rate.

Recomendaciones para el diagnóstico y el manejo de la infección por citomegalovirus en la mujer embarazada y el recién nacido / Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women and newborns

Resumen La Sociedad Chilena de Infectología, a través de su Comité de Infecciones Neonatales, en conjunto con la Sociedad Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología, proponen un documento de diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por citomegalovirus (CMV) en la mujer embarazada y el recién nacido. Esta guía aborda el manejo de la infección en el binomio, su enfrentamiento diagnóstico y terapéutico, orientado al equipo de salud que atiende a mujeres embarazadas y recién nacidos con infección por CMV en Chile. Considera la situación epidemiológica global y latinoamericana, con recomendaciones para la evaluación clínica y de laboratorio; establece criterios de diagnóstico, propone enfoques terapéuticos de acuerdo a la situación clínica, analiza las medidas de prevención y establece una propuesta nacional para el seguimiento de esta enfermedad. Se ha puesto especial énfasis en entregar, de forma práctica, y con la mayor evidencia posible, las recomendaciones para el manejo del binomio con infección por CMV.

Abstract The Chilean Society of Infectology, through its Neonatal Infections Committee in conjunction with the Chilean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, propose a document for the Diagnosis and Management of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy and Newborn. This guideline suggests the management of mother and child infection, its diagnostic and therapeutic options. Considers the global and Latin American epidemiology, with recommendations for clinical and laboratory evaluation, diagnostic criteria, therapeutic approaches according to the clinical situation, analyzes prevention measures and establishes a national proposal for monitoring this disease.

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure in preeclampsia. Review of the Mexican literature 1997-2018.

En México, la presión coloidosmótica del plasma ha sido un tema clave del estudio de la mujer embarazada por más de dos décadas. Las investigaciones clínicas han permitido conocer sus valores en población abierta, mujeres con embarazo normal, puerperio fisiológico, preeclampsia severa, síndrome HELLP y eclampsia. También se ha reportado la relación de la presión coloidosmótica del plasma con la presión sanguínea (índice de Briones), síndrome de fuga capilar y la acumulación de líquido en cavidades serosas (derrame pleural, ascitis). Revisamos la base de datos PubMed, The Cochrane Library, OVID, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Artemisa, LILACS e IMBIOMED de 1997 a 2018 con las siguientes palabras clave: albúmina sérica, presión coloidosmótica del plasma, síndrome de fuga capilar, índice de Briones, derrame pleural, ascitis, preeclampsia severa, síndrome HELLP, eclampsia y cuidados críticos en obstetricia. Los criterios de inclusión fueron revisiones sistemáticas, meta-análisis, ensayos clínicos controlados y artículos con metodología de medicina basada en evidencia con recomendaciones sólidas. Incluimos 12 artículos mexicanos. Los objetivos de la presente investigación fueron: revisar la literatura médica de la presión coloidosmótica del plasma en preeclampsia reportada de 1997 a 2018, describir el tratamiento con albúmina humana y las perspectivas de la investigación en los siguientes años.In Mexico, plasma colloid osmotic pressure has been a key issue in the study of pregnant women for more than two decades. Clinical investigations have allowed to know their values in the open population, as well as in women with normal pregnancy, physiological puerperium, severe preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and eclampsia. The relationship of plasma colloid osmotic pressure with mean arterial pressure (Briones index), capillary leak syndrome and the accumulation of fluid in serous cavities (pleural effusion, and ascites) have also been reported. We reviewed the database of PubMed, The Cochrane Library, OVID, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Artemisa, LILACS, and IMBIOMED from 1997 to 2018 with the following keywords: serum albumin, plasma colloid osmotic pressure, capillary leak syndrome, Briones index, pleural effusion, ascites, severe preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, and obstetrics critical care. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews, meta-analysis, clinical controlled trials, and articles with evidence-based medicine methodology with strong recommendations. We included 12 Mexican articles. The objectives of the present investigation were to review the medical literature on plasma colloid osmotic pressure in preeclampsia reported from 1997 to 2018, describe the treatment with human albumin and the perspectives of the research in the following years.

Corrosion Resistance Measurement of 316L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting.

Selective laser melting (SLM) technology is ushering in a new era of advanced industrial production of metal components. It is of great importance to understand the relationship between the surface features and electrochemical properties of manufactured parts. This work studied the influence of surface orientation on the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless-steel (SS) components manufactured with SLM. The corrosion resistance of the samples was measured using linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electromechanical noise (EN) techniques under three different environments, H2O, 3.5 wt.% NaCl, and 20% H2SO4, analyzing the horizontal (XY) and vertical (XZ) planes. The microstructure and morphology of the samples were obtained by optical (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained microstructure showed the grains growing up from the fusion line to the melt pool center and, via SEM-EDS, the presence of irregular and spherical pores was observed. The highest corrosion rate was identified in the H2SO4 solution in the XZ plane with 2.4 × 10-2 mm/year and the XY plane with 1.31 × 10-3 mm/year. The EN technique along with the skewness factor were used to determine the type of corrosion that the material developed. Localized corrosion was observed in the NaCl electrolyte, for the XY and XZ planes (-1.65 and -0.012 skewness factors, respectively), attacking mainly the subgrains of the microstructure and, in some cases, the pores, caused by Cl ions. H2O and H2SO4 solutions presented a uniform corrosion mechanism for the two observed orientations. The morphology identified by SEM was correlated with the results obtained from the electrochemical techniques.

Diagnóstico prenatal de anomalías nefrourológicas en el Centro de Referencia Perinatal Oriente, Santiago, Chile / Prenatal diagnosis of nefrourological anomalies at the Eastern Perinatal Referral Center, Santiago, Chile

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las anomalías congénitas de los riñones y las vías urinarias (CAKUT, Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract) representan un 20-30% de las anomalías detectadas en el periodo prenatal. Si bien la mayoría son de buen pronóstico, un 25% se asocian a enfermedad renal crónica en la infancia y en los casos graves a mortalidad perinatal. OBJETIVO: Describir los casos ingresados al Centro de Referencia Perinatal Oriente (CERPO) y determinar los resultados perinatales y la sobrevida al año. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes ingresadas en la base de datos CERPO, entre los años 2003 y 2019, con diagnóstico de anomalía nefrourológica. Se incluyeron antecedentes prenatales, perinatales y de seguimiento posnatal al año. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron 273 pacientes. La edad gestacional promedio de derivación fue de 29 semanas + 2 días. El diagnóstico más frecuente fueron las anomalías del tracto de salida (69%). Un 40% de los casos se asociaron a otras anomalías congénitas, siendo las cardiopatías las más frecuentes (19%). Aceptaron la realización de estudio genético invasivo 38 pacientes, de las cuales un 34% presentaron aneuploidías, siendo las trisomías 18 y 13 las más frecuentes (17% y 6%, respectivamente). Se instalaron cinco shunts derivativos vesicoamnióticos en fetos diagnosticados con megavejiga. La sobrevida global para la patología nefrourológica fue del 63% al año, y la mortalidad fetal y neonatal fue del 7% y el 16%, respectivamente. La sobrevida al año según el grupo de clasificación CAKUT fue del 22% para las anomalías de número de riñones, del 46% para las anomalías de tamaño y de morfología renal, del 60% para las anomalías de la posición renal y del 72% para las anomalías del tracto de salida. En este último grupo, la sobrevida alcanza el 81% al excluir los pacientes con diagnóstico prenatal de megavejiga, que presentaron una sobrevida al año del 28%. Los casos de patología nefrourológica asociada a oligohidramnios (índice de líquido amniótico < 5 cm) sin evidencias de uropatía obstructiva asociada presentaron una sobrevida al año del 3%. CONCLUSIONES: Las anomalías del sistema nefrourológico son un diagnóstico prenatal frecuente. La sobrevida al año fue del 63%, pero es necesario prolongar el seguimiento a largo plazo para determinar la evolución de la función renal en cada diagnóstico. La asociación de patología nefrourológica y oligohidramnios conlleva una sobrevida menor.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent 20 to 30% of the anomalies detected prenatally. Although most are of good prognosis, 25% are associated with chronic kidney disease in childhood and severe cases with perinatal mortality. OBJECTIVE: To describe the cases studied in the Eastern Perinatal Referral Center (CERPO) and to determine the perinatal outcome and survival at one year. METHOD: Descriptive and retrospective study. Patients registered on the CERPO database, between 2003 to 2019, with diagnosis of nephrourological anomaly were included. Antenatal, perinatal and postnatal follow-up information was collected. RESULTS: 273 patients were evaluated. The average gestational age at referral was 29 + 2 weeks. The main diagnosis was urinary tract outlet disorders (69%). Thirty nine percent of the cases were associated with other congenital anomalies, with heart disease being the most frequent (19%). Thirty-eight patients accepted an invasive procedure for genetic study, 34% presented aneuploidy, trisomy 18 and 13 were the most frequent (17% and 6% respectively). Five vesico-amniotic derivative shunts were installed in fetuses diagnosed with megabladder. Overall survival at one year was 63% and fetal and neonatal mortality were 7% and 16% respectively. One-year survival per group according to CAKUT classification was 22% in kidney number abnormalities, 46% in kidney size and morphology abnormalities, 60% in renal position abnormalities and 72% in outflow tract abnormalities. In the latter, survival reaches 81% excluding the patients with prenatal diagnosis of megabladder who had a one-year survival of 28%. The cases of nephrourological pathology associated with oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index < 5 cm) without evidence of associated obstructive uropathy presented a survival of 3% at one year. CONCLUSIONS: The anomalies of the nephrourological system correspond to a frequent prenatal diagnosis. Overall, the one-year survival was 63%; however, follow-up must continue to determine the evolution of renal function in relation to each diagnosis.

Ruptured hepatic hematoma managed with a Sengstaken-Blakemore probe in severe preeclampsia with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome.

We report the case of a 34-year-old woman with a 32-week pregnancy complicated by recurrent severe preeclampsia, HELLP Class I syndrome, and an intact hepatic hematoma of the right lobe detected by ultrasound. During the cesarean section, the rupture of the hematoma occurred and a gastroesophageal probe of the Sengstaken-Blakemore type was placed to occlude the bleeding cavity and the exit tunnel. The balloons were deflated gradually and the probe was removed on the 10th day without complications. The Sengstaken-Blakemore probe can be an effective remedy to control liver bleeding in selected cases.

Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 34 años con embarazo de 32 semanas complicado con preeclampsia grave recurrente, síndrome HELLP de clase I y hematoma hepático intacto del lóbulo derecho detectado por ultrasonido. Durante la operación cesárea se rompió el hematoma, por lo que se colocó una sonda gastroesofágica de tipo Sengstaken­Blakemore para ocluir la cavidad sangrante y el túnel de salida. Los balones fueron desinflados paulatinamente y la sonda se retiró el décimo día sin complicaciones. La sonda de Sengstaken­Blakemore puede ser un recurso efectivo para controlar el sangrado hepático en casos seleccionados.

Wage inequality and poverty effects of lockdown and social distancing in Europe.

Social distancing and lockdown measures taken to contain the spread of COVID-19 may have distributional economic costs beyond the contraction of GDP. Here we evaluate the capacity of individuals to work under a lockdown based on a Lockdown Working Ability index which considers their teleworking capacity and whether their occupation is essential or closed. Our analysis reveals substantial and uneven potential wage losses across the distribution all around Europe and we consistently find that both poverty and wage inequality rise in all European countries. Under four different scenarios (2 months of lockdown and 2 months of lockdown plus 6 months of partial functioning of closed occupations at 80%, 70% and 60% of full capacity) we estimate for 29 European countries an average increase in the headcount poverty index that goes from 4.9 to 9.4 percentage points and a mean loss rate for poor workers between 10% and 16.2%. The average increase in the Gini coefficient ranges between 3.5% to 7.3% depending on the scenario considered. Decomposing overall wage inequality in Europe, we find that lockdown and social distance measures produce a double process of divergence: both inequality within and between countries increase.

Comparative evaluation of adsorption kinetics of diclofenac and isoproturon by activated carbon.

Adsorption mechanism of diclofenac and isoproturon onto activated carbon has been proposed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption capacity and optimum adsorption isotherms were predicted by nonlinear regression method. Different kinetic equations, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion model and Bangham kinetic model, were applied to study the adsorption kinetics of emerging contaminants on activated carbon in two aqueous matrices.

Degradation of phenylamine by catalytic wet air oxidation using metal catalysts with modified supports.

The effect of acid treatments with HCl and HNO3 on the surface area and surface chemistry of three granular activated carbons was studied. These supports were characterized and the hydrochloric acid treatment leads to the best activated carbon support (AC2-C). The catalytic behavior of Pt, Ru and Fe (1 wt.%) supported on granular activated carbon treated with HCl was tested in the phenylamine continuous catalytic wet air oxidation in a three-phase, high-pressure catalytic reactor over a range of reaction temperatures 130-170ºC and total pressure of 1.0-3.0 MPa at LHSV = 0.4-1 h(-1), whereas the phenylamine concentration range and the catalyst loading were 5-16 mol.m(-3) and 0.5-1.5 g, respectively. Activity as well as conversion varied as a function of the metal, the catalyst preparation method and operation conditions. Higher activities were obtained with Pt incorporated on hydrochloric acid -treated activated carbon by the ion exchange method. In steady state, approximately 98% phenylamine conversion, 77% of TOC and 94% of COD removal, was recorded at 150ºC, 11 mol m(-3) of phenylamine concentration and 1.5 g of catalyst, and the selectivity to non-organic compounds was 78%. Several reaction intermediaries were detected. A Langmuir-Hinshelwood model gave an excellent fit of the kinetic data of phenylamine continuous catalytic wet air oxidation over the catalysts of this work.

Global adaptation to a lipid environment triggers the dormancy-related phenotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

UNLABELLED: Strong evidence supports the idea that fatty acids rather than carbohydrates are the main energy source of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during infection and latency. Despite that important role, a complete scenario of the bacterium's metabolism when lipids are the main energy source is still lacking. Here we report the development of an in vitro model to analyze adaptation of M. tuberculosis during assimilation of long-chain fatty acids as sole carbon sources. The global lipid transcriptome revealed a shift toward the glyoxylate cycle, the overexpression of main regulators whiB3, dosR, and Rv0081, and the increased expression of several genes related to reductive stress. Our evidence showed that lipid storage seems to be the selected mechanism used by M. tuberculosis to ameliorate the assumed damage of reductive stress and that concomitantly the bacilli acquired a slowed-growth and drug-tolerant phenotype, all characteristics previously associated with the dormant stage. Additionally, intergenic regions were also detected, including the unexpected upregulation of tRNAs that suggest a new role for these molecules in the acquisition of a drug-tolerant phenotype by dormant bacilli. Finally, a set of lipid signature genes for the adaptation process was also identified. This in vitro model represents a suitable condition to illustrate the participation of reductive stress in drugs' activity against dormant bacilli, an aspect scarcely investigated to date. This approach provides a new perspective to the understanding of latent infection and suggests the participation of previously undetected molecules. IMPORTANCE: Mycobacterium tuberculosis establishes long-lasting highly prevalent infection inside the human body, called latent tuberculosis. The known involvement of fatty acids is changing our understanding of that silent infection; however, question of how tubercle bacilli globally adapt to a lipid-enriched environment is still an unanswered. With the single change of providing fatty acids as carbon sources, the bacilli switch on their program related to dormant stage: slowed growth, accumulation of lipid bodies, and development of drug tolerance. In this stage, unexpected and previously unknown participants were found to play putatively important roles during the process. For the first time, this work compares the global transcriptomics of bacteria by using strand-specific RNA sequencing under two different growth conditions. This study suggests novel targets for the control of tuberculosis and provides a new straightforward in vitro model that could help to test the activity of drugs against dormant bacilli from a novel perspective.

Complicaciones perinatales en mujeres con trasplante renal / Perinatal complications in women with kidney transplant

Antecedentes: El embarazo en las pacientes con injerto renal se considera de alto riesgo. Objetivos: Identificar las complicaciones perinatales en las mujeres con trasplante renal atendidas en nuestra institución y compararlas con los reportes de la literatura nacional e internacional. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron las complicaciones perinatales de 18 pacientes con trasplante renal de las que se obtuvieron 19 recién nacidos, atendidas entre el 1 de enero de 2009 y el 31 de diciembre de 2010. Los resultados se compararon con reportes previos. Resultados: Edad materna: 28,27 ± 4,70 años, paridad: 2, intervalo del trasplante a la concepción: 7,52 ± 6,20 años, primera consulta prenatal a las 14,35 ± 6,74 semanas, seguimiento prenatal: 18,88 ± 9,18 semanas, 6 consultas prenatales, edad gestacional al nacimiento: 33,11 ± 8,72 semanas. Complicaciones maternas: operación cesárea: 88,88%, transfusión: 38,88%, anemia: 33,33%, ruptura prematura de membranas: 22,22%, parto pretérmino: 22,22%, infección del tracto urinario: 16,66%, preeclampsia: 11,11%, hipertensión arterial descontrolada: 11,11%, aborto: 11,11%, atonía uterina: 5,55%, diabetes gestacional: 0% y mortalidad: 0%. Complicaciones fetales: prematuridad: 52,63%, mortalidad: 21,05%, cuidados intensivos: 21,05% y bajo peso neonatal por restricción del crecimiento: 10,52%. Complicaciones del trasplante: deterioro de la filtración sin necesidad de diálisis: 5,55%, rechazo: 0% y pérdida del injerto: 0%. Conclusiones: Comparativamente, la frecuencia de las complicaciones perinatales fue elevada. El embarazo no tuvo efecto adverso sobre la función renal ni la supervivencia de las pacientes. El injerto renal estable en mujeres con edad fértil no es necesariamente una contraindicación para el embarazo (AU)

Background: Pregnancy in patients with kidney grafts is considered high-risk. Objectives: Determine perinatal complications in women with kidney transplants treated by our hospital and compare them with complications reported in national and international literature. Material and Method: We studied perinatal complications in 18 patients with renal transplantation who delivered 19 newborns and were treated between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2010. Results were compared with previous reports. Results: Maternal age: 28.27±4.70 years old, parity: 2, interval from transplant to conception: 7.52±6.20 years, first prenatal visit 14.35±6.74 weeks, prenatal care: 18.88±9.18 weeks, 6 prenatal visits, gestational age at birth: 33.11±8.72 weeks. Maternal complications: cesarean section: 88.88%, blood transfusion: 38.88%, anaemia: 33.33%, premature rupture of membranes: 22.22%, preterm delivery: 22.22%, urinary tract infection: 16.66%, preeclampsia: 11.11%, uncontrolled hypertension: 11.11%, miscarriage: 11.11%, uterine antony: 5.55%, gestational diabetes: 0%, and mortality: 0%. Foetal complications: premature birth: 52.63%, mortality: 21.05%, intensive care: 21.05%, and low birth weight due to growth restriction: 10.52%. Transplantation complications: filtration impairment without need for dialysis: 5.55%, graft rejection: 0%, and graft loss: 0%. Conclusions: The frequency of perinatal complications was high. Pregnancy had no adverse effect on renal function and patient survival. Stable renal grafts in women of childbearing age is not necessarily a contraindication for pregnancy (AU)

Perinatal complications in women with kidney transplant.

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy in patients with kidney grafts is considered high-risk. OBJECTIVES: Determine perinatal complications in women with kidney transplants treated by our hospital and compare them with complications reported in national and international literature. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We studied perinatal complications in 18 patients with renal transplantation who delivered 19 newborns and were treated between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2010. Results were compared with previous reports. RESULTS: Maternal age: 28.27 ± 4.70 years old, parity: 2, interval from transplant to conception: 7.52 ± 6.20 years, first prenatal visit 14.35 ± 6.74 weeks, prenatal care: 18.88 ± 9.18 weeks, 6 prenatal visits, gestational age at birth: 33.11 ± 8.72 weeks. Maternal complications: cesarean section: 88.88%, blood transfusion: 38.88%, anaemia: 33.33%, premature rupture of membranes: 22.22%, preterm delivery: 22.22%, urinary tract infection: 16.66%, preeclampsia: 11.11%, uncontrolled hypertension: 11.11%, miscarriage: 11.11%, uterine antony: 5.55%, gestational diabetes: 0%, and mortality: 0%. Foetal complications: premature birth: 52.63%, mortality: 21.05%, intensive care: 21.05%, and low birth weight due to growth restriction: 10.52%. Transplantation complications: filtration impairment without need for dialysis: 5.55%, graft rejection: 0%, and graft loss: 0%. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of perinatal complications was high. Pregnancy had no adverse effect on renal function and patient survival. Stable renal grafts in women of childbearing age is not necessarily a contraindication for pregnancy.

Adsorption of pharmaceutical compounds and an endocrine disruptor from aqueous solutions by carbon materials.

Adsorption has been used to study the removal of atenolol, caffeine, diclofenac and isoproturon, pharmaceutical compounds as emerging contaminants and an endocrine disruptor from ultrapure water and a municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent with three carbonaceous materials: activated carbon, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers. The adsorption capacities were studied in the temperature range of 25-65°C and pH range from 3 to 9. Several model isotherms were used to model the adsorption equilibrium data. Also, the competitive adsorption was evaluated.

G and P genotypes of rotavirus circulating among children with diarrhea in the Colombian northern coast.

A study on the prevalence of rotavirus G and P genotypes was carried out based on 253 stool specimens obtained from children living in the Colombia northern coast region who were less than 3-years-old and who suffered from acute diarrhea. A previous study had detected the presence of rotavirus A in 90 (36.5%) of the 246 samples tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and these strains were investigated in the present study. Of these, 50 strains yielded an RNA electropherotype, most of which (80.0%) had long profiles and 20.0% of which had short profiles. Genotyping of 84 positive samples indicated that 67.9% of the strains could be typed. G1 (57.9%), was the most predominant VP7 genotype, followed by G3 (21.1%), G9 (15.8%) and G2 (5.3%). Among the VP4 genotypes, P[4] (49.1%) was the most prevalent, followed by P[6] 36.4% and P[8] (14.5%). Neither G4 nor G8 nor P[9] types were detected. The most common G-P combinations were G3 P[4] (8.8%) and G9 P[6] (7.0%), followed by G1 P[4] and G1 P[8] (5.3% each). All G1 P[8] strains showed long RNA profiles, whereas G3 P[4] and G9 P[6] displayed both long and short patterns. Mixed infections involved 21.0% of strains. There was a marked diversity among strains collected, and novel strains, including G9, as well as other atypical combinations of G and P genotypes, such as G9 P[6] and G3 P[4], were found.

G and P genotypes of rotavirus circulating among children with diarrhea in the Colombian northern coast / Genotipos G y P de rotavirus encontrados en niños aquejados de diarrea en la costa norte de Colombia

A study on the prevalence of rotavirus G and P genotypes was carried out based on 253 stool specimens obtained from children living in the Colombia northern coast region who were less than 3-years-old and who suffered from acute diarrhea. A previous study had detected the presence of rotavirus A in 90 (36.5%) of the 246 samples tested by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and these strains were investigated in the present study. Of these, 50 strains yielded an RNA electropherotype, most of which (80.0%) had long profiles and 20.0% of which had short profiles. Genotyping of 84 positive samples indicated that 67.9% of the strains could be typed. G1 (57.9%), was the most predominant VP7 genotype, followed by G3 (21.1%), G9 (15.8%) and G2 (5.3%). Among the VP4 genotypes, P[4] (49.1%) was the most prevalent, followed by P[6] 36.4% and P[8] (14.5%). Neither G4 nor G8 nor P[9] types were detected. The most common G-P combinations were G3 P[4] (8.8%) and G9 P[6] (7.0%), followed by G1 P[4] and G1 P[8] (5.3% each). All G1 P[8] strains showed long RNA profiles, whereas G3 P[4] and G9 P[6] displayed both long and short patterns. Mixed infections involved 21.0% of strains. There was a marked diversity among strains collected, and novel strains, including G9, as well as other atypical combinations of G and P genotypes, such as G9 P[6] and G3 P[4], were found (AU)

El artículo describe un estudio de la prevalencia de los genotipos G y P de rotavirus en 253 muestras fecales de niños menores de 3 años afectados de diarrea aguda que vivían en la costa norte de Colombia. Un estudio anterior reveló la presencia de rotavirus A en 90 (36.5%) de las 246muestras sometidas a inmuno ensayo y dichas muestras fueron las usadas en este estudio. En 50 de las 90 muestras usadas se obtuvo un electroferotipo, un 80.0% de perfil de RNA largo y un 20.0% de perfil de RNA corto. De 84muestras sometidas a genotipificación, se logró tipificar 67.9%. El genotipo G1(57.9%) fue predominante entre los asociados a VP7, seguido de G3(21.1%), G9 (15.8%) y G2 (5.3%). Entre los genotipos VP4, el P[4] (49.1%)fue el de mayor prevalencia, seguido de P[6] 36.4% y de P[8] (14.5%). No se detectaron los genotipos G4, G8 o P[9], y las combinaciones G-P más frecuentes fueron G3 P[4] ( 8.8%) y G9 P[6] (7.0%), seguidas de G1 P[4] y G1P[8], con 5.3% cada una. Todas las cepas G1 P[8] tenían perfil de RNA largo, mientras que G3 P[4] y G9 P[6] los tenían tanto largos como cortos. Se detectaron infecciones mixtas en el 21.0% de las cepas. Se observó una marcada diversidad en las cepas recolectadas y se identificaron cepas nuevas, como G9, y también combinaciones atípicas, como G9 P[6] y G3P[4] (AU)

Pronóstico de malformaciones cardíacas diagnosticadas durante el embarazo / Prognosis of cardiac anomalies diagnosed during pregnancy

Con el objetivo de determinar el pronóstico de embarazos con malformaciones cardíacas fetales (MCF) se estudiaron 42 embarazadas con MCF y con fecha de última menstruación entre julio 1992 y octubre de 1995. Las pacientes fueron vistas en la Unidad de Medicina Fetal y el Departamento de Ultrasonido del Hospital de St. Michael's, Bristol, Inglaterra. Se revisaron las fichas de Medicina Fetal y Cardiología Infantil para completar la información obtenida en la base de datos de la Unidad de Medicina Fetal. La clasificación en MCF aisladas o MCF asociadas a malformaciones estructurales extracardíacas se hizo al momento de evaluar la paciente en Medicina Fetal. Las MCF fueron aisladas en 18 casos (43 por ciento) y asociadas a otras malformaciones en 24 casos (57 por ciento). Se obtuvo cariograma en 35 embarazos (83 por ciento) pero en los 7 restantes no hubo signos de anomalías cromosómicas en la necropsia (3) o después del nacimiento (4). En 8 casos (19 por ciento) el cariotipo fue anormal. El resultado de estos embarazos fue: 19 abortos inducidos (45 por ciento), 2 muertes intrauterino (5 por ciento) y 21 nacidos vivos (50 por ciento). De los 21 nacidos vivos, 9 estaban vivos y con un desarrollo normal al año de edad (43 por ciento). Esta información confirma estudios previos en que el pronóstico de MCF es peor al descrito en series de malformaciones cardíacas diagnosticadas al nacimiento. Aunque deben usarse con cautela, nuestros resultados pueden ser útiles en la información que se proporciona a pacientes con diagnóstico de MCF durante el embarazo

Incidencia de la infeccion de la herida quirurgica en el hospital regional Simon Bolivar de Bogota / Incidence of surgical wounds infection in the hospital Simon Bolivar de Bogota

Se realizo un estudio prospectivo para determinar y analizar la incidencia de infeccion de la herida quirurgica segun el tipo de cirugia en el Hospital Regional Simon Bolivar de Bogota, desde febrero de 1985 hasta Agosto de 1986. Se revisaron 278 intervenciones quirurgicas seleccionadas de una poblacion de pacientes de cirugia general. La tasa de infeccion segun el tipo de cirugia fue de 3.06% para las limpias, 9.09% para las limpias contaminadas, 14.6% para las contaminadas y 30% para las cirugias sucias. Los resultados fueron comparados con series nacionales e internacionales, encontrandose similitud en los porcentajes de cada categoria.