Renal Transplantation in the Elderly: Are They All the Same? A Multicenter, Comorbidity-Based Study.

INTRODUCTION: The age for kidney transplantation (KT) is no longer a limitation and several studies have shown benefits in the survival of elderly patients. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of the baseline Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score to morbidity and mortality after transplantation. METHODS: In this multicentric observational retrospective cohort study, we included patients older than 60 years admitted on the waiting list (WL) for deceased donor KT from January 01, 2006, to December 31, 2016. The CCI score was calculated for each patient at inclusion on the WL. RESULTS: Data for analysis were available of 387 patients. The patients were divided in tertiles of CCI: group 1 (CCI: 1-2) n = 117, group 2 (CCI: 3-4) n = 158, and group 3 (CCI: ≥5) n = 112. Patient survival was significantly different between CCI groups at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively: 90%, 88%, and 84% for group 1, 88%, 80%, and 72% for group 2, and 87%, 75%, and 63% for group 3 (p < 0.0001). Variables associated with mortality were CCI score (p < 0.0001), HLA mismatch (p = 0.014), length of hospital stay (p < 0.0001), surgical complications (p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Individualized strategies to modify these variables may improve patient's morbidity and mortality after KT.

Estudio comparativo de la concentración de la atención en boxeadores, antes y después de la intervención psicológica / Estudo comparativo da concentração de atenção em boxeadores, antes e depois da intervenção psicológica / Comparative study of the concentration of attention in boxers, before and after psychological intervention

RESUMEN Introducción: La concentración de la atención es fundamental en el boxeo, actividad donde el deportista se enfrenta a un contrario a corta distancia, en un combate que transcurre en un tiempo limitado, planteándole elevadas exigencias al proceso de atención. Objetivo: El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo comparar la concentración de la atención en boxeadores categoría 15 - 16 años de la Eide "Mártires de Barbados" de La Habana, antes y después de la intervención psicológica del proceso. Materiales y métodos: La muestra fue de 20 deportistas de interés competitivo. La evaluación se realizó en dos momentos durante la etapa de preparación especial; el primero antes de realizar acciones de intervención psicológica del proceso y el segundo luego de ocho semanas realizándolas. Para el diagnóstico inicial se utilizaron las siguientes técnicas: Test de Anillos de Landolt, escala de autovaloración a deportistas, escala de valoración externa a entrenadores, entrevista a deportistas y observación estructurada a entrenamientos y competencias. En el retest, se repitieron las tres primeras técnicas mencionadas. Resultados: Los principales resultados arrojados inicialmente fueron una concentración evaluada de mal y de regular en el 50 % y 40 % de la muestra respectivamente, expresadas fundamentalmente en reiteración de errores ya corregidos por los entrenadores y en dificultad para mantener la focalización. Post intervención se comprobó una mejora de la concentración de la atención, al obtenerse un diagnóstico de bien, muy bien y excelente en el 35 %, 20 % y 20 % de la muestra respectivamente. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la intervención propuesta contribuyó a una mejoría en el diagnóstico del proceso.

SÍNTESE Introdução: A concentração da atenção é fundamental no boxe, uma atividade onde o atleta enfrenta um adversário a curta distância, em um combate que ocorre em um tempo limitado, colocando altas exigências no processo de atenção. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a concentração de atenção nos boxeadores da categoria "Mártires de Barbados" Eide em Havana, antes e depois da intervenção psicológica do processo. Materiais e métodos: A amostra consistiu de 20 atletas de interesse competitivo. A avaliação foi realizada em dois momentos durante a fase de preparação especial; o primeiro antes de realizar as ações de intervenção sicológica do processo e o segundo após oito semanas de realização das mesmas. Para o diagnóstico inicial, foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: Landolt's Ring Test, escala de auto-avaliação para atletas, escala de avaliação externa para treinadores, entrevista com atletas e observação estruturada de sessões de treinamento e competições. No novo teste, as três primeiras técnicas mencionadas acima foram repetidas. Resultados: Os principais resultados mostraram inicialmente uma concentração fraca e justa em 50% e 40% da amostra respectivamente, expressa principalmente na repetição de erros já corrigidos pelos treinadores e na dificuldade de manter o foco. Após a intervenção, verificou-se uma melhora na concentração da atenção, obtendo-se um diagnóstico de bom, muito bom e excelente em 35%, 20% e 20% da amostra, respectivamente. Conclusões: Conclui-se que a intervenção proposta contribuiu para uma melhoria no diagnóstico do processo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The concentration of attention is essential in boxing, an activity where the athlete faces an opponent at close range, in a fight that takes place in a limited time, placing high demands on the attention process. Objective: The present study aimed to compare the concentration of attention in boxers category 15 - 16 years of the Sport Initiation School (Eide in Spanish) "Mártires de Barbados" in Havana, before and after the psychological intervention of the process. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 20 athletes of competitive interest. The evaluation was carried out at two moments during the special preparation stage; the first before carrying out psychological intervention actions of the process and the second after eight weeks carrying them out. For the initial diagnosis, the following techniques were used: Landolt Ring Test, self-assessment scale for athletes, external assessment scale for coaches, interviews with athletes, and structured observation of training and competitions. In the retest, the first three techniques mentioned were repeated. Results: The main results initially obtained were a concentration evaluated as bad and regular in 50 % and 40 % of the sample, respectively, expressed mainly in the repetition of errors already corrected by the coaches and in difficulty in maintaining focus. Post-intervention, an improvement in attention concentration was verified, obtaining a diagnosis of good, very good and excellent in 35 %, 20 % and 20 % of the sample, respectively. Conclusions: It is concluded that the proposed intervention contributed to an improvement in the diagnosis of the process.

Relación entre la activación cortical y los estados de ánimo en judocas de alto rendimiento / Relação entre ativação cortical e estados de humor em jogadores de judô de alto desempenho / Relationship between cortical activation and moods in judo high performance female athletes

RESUMEN La evaluación de la activación cortical e, indicador de fatiga central, constituye un demandado proceder del control psicológico del entrenamiento en deportistas de alto rendimiento en Cuba. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios realizados no abordan la relación entre esta variable y los estados de ánimo, aunque se ha demostrado el impacto que poseen estos últimos en el rendimiento del deportista, en su estado de salud, entre otras variables. El incipiente conocimiento al respecto ha limitado la realización de intervenciones psicopedagógicas más integrales durante el control psicológico del entrenamiento. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo comprobar la relación entre el nivel de activación cortical y los estados de ánimo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por diez judocas del equipo nacional de judo femenino de Cuba. La activación cortical fue medida durante seis sesiones de entrenamiento mediante el uso del Flicker, antes y después de suministradas las cargas. Los estados de ánimo fueron evaluados antes de comenzar cada sesión de entrenamiento con el perfil interactivo de estados de ánimo. Se procesaron los datos mediante la T de Student para muestras relacionadas, el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y Spearman, distribuciones de frecuencias y estadígrafos descriptivos. Los principales resultados arrojaron que en la variable estados de ánimos prevalece el vigor cuya evaluación fue alta antes de iniciar las sesiones de entrenamiento, también se evidenció presencia de fatiga, mientras que el nivel de activación cortical mostró el comportamiento esperado que produjo un aumento significativo de la misma poscarga, constatándose una correlación muy débil entre ambas variables.

RESUMO A avaliação da ativação cortical e, um indicador de fadiga central, constitui um procedimento exigido no controle psicológico do treinamento de atletas de alto rendimento em Cuba. Entretanto, a maioria dos estudos realizados não aborda a relação entre esta variável e o humor, embora o impacto deste último no desempenho e estado de saúde do atleta, entre outras variáveis, tenha sido demonstrado. O conhecimento incipiente a este respeito tem limitado a implementação de intervenções desde psicopedagogias mais abrangentes durante o controle psicológico do treinamento. O objetivo do presente estudo era testar a relação entre o nível de ativação cortical e os estados de humor. A amostra consistiu de 10 judocas da equipe nacional feminina de judô de Cuba. A ativação cortical foi medida durante seis sessões de treinamento usando o Flicker, antes e depois que as cargas foram administradas. Os estados de humor foram avaliados antes do início de cada sessão de treinamento com o Perfil de humor interativo. Os dados foram processados usando o teste t de Student para amostras relacionadas, o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e Spearman, distribuições de frequência e estatísticas descritivas. Os principais resultados mostraram que no variável humor prevaleceu o vigor, cuja avaliação foi alta antes de iniciar as sessões de treinamento, a presença de fadiga também foi evidenciada, enquanto o nível de ativação cortical mostrou o comportamento esperado que produziu um aumento significativo na mesma pós-carga, mostrando uma correlação muito fraca entre as duas variáveis.

ABSTRACT The evaluation of cortical e activation, an indicator of central fatigue, constitutes a demanded procedure for the psychological control of training in high-performance athletes in Cuba. However, most of the studies carried out do not address the relationship between this variable and moods, although the impact that the latter have on the performance of the athlete, on their health status, among other variables, has been demonstrated. The incipient knowledge in this regard has limited the performance of more comprehensive psychopedagogical interventions during the psychological control of training. The present work aimed to verify the relationship between the level of cortical activation and moods. The sample consisted of 10 judokas from the Cuban women's national judo team. Cortical activation was measured during six training sessions using the Flicker, before and after the loads were delivered. Moods were assessed before beginning each training session with the Interactive Moods Profile. Data were processed using Student's T for related samples, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficient, frequency distributions, and descriptive statistics. The main results showed that in the moods variable, vigor prevails, which evaluation was high before starting the training sessions, the presence of fatigue was also evidenced, while the level of cortical activation showed the expected behavior that produced a significant increase in the same after load, confirming a very weak correlation between both variables.

[Body image adaptation in health personnel during COVID-19]. / Adaptación de la imagen corporal en personal de salud durante la COVID-19.

Background: Everything that has contact with the body is also integrated as part of the individual's body image; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) could be integrated into body image. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the drawing of the human figure as a projective tool of body image in health personnel. Material and methods: A retrospective longitudinal descriptive study was carried out, which consisted of the compilation and analysis of the drawing tests of the human figure performed on health personnel in the contingency of COVID-19. A descriptive analysis of the qualitative variables and an inferential analysis with McNemar's test were carried out to compare proportions between groups. Results: 147 drawings in the previous context and their respective drawings in context during the contingency were included. When comparing both groups, in the pandemic context an increase in distortions or omissions was observed (p = 0.013), mainly located in the hands and arms (p < 0.001). Also, traces suggestive of isolation (p = 0.039), drawings with poor definition of the eyes (p = 0.69), inclusion of PPE (p < 0.001), and omission of the nose (p = 0.011) and mouth (p < 0.001) were observed). Conclusions: The increase in distortions or omissions may be related to reconstructing the social part. Six months after the start of the contingency, 40% of the health personnel had already incorporated the PPE into their projective drawing of body image.

Introducción: : todo lo que tiene contacto con el cuerpo también se integra como parte de la imagen corporal del individuo; el equipo de protección personal (EPP) podría integrarse a la imagen corporal. Objetivo: describir las características del dibujo de la figura humana como herramienta proyectiva de la imagen corporal en el personal de salud. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo, que consistió en la recopilación y análisis de los test de dibujo de la figura humana realizado al personal de salud en la contingencia por COVID-19. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables cualitativas y un análisis inferencial con prueba de McNemar para comparar proporciones entre grupos. Resultados: se incluyeron 147 dibujos en contexto previo y sus respectivos dibujos en contexto durante la contingencia. Al comparar ambos grupos, en el contexto pandémico se observó un incremento en las distorsiones u omisiones (p = 0.013), principalmente localizadas en manos y brazos (p < 0.001). También, se observaron trazos sugerentes de aislamiento (p = 0.039), dibujos con poca definición de los ojos (p = 0.69), inclusión del EPP (p < 0.001) y omisión de nariz (p = 0.011) y boca (p < 0.001). Conclusiones: el incremento en las distorsiones u omisiones puede estar relacionado con la reconstrucción de la parte social. Seis meses posteriores al inicio de la contingencia, el 40% del personal de salud ya había incorporado el EPP a su dibujo proyectivo de imagen corporal.

Nicotine Differentially Modulates Emotional-Locomotor Interactions for Adult or Adolescent Rats / La Nicotina Modula Diferencialmente la Interacción Emoción-Locomoción en Ratas Adolescentes o Adultas

Abstract Previous research has shown that exposure to nicotine and other drugs of abuse stimulate dopaminergic neurons in the mesolimbic circuit. Sustained activation of this circuit by prolonged exposure to drugs promotes locomotor sensitization. However, there are inconsistent reports about nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization when assessed among different developmental stages. We evaluated exploratory behavior on specific areas of the open field as an indicator of behavioral disinhibition and general locomotor activity as an indicator of nicotine-induced locomotor sensitization, to further explore the mechanisms underlying behavioral adaptations to nicotine exposure in animals from different developmental stages. We found that while adolescent and adult rats are equally responsive to nicotine-induced loco-motor sensitization, nicotine disrupts inhibition of risk-related behavior only in adolescent rats. Together, our results suggest that chronic daily exposure to nicotine promotes potentiation of its stimulant effects on locomotor activity. In adolescents, this effect is accompanied by a decreased capacity to inhibit risk-related behaviors under the acute effect of the drug.

Resumen Estudios previos han demostrado que exposición a la nicotina y otras drogas de abuso estimula las neuronas dopa-minérgicas del circuito mesolímbico. La activación sostenida de este circuito por exposición a las drogas promueve la sensibilización locomotriz. La evaluación de este efecto en diferentes etapas del desarrollo ha mostrado evidencia contradictoria sobre la susceptibilidad de adolescentes. En este trabajo exploramos las adaptaciones conductuales a la exposición crónica a nicotina en ratas adolescentes y adultas; para esto, evaluamos el comportamiento exploratorio en áreas específicas del campo abierto como indicador de desinhibición comportamental y el desplazamiento general como indicador de sensibilización locomotriz. Encontramos que, ambos grupos etarios muestran igual sensibilización locomotriz inducida por la nicotina y que la nicotina altera la inhibición del comportamiento relacionado con el riesgo sólo en adolescentes. Estos resultados sugieren que la exposición crónica diaria a la nicotina promueve la potenciación de sus efectos estimulantes sobre la actividad locomotriz y en los adolescentes, este efecto se acompana de una disminución de la capacidad para inhibir conductas relacionadas con el riesgo bajo el efecto agudo de la droga.

Adaptación de la imagen corporal en personal de salud durante la COVID-19 / Body image adaptation in health personnel during COVID-19

Introducción: todo lo que tiene contacto con el cuerpo también se integra como parte de la imagen corporal del individuo; el equipo de protección personal (EPP) podría integrarse a la imagen corporal. Objetivo: describir las características del dibujo de la figura humana como herramienta proyectiva de la imagen corporal en el personal de salud. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo, que consistió en la recopilación y análisis de los test de dibujo de la figura humana realizado al personal de salud en la contingencia por COVID-19. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables cualitativas y un análisis inferencial con prueba de McNemar para comparar proporciones entre grupos. Resultados: se incluyeron 147 dibujos en contexto previo y sus respectivos dibujos en contexto durante la contingencia. Al comparar ambos grupos, en el contexto pandémico se observó un incremento en las distorsiones u omisiones (p = 0.013), principalmente localizadas en manos y brazos (p < 0.001). También, se observaron trazos sugerentes de aislamiento (p = 0.039), dibujos con poca definición de los ojos (p = 0.69), inclusión del EPP (p < 0.001) y omisión de nariz (p = 0.011) y boca (p < 0.001). Conclusiones: el incremento en las distorsiones u omisiones puede estar relacionado con la reconstrucción de la parte social. Seis meses posteriores al inicio de la contingencia, el 40% del personal de salud ya había incorporado el EPP a su dibujo proyectivo de imagen corporal.

Background: Everything that has contact with the body is also integrated as part of the individual's body image; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) could be integrated into body image. Objective: To describe the characteristics of the drawing of the human figure as a projective tool of body image in health personnel. Material and methods: A retrospective longitudinal descriptive study was carried out, which consisted of the compilation and analysis of the drawing tests of the human figure performed on health personnel in the contingency of COVID-19. A descriptive analysis of the qualitative variables and an inferential analysis with McNemar's test were carried out to compare proportions between groups. Results: 147 drawings in the previous context and their respective drawings in context during the contingency were included. When comparing both groups, in the pandemic context an increase in distortions or omissions was observed (p = 0.013), mainly located in the hands and arms (p < 0.001). Also, traces suggestive of isolation (p = 0.039), drawings with poor definition of the eyes (p = 0.69), inclusion of PPE (p < 0.001), and omission of the nose (p = 0.011) and mouth (p < 0.001) were observed). Conclusions: The increase in distortions or omissions maybe related to reconstructing the social part. Six months after the start of the contingency, 40% of the health personnel had already incorporated the PPE into their projective drawing of body image.

Theoretical study of boron, beryllium and lithium clusters (n=2-6), adsorption on graphitic carbon nitride and the study of acceptor-donor orbital of the coordination of a styrene molecule on [cluster/g-C3N4] systems.

The adsorption of boron, beryllium and lithium clusters on graphitic carbon nitride g-C3N4, and the adsorption of styrene molecule on the B, Be, Li cluster/g-C3N4 sheet have been investigated through the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our calculations show distortion of the geometry of the clusters when coordinating with the g-C3N4 sheet. Boron (n = 5 and 6), beryllium (n = 2-4, 6) and Li3 cluster on g-C3N4 present characteristics to adsorb a styrene molecule. The styrene on Be4/g-C3N4 system exhibits better adsorption, due to the beryllium atoms have strong interactions with the π-orbitals of the aromatic ring of the styrene molecule. The study of natural bond orbitals of styrene-cluster/g-C3N4 systems showed the donation process from the styrene molecule and the g-C3N4 sheet towards the boron, beryllium and lithium clusters. Only back donation was observed the boron and beryllium clusters.

Going Further: Comprehensive Disease Control of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Targeting Cytokines and Chemokines.

OBJECTIVES: Mechanism of action of biological and synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) includes the inhibition of specific proinflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to elucidate the cytokines and chemokines inhibited by different treatments (conventional synthetic DMARD [csDMARD], biological and targeted synthetic DMARD) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Fifty-nine RA patients with low disease activity or remission included in a cross-sectional study were classified by treatment in groups: abatacept, certolizumab, rituximab (RTX), tocilizumab, tofacitinib (TOF), baricitinib (BAR), and csDMARD. Cytokine and chemokine serum levels were measured by LEGENDplex Human Inflammation panel. Quantitative variables were compared using Student t or Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate, whereas qualitative variables were compared using χ2 or Fisher exact test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Certolizumab, RTX, tocilizumab, and TOF showed that most cytokine pathways inhibited: tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), IL-12, IL-18, and IL-23; in addition, csDMARDs showed a similar inhibition patron except for IL-23. Serum level of tumor necrosis factor α pathway was one of the most inhibited being undetectable in RTX, TOF, and BAR groups. Interleukin 6 was shown to be inhibited by abatacept, RTX, and TOF; however, higher levels were observed in 3 patients treated with tocilizumab. Abatacept, certolizumab, RTX, and TOF downregulated IL-10 in this group of patients but remained detectable in almost half of the subjects, with the highest levels in the BAR group. The active pathways that remained the most were CC chemokine ligand 2, IL-8, IL-17, and IL-33. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the cytokine chemokine pathways inhibition could help rheumatologists to prescribe a tailored therapy using the arsenal of DMARDs for individualized RA treatment in an evidence-based decision manner.

Los factores que afectan la concentración de la atención en atletas de boxeo en situaciones de combate / Fatores que afetam a concentração da atenção em atletas de boxe em situações de combate / Factors affecting concentration of attention in boxing athletes in combat situations

Resumen La concentración de la atención constituye un aspecto fundamental para lograr altos resultados en el boxeo; por eso, se necesita mantener el control de los factores que influyen en esta para lograr un desempeño adecuado en situaciones de combate. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar los factores que influyen en el desempeño adecuado de la concentración de la atención en los boxeadores en situaciones de combate. Para realizar el diagnóstico se utilizan métodos como la entrevista al boxeador, observaciones a entrenamientos, topes competitivos, la variante del test de síntomas de carga para los atletas y la escala de valoración externa a entrenadores. Para el análisis de los resultados se aplicó la estadística descriptiva, utilizando como medidas de tendencia la mediana y la moda. Además, se realizan distribuciones empíricas de frecuencias absolutas y relativas, el análisis de varianza no paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis con nivel de significación de p<0,05. Se aprecia en los resultados que los factores que influyen negativamente en el desempeño adecuado de la concentración de la atención, autopercibidos por los boxeadores y entrenadores fueron la manifiesta superioridad del contrario y los reproches de los entrenadores durante la competencia. Como conclusiones se aprecia que los resultados obtenidos demuestran que los factores que influyen en el desempeño adecuado de la concentración de los atletas son la manifiesta superioridad del contrario, los reproches durante la competencia y se recomienda la aplicación de acciones de intervención psicológica para mejorar la concentración de la atención de los boxeadores estudiados, basadas en la definición acertada de los focos atencionales y ofrecer feedbakc positivos por parte de los entrenadores.

Resumo A concentração das atenções é um aspecto fundamental para alcançar resultados elevados no boxe; portanto, é necessário manter o controle dos fatores que a influenciam para alcançar um desempenho adequado em situações de combate. O presente trabalho visa analisar os fatores que influenciam o desempenho adequado da concentração da atenção nos boxeadores em situações de combate. Para fazer o diagnóstico, são utilizados métodos como a entrevista do boxeador, observações a treinos, paragens competitivas, a variante do Teste de Sintoma de Carga para atletas e a escala de avaliação externa para treinadores. Para a análise dos resultados foram aplicadas as estatísticas descritivas, usando como medidas de tendência a mediana e a moda. Além disso, foram feitas distribuições empíricas de frequências absolutas e relativas, a análise da variância não paramétrica de Kruskal Wallis com um nível de significância de p<0,05. É apreciado nos resultados que os fatores que influenciam negativamente no desempenho adequado da concentração de atenção, autopercebida pelos boxeadores e treinadores, foram a manifesta superioridade do adversário e as reprovações dos treinadores durante a competição. Os resultados obtidos mostram que os fatores que influenciam o desempenho adequado da concentração dos atletas são a manifesta superioridade do adversário e as reprovações durante a competição. Recomenda-se a aplicação de ações de intervenção psicológica para melhorar a concentração da atenção dos boxeadores estudados, com base na definição correta dos focos de atenção e para oferecer feedbakc positivo pelos treinadores.

Abstract Concentration of attention is a fundamental aspect to achieve high results in boxing; therefore, it is necessary to keep control of the factors that influence it to achieve an adequate performance in combat situations. The aim of this paper is to analyze the factors that influence the proper performance of concentration of attention in boxers in combat situations. To carry out the diagnosis, methods such as interviewing the boxer, observations to trainings, competitive stops, the variant of the Load Symptom Test for athletes and the external assessment scale for coaches are used. For the analysis of the results, the descriptive statistics were applied, using as trend measures the median and the mode. In addition, empirical distributions of absolute and relative frequencies were made, the analysis of non-parametric variance of Kruskal Wallis with a significance level of p<0.05. It is appreciated in the results that the factors that influence negatively in the adequate performance of the concentration of attention, self perceived by the boxers and trainers were the manifest superiority of the opponent and the reproaches of the trainers during the competition. As conclusions, it is appreciated that the obtained results demonstrate that the factors that influence in the suitable performance of the concentration of the athletes are the manifest superiority of the opposite, the reproaches during the competition and it is recommended the application of actions of psychological intervention to improve the concentration of the attention of the studied boxers, based on the correct definition of the attentional focuses and to offer positive feedbakc on the part of the trainers.

El sector público y el sector privado de la sanidad: ¿estabilidad o cambio? / The public and the private healthcare sector in Spain: stability or change?

No disponible

Atención de enfermería al paciente politraumatizado,Hospital Regional de Bata, 2017 / Nursing care for the polytraumatized patient,Bata Regional Hospital,2017

Introducción:Cualquier persona es susceptible de sufrir un traumatismo ypor ello, es importante que todos los profesionales de la salud especialmente el profesional de enfermería, disponga de los conocimientos básicos que le permitan abordar adecuadamente la asistencia inicial.Objetivo:Evaluar el cumplimiento de los cuidados de enfermería al paciente politraumatizado. Métodos:Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo longitudinal. Servicio de Urgencias y Cirugía del Hospital Regional de Bata. Enero -mayo del 2017. Universo: 37 enfermeras (os), y la muestra 20. Se aplicó una guía de observación. Las variables fueron: acciones de Enfermería: si ejecuta las medidas de protección para la atención a estos pacientes, prepara el servicio de urgencias para recibirlos, realiza una evaluacióninicial al paciente, desempeña los cuidados de enfermería según procedimientos. Resultados:El 95% de los enfermerosprepara el servicio para realizar las acciones correspondientes, el 90%, ejecuta las medidas de protección y el 100% realiza la evaluación inicial; un 85% coloca al paciente en posición adecuada, el 90% le realiza aspiración de cavidad, el 95% realiza lacolocación de sonda nasogástrica y vesical, un 90% hace la cura local de heridas, el 80% de los profesionales cumple con el aseo del paciente, un 95% brinda educación sanitaria al paciente y familiares.Conclusiones:Los cuidados de enfermería en la atención al paciente politraumatizado en el servicio de urgencias y cirugía, en su generalidad se ejecutan de manera correcta. Existe inestabilidad de recursos básicos en los servicios y en la capacitación del personal de enfermería

Introduction:Anyone is susceptible to trauma and therefore, it is important that all health professionals, especially the nursing professional, have the basic knowledge that allows them to adequately address initial assistance. Objective:To evaluate the fulfillment of the nursing care to the polytraumatized patient. Methods:Alongitudinal prospective descriptive study was carried out. Emergency Service and Surgery of the Regional Hospital of Bata. January -May 2017. Universe: 37 nurses, and sample 20. An observation guide was applied. The variables were: Nursing actions: if you execute protective measures to care for these patients, prepare the emergency service to receive them, perform an initial evaluation of the patient, perform nursing care according to procedures. Results:95% of the nurses (as) prepare the service to perform the corresponding actions, 90%, execute the protection measures and 100% perform the initial evaluation; 85% place the patient in an appropriate position, 90% perform cavity aspiration, 95% perform nasogastric and bladder catheter placement, 90% perform local wound healing, 80% of professionals comply with thepatient's hygiene, 95% provide health education to the patient and family members. Conclusions:Nursing care in the care of patients with multiple trauma in the emergency department and surgery, in general, is performed correctly. There is instability ofbasic resources in the services and training of nursing personnel.

La técnica de la rejilla en la evaluación de las aspiraciones y constructos vocacionales / The grid technique in the assessment of aspirations and vocational constructs

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar las aspiraciones ocupacionales y el contenido temático de los constructos vocacionales de 112 alumnos de centros de secundaria de la comunidad indígena yaqui (Sonora, México) a través de la aplicación de una versión idiográfica de la Rejilla Vocacional (RV). Se realizó un análisis cualitativo de contenido de los elementos y constructos de las RV para identificar categorías de aspiraciones ocupacionales y elaborar un sistema de clasificación de los constructos vocacionales. La mayoría de los alumnos mencionaron la aspiración de ejercer profesiones que requieren estudios superiores, siendo los constructos más frecuentes «contribución social» y «desarrollo intelectual». Se identificaron diferencias de género y la necesidad de orientación vocacional. Se concluye que la RV es útil para evaluar el sistema de constructos vocacionales de este grupo de alumnos, permitiendo obtener información idiosincrática y detectar necesidades específicas, útiles en el diseño de los programas de orientación vocacional pertinentes

The aim of the study was to identify the occupational aspirations and thematic content of vocational constructs of 112 secondary school students belonging to the Yaqui Indian community (Sonora, Mexico), through the application of an ideographic version of the Vocational Grid (VG). We performed a qualitative content analysis of the elements and constructs of the VG to identify categories of occupational aspirations and to develop a classification system of vocational constructs. Most students mentioned the aspiration to exercise jobs requiring higher education; the most common constructs were «social contribution» and «intellectual development». Gender differences and vocational guidance needs were identified. It is concluded that VG is useful to evaluate the system of vocational constructs of this group of students. The VG provides information and identify idiosyncratic specific needs, useful in designing relevant programs of vocational guidance

A Combined Spectroscopic/Molecular Dynamic Study for Investigating a Methyl-Carboxylated PEI as a Potential Uranium Decorporation Agent.

Natural uranium has a very limited radioactive dose impact, but its chemical toxicity due to chronic exposure is still a matter of debate. Once inside the human body, the soluble uranium, under its uranyl form (U(VI)), is quickly removed from the blood system, partially excreted from the body, and partially retained in targeted organs, that is, the kidneys and bone matrix essentially. It is then crucial to remove or prevent the incorporation of uranium in these organs to limit the long-term chronic exposure. A lot of small chelating agents such as aminocarboxylates, catecholamides, and hydroxypyridonates have been developed so far. However, they suffer from poor selectivity and targeting abilities. Macromolecules and polymers are known to present a passive accumulation (size related), that is, the so-called enhanced permeability and retention effect, toward the main organs, which can be used as indirect targeting. Very interestingly, the methyl carboxylated polyethylenimine (PEI-MC) derivative has been described as a potent sequestering agent for heavy metals. It would be therefore an interesting candidate to evaluate as a new class of decorporation agents with passive targeting capabilities matching uranium preferential sequestering sites. In the present work, we explored the ability of a highly functionalized (89% rate) PEI-MC to uptake U(VI) close to physiological pH using a combination of analytical and spectroscopic techniques (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS); and Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR)) together with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. A maximum loading of 0.47 mg U(VI) per milligram of PEI-MC was determined by ICP-OES measurements. From FT-IR data, a majority of monodentate coordination of the carboxylate functions of the PEI-MC seems to occur. From EXAFS and MD, a mix of mono and bidentate coordination mode was observed. Note that agreement between the EXAFS metrical parameters and MD radial distribution functions is remarkable. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive structural study of a macromolecular PEI-based agent considered for uranium decorporation purposes.

Crystal structure of 1,3-di-cyclo-hexyl-1-[3-(pyren-1-yl)prop-anoyl]urea.

In the title compound, C33H38N2O2, each of the cyclo-hexyl rings adopts a chair conformation. The two planes involving carbonyl groups, C-(C=O)-N and N-(C=O)-N, are oriented at a dihedral angle of 62.28 (10)°. In the crystal, two neighboring mol-ecules are linked by a pair of N-H⋯O inter-actions, generating an inversion dimer. The dimers are inter-connected by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a supra-molecular chain along the a-axis direction.

The flavonoid quercetin ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology and protects cognitive and emotional function in aged triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease model mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common senile dementia in the world. Although important progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of AD, current therapeutic approaches provide only modest symptomatic relief. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of quercetin (25 mg/kg) administration via i.p. injection every 48 h for 3 months on aged (21-24 months old) triple transgenic AD model (3xTg-AD) mice. Our data show that quercetin decreases extracellular ß-amyloidosis, tauopathy, astrogliosis and microgliosis in the hippocampus and the amygdala. These results were supported by a significant reduction in the paired helical filament (PHF), ß-amyloid (ßA) 1-40 and ßA 1-42 levels and a decrease in BACE1-mediated cleavage of APP (into CTFß). Additionally, quercetin induced improved performance on learning and spatial memory tasks and greater risk assessment behavior based on the elevated plus maze test. Together, these findings suggest that quercetin reverses histological hallmarks of AD and protects cognitive and emotional function in aged 3xTg-AD mice.

Estudio de los valores en la iniciación deportiva en atletas cubanos / Study of the values in the sporting initiation in Cuban athletes

El presente trabajo se propone como objetivo general identificar los valores que se expresan en la conducta de los deportistas en su etapa de iniciación deportiva. Teniendo como objetivos específicos: explorar la autopercepción de los valores y antivalores, explorar su ideal de valores e indagar el componente cognitivo, afectivo y conductual de los valores deportivos: disciplina, colectivismo, responsabilidad, perseverancia, honestidad, honradez, patriotismo y de los antivalores deportivos: campeonismo, conducta antideportiva y doping. La muestra estuvo conformada por 90 deportistas de la iniciación deportiva, escolares y juveniles, de 19 deportes. Las técnicas aplicadas fueron una entrevista individual estructurada a deportistas; entrenadores, directivos y especialistas y un cuestionario. Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó el análisis porcentual. Los principales resultados demuestran que los valores que más se expresan en la conducta de los deportistas estudiados son la disciplina, el amor hacia el deporte y el extra de campeones. No obstante, los porcientos de expresión de los mismos se circunscriben fundamentalmente a la actividad deportiva y resulta aún insuficiente el número de deportistas en los que aparece la expresión de los mismos. Los antivalores deportivos: campeonismo y conducta antideportiva representada en la pérdida del control emocional ante las adversidades suelen alcanzar también en la muestra estudiada una expresión a nivel conductual. Los valores más conocidos resultaron ser: el patriotismo, la honestidad y la disciplina. En cuanto a los antivalores: el doping. No obstante, el conocimiento de los valores y antivalores deportivos, el vínculo afectivo y la expresión en conducta de los mismos es aún insuficiente

The general objective of this work is to identify the values that express in the behavior of the sportsmen in their stage of sporting initiation. Having as specific objectives: to explore the self-perception of the values and negative values, to explore their ideal values and to explore the cognitive, affective and behavior components of the sporting values: discipline, collectivism, responsibility, perseverance, honesty, patriotism. The sporting negative values: championship, sporting negative behavior and doping. The sample was integrated by 90 sportsmen of the sporting initiation, schoolchildren and young of 19 sports. The applied techniques were a structured individual interview to sportsmen, coaches directors and specialists and a questionnaire. To the processing of the information was used the percentage analysis. The main results prove that the values more expressed in the behavior of the studied sportsmen are: the discipline, the love to the sport and the extra of champions. However, its percentiles of expression are founded fundamentally in the sporting activity and the number of the sportsmen where appear the expression is still insufficient. The negative values championship, sporting negative behavior represented in the loss of the emotional control in the face of adversity usual to reach in the studied sample an expression to behavior level. The values more known were: the patriotism, the honesty and the discipline As for the negative values was the doping. However, the knowledge of the values and sporting negative values, the affective link and the expression in behavior is still insufficient

Disparities in work, risk and health between immigrants and native-born Spaniards.

The probability of acquiring a permanent disability is partly determined by working and contractual conditions, particularly exposure to job risks. We postulate a model in which this impact is mediated by the choice of occupation, with a level of risk associated with it. We assume this choice is endogenous and that it depends on preferences and opportunities in the labour market, both of which may differ between immigrants and natives. To test this hypothesis we apply a bivariate probit model, in which we control for personal and firm characteristics, to data for 2006 from the Continuous Sample of Working Lives provided by the Spanish Social Security system, containing records for over a million workers. We find that risk exposure increases the probability of permanent disability--arising from any cause--by almost 5%. Temporary employment and low-skilled jobs also have a positive impact. Increases in education reduce the likelihood of disability, even after controlling for the impact of education on the choice of (lower) risk. Females have a greater probability of becoming disabled. Migrant status--with differences among regions of origin--significantly affects both disability and the probability of being employed in a high-risk occupation. In spite of immigrants' working conditions being objectively worse, they exhibit a lower probability of becoming disabled than natives because the impact of such conditions on disability is much smaller in their case. Time elapsed since first enrolment in the Social Security system increases the probability of disability in a proportion similar to that of natives, which is consistent with the immigrant assimilation hypothesis. We finally conclude that our theoretical hypothesis that disability and risk are jointly determined is only valid for natives and not valid for immigrants, in the sense that, for them, working conditions are not a matter of choice in terms of health.