Quantitative association between gene expression and blood cell production of individual hematopoietic stem cells in mice.

Individual hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) produce different amounts of blood cells upon transplantation. Taking advantage of the intercellular variation, we developed an experimental and bioinformatic approach to evaluating the quantitative association between gene expression and blood cell production across individual HSCs. We found that most genes associated with blood production exhibit the association only at some levels of blood production. By mapping gene expression with blood production, we identified four distinct patterns of their quantitative association. Some genes consistently correlate with blood production over a range of levels or across all levels, and these genes are found to regulate lymphoid but not myeloid production. Other genes exhibit one or more clear peaks of association. Genes with overlapping peaks are found to be coexpressed in other tissues and share similar molecular functions and regulatory motifs. By dissecting intercellular variations, our findings revealed four quantitative association patterns that reflect distinct dose-response molecular mechanisms modulating the blood cell production of HSCs.

Differential Association of Glycation Products with Bone Mineral Density and Fat Mass in Healthy and Diabetes Type 2 Subjects from Mexican Southeastern: A Cross Sectional Study.

Background: Glycation products have been linked to decreased bone mineral density (BMD) in a number of clinical settings. This study examined the correlation between early glycation products (HbA1c and glycated albumin (ALB-g)) and advanced glycation end products (pentosidine (PTD)) with BMD in two groups of participants: those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and those without diabetes or any other comorbidities (noDM). All of the participants had resided in southeastern Mexico for a minimum of 10 years. Material and Methods: This study included 204 participants: 112 (55%) with DM2 and 92 (45%) healthy subjects. We utilized dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure both the total and segment-specific BMD and adipose mass. In addition, the fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, PTD, and ALB-g parameters were measured. Correlation and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: There was an inverse correlation between PTD and BMD in all anatomical regions among postmenopausal women (PMW) in the DM2 group, whereas in non-PMW, only the waist-to-height ratio was statistically significant. A negative correlation was observed between HbA1c levels and BMD in the arms and legs of DM2 individuals. However, in the noDM group, a negative correlation was found between HbA1c levels and BMD in the pelvis, while a positive association was observed between HbA1c and indicators of adipose tissue. ALB-g, demonstrated a negative correlation with fat mass. After performing binary logistic regressions, the following odds ratios (OR) for osteopenia/osteoporosis risk were determined: PTD OR 1.1 (p = 0.047) for DM2 PMW, HbA1c OR 1.4 (p = 0.048), and fat mass content OR 1.011 (p = 0.023) for the entire sample. Conclusions: Glycation products are associated with BMD differentially depending on the analyzed anatomical segment, but PTD, HbA1c, and fat mass are significant predictors of low bone mass. In prospective studies, this association could be determined using other techniques involving three-dimensional analysis of bone architecture to evaluate bone architecture.

Honey Production and Climate Change: Beekeepers' Perceptions, Farm Adaptation Strategies, and Information Needs.

Because climate change has severely impacted global bee populations by depleting their habitats and food sources, beekeepers must implement management practices to adapt to changing climates. However, beekeepers in El Salvador lack information about necessary climate change adaptation strategies. This study explored Salvadoran beekeepers' experiences adapting to climate change. The researchers used a phenomenological case study approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with nine Salvadoran beekeepers who were members of The Cooperative Association for Marketing, Production, Savings, and Credit of Beekeepers of Chalatenango (ACCOPIDECHA). The beekeepers perceived water and food scarcity, as well as extreme weather events (e.g., increasing temperature, rain, winds), as the leading climate change-induced challenges to their production. Such challenges have augmented their honey bees' physiological need for water, limited their movement patterns, decreased apiary safety, and increased the incidence of pests and diseases, all of which have led to honey bee mortality. The beekeepers shared adaptation strategies, including box modification, apiary relocation, and food supplementation. Although most beekeepers accessed climate change information using the internet, they struggled to understand and apply pertinent information unless they received it from trusted ACCOPIDECHA personnel. Salvadoran beekeepers require information and demonstrations to improve their climate change adaptation strategies and implement new ones to address the challenges they experience.

RNA splicing factor Rbm25 underlies heterogeneous preleukemic clonal expansion in mice.

Clonal expansion sets the stage for cancer genesis by allowing for the accumulation of molecular alterations. Although genetic mutations such as Tet2 that induce clonal expansion and malignancy have been identified, these mutations are also frequently found in healthy individuals. Here, we tracked preleukemic clonal expansion using genetic barcoding in an inducible Tet2 knockout mouse model and found that only a small fraction of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) expanded excessively upon Tet2 knockout. These overexpanded HSCs expressed significantly lower levels of genes associated with leukemia and RNA splicing than nonoverexpanded Tet2 knockout HSCs. Knocking down Rbm25, an identified RNA splicing factor, accelerated the expansion of Tet2-knockout hematopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that mutations of an epigenetic factor Tet2 induce variability in the expression of an RNA splicing factor Rbm25, which subsequently drives heterogeneous preleukemic clonal expansion. This heterogeneous clonal expansion could contribute to the variable disease risks across individuals.

Lineage tracking to reveal the fate of hematopoietic stem cells influenced by Flk2- multipotent progenitors after transplantation.

After transplantation, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) sustain blood cell regeneration throughout the patient's life. Recent studies suggest that several types of mature blood cells provide feedback signals to regulate HSC fate. However, the potential feedback effect of hematopoietic progenitor cells has not been characterized to date. The present investigation demonstrated that multipotent progenitors (MPPs) promoted T cell production of HSCs when both cell types were cotransplanted in mice. Using genetic barcodes to track individual HSCs in mice, we found that the increased T cell production by HSCs was associated with the combined effects of altered lineage bias and clonal expansion during HSC differentiation. We showed that MPP and HSC co-transplantation promoted the multilineage differentiation of HSCs in the short term while preserving lymphoid-specialized HSC differentiation in the long term. Our findings indicate that MPPs derived from HSCs regulate the fate of HSCs after bone marrow transplantation.

Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de una cohorte de pacientes con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients infected with HIV / Características epidemiológicas e clínicas de uma coorte de pacientes com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana

Introducción. Los estudios de cohortes han sido fundamentales para describir la evolución de múltiples enfermedades. El Grupo de estudio Uruguayo de VIH, comenzó en 2018 el seguimiento de una cohorte de personas con VIH de diferentes prestadores de salud. Objetivo . Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las personas incluidas en la cohorte GeUVIH. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, observacional, multicéntrico transversal y prospectivo. Desde 1 de julio de 2018 hasta 31 de mayo de 2021. Se analizaron 795 personas con VIH de centros con consultas ambulatorias públicas y privadas de Montevideo-Uruguay. Resultados. Se analizaron 795. Relación hombre/ mujer 2 a 1. Mediana de edad 46 años. El 56,6% tenía entre 39 y 58 años. Motivaron al diagnóstico de VIH sobre todo controles en salud y enfermedades oportunistas. Al ingresar a la cohorte el 49% llevaba más de 10 años viviendo con VIH y el 25% estaba en estadio SIDA. El 98.4% estaban recibiendo antirretrovirales y de ellos 84% tenían carga viral indetectable. El 1,3% estaba co-infectado con el VHB y 3,9% con el VHC. Fallecieron 4 pacientes de la cohorte. Conclusiones. Se observó una población vinculada a los servicios de salud, que recibe TAR y es adherente. El envejecimiento de la población nos obliga a diagnosticar y tratar precozmente las comorbilidades. Se debe estimular el diagnóstico de VIH durante el control en salud y/o campañas preventivas. El mantenimiento de la cohorte prospectivamente dará información fundamental para la toma de decisiones.

Introduction: cohort studies are essential to describe the evolution of multiple diseases. In 2018 the Uruguayan group for the study of HIV started to monitor a cohort of individuals infected with HIV in different health care Institutions. Objective: to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of individuals included in an HIV cohort (GeUVIH). Patients and method: descriptive, observational, multi-transversal and prospective study. From July 1, 2018 to May 31, 2021. 795 individuals infected with HIV were analyzed in private and public outpatient consultations in Montevideo, Uruguay. Results: the case of 795 patients was analyzed. Men/women ratio was 2/1. Median age was 46 years old. 65.6% was between 39 and 58 years old. HIV diagnosis mainly resulted from health control and opportunistic diseases. Upon inclusion in the cohort group, 49% of patients had been living with HIV for over 10 years and were in the AIDS stage of infection. 98.3% were under antiretroviral treatment and in 84% of them viral load could not be detected. 1.3% of patients presented HIV-HIB coinfection and 3.9% HIV-HIC coinfection. 4 patients in the cohort died. Conclusions: the studied population was found to be related to the health care services, receiving antiretroviral therapy and showing good adherence to treatment. The aging of population makes it mandatory for the early diagnosis and treatment of comorbilities. Diagnosis of HIV must be encouraged in health care controls or preventive campaigns. The prospective maintenance of the cohort will provide key data for the making of decisions.

Introdução: estudos de coorte têm sido essenciais para descrever a evolução de múltiplas doenças. O Grupo Uruguaio de Estudos de HIV começou a monitorar uma coorte de pessoas com HIV de diferentes prestadores de serviços de saúde em 2018. Objetivo: descrever as características epidemiológicas e clínicas das pessoas incluídas na coorte GeUVIH. Pacientes e métodos : estudo descritivo, observacional, multicêntrico, transversal e prospectivo. No período 1º de julho de 2018 a 31 de maio de 2021 foram analisadas 795 pessoas com HIV de unidades ambulatoriais públicas e privadas em Montevidéu-Uruguai. Resultados: foram incluídas 795 pessoas. A proporção homem/mulher foi 2 para 1, a mediana de idade 46 anos sendo que 56,6% tinham entre 39 e 58 anos. O diagnóstico do HIV foi motivado especialmente por controles de saúde e pela detecção de doenças oportunistas. Ao ingressar na coorte, 49% viviam com HIV há mais de 10 anos e 25% encontravam-se na fase de AIDS. 98,4% estavam recebendo antirretrovirais e 84% deles tinham carga viral indetectável. 1,3% estavam co-infectados com HBV e 3,9% com HCV. Quatro pacientes da coorte morreram. Conclusões: observou-se uma população vinculada aos serviços de saúde, que recebe TARV com adesão ao tratamento. O envelhecimento da população obriga-nos a diagnosticar e tratar precocemente as comorbilidades. O diagnóstico de HIV deve ser incentivado durante controles de saúde e/ou campanhas preventivas. Manter a coorte prospectivamente fornecerá informações essenciais para a tomada de decisões.

Profundización a Políticas Públicas que apuesten a una vida saludable para el Pueblo Venezolano / Deepening of Public Policies that bet on a healthy life for the Venezuelan People

Este ensayo constituye un análisis reflexivo crítico de lo que estamos haciendo y lo que queremos alcanzar, que dé cuenta de que debemos hacer para garantizar el derecho a la salud que se traduzca en vida saludable para el pueblo venezolano. La intencionalidad lleva a encontrar a través de la narrativa crítica reflexiva una respuesta concreta y racional a ¿Cuál es el desafío que profundiza a políticas públicas en un gobierno que apuesta al vivir viviendo? El reto, darle significado y sentido a la respuesta, es decir, entender y comprender cuál es "la base del compromiso" al decir de De Sousa (1)Venezuela, desde 1998 tras el arribo del Comandante Supremo Hugo Chávez como Presidente de Venezuela, anidó esperanzas de un mundo mejor, ante el proceso de casi cuarenta años activado y dirigido por el nefasto hecho político del pacto de Punto Fijo, que para la década de los ochenta repunta y trasciende un modo de vida contraria a la dignidad humana de cara al modelo neoliberal impuesto, que materializó la privatización, con franco desmantelamiento del sector público. Muchos avances se han evidenciado a lo largo de estos casi veinte años en el intento de ir prefigurando el socialismo del siglo XXI. Hoy 2020, sometidos desde el inicio de este proceso de cambio y transformación a una guerra permanente por parte de los que adversan un modelo de país que tiene como centro al ser humano y decreta la justicia social, se plantean desafíos importantes para darle el frente a los efectos de la guerra, que en salud están reñidos con el derecho a la vida. Ocupa ponerse al frente de los retos y trascender para impactar las estructuras, transformándolas. Lo que supone aportar elementos que profundicen la viabilidad y factibilidad delas políticas públicas y se direccionen permanentemente y ante cualquier circunstancia a mantener vida saludable para las y los venezolanos.

This essay constitutes a critical reflective analysis of what we are doing and what we want to achieve, which gives an account of what we must do to guarantee the right to health that translates into a healthy life for the Venezuelan people. The intentionality leads to find through the reflexive critical narrative a concrete and rational answer to What is the challenge that deepens public policies in a government that bets on living by living? The challenge is to give meaning and sense to the answer, that is, to understand and comprehend what is "the basis of commitment" as De Sousa (1)says. Venezuela, since 1998 after the arrival of the Supreme Commander Hugo Chávez as President of Venezuela, nested hopes of a better world, in view of the almost forty year process activated and directed by the nefarious political fact of the Punto Fijo pact, which by the eighties, rebounded and transcended a way of life contrary to human dignity in the face of the imposed neoliberal model, which materialized privatization, with frank dismantling of the public sector. Many advances have been evidenced throughout these almost twenty years in the attempt to prefigure the socialism of the 21st century. Today, 2020, subjected since the beginning of this process of change and transformation to a permanent war by those who oppose a model of a country that has the human being at its center and decrees social justice, important challenges are posed to face the effects of the war, which in health are at odds with the right to life. It is necessary to take up the challenges and transcend them in order to have an impact on the structures, transforming them. This implies contributing elements that deepen the viability and feasibility of public policies and that are permanently directed, under any circumstance, to maintain a healthy life for Venezuelans.

Deciphering intratumoral heterogeneity using integrated clonal tracking and single-cell transcriptome analyses.

Cellular heterogeneity is a major cause of treatment resistance in cancer. Despite recent advances in single-cell genomic and transcriptomic sequencing, it remains difficult to relate measured molecular profiles to the cellular activities underlying cancer. Here, we present an integrated experimental system that connects single cell gene expression to heterogeneous cancer cell growth, metastasis, and treatment response. Our system integrates single cell transcriptome profiling with DNA barcode based clonal tracking in patient-derived xenograft models. We show that leukemia cells exhibiting unique gene expression respond to different chemotherapies in distinct but consistent manners across multiple mice. In addition, we uncover a form of leukemia expansion that is spatially confined to the bone marrow of single anatomical sites and driven by cells with distinct gene expression. Our integrated experimental system can interrogate the molecular and cellular basis of the intratumoral heterogeneity underlying disease progression and treatment resistance.

Food Insecurity and the Hispanic Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Historically, food insecurity has been a problem for the Hispanic/Latino population in the United States. Variations in food insecurity exist among this population by origin, immigration status, household composition, and region. The coronavirus pandemic has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities this population faces with food insecurity including limited economic resources, reliance on programs unprepared for atypical circumstances, closure of avenues providing access to meals, and unemployment. This paper reviews key factors related to the current rate of food insecurity among the Hispanic/Latino population in the mainland United States and is an exemplar of similar variability found in Puerto Rico. Recommendations for reducing food insecurity in this population are provided. (word count:109).

Formación docente en salud colectiva en el centro de estudios salud colectiva y derecho a la vida UBV: desafío para el sistema de salud venezolano / Collective health teacher training at the center for collective health and the right to life studies UBV: challenge for the venezuelan health system

La Formación Docente en Salud Colectiva constituye un proceso estratégico que proyecta el desarrollo y la transformación social exigencias contenidas en el proyecto de país venezolano. La esencia, es una constante producción de conocimiento para direccionar al pueblo venezolano hacia una conciencia crítica, con conocimiento y acción hacia una vida saludable. En tal sentido el análisis crítico de este proceso y sus precisiones categoriales en la Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela, Eje Geopolítico Regional Cacique Guaicaipuro son un aporte al Área Académica Salud Colectiva y Derecho a la Vida en el fortalecimiento del sistema de salud y la construcción de una nueva cultura de la salud que desde una visión ético-política de la formación e investigación se sitúa en aproximarse en humanizar el servicio de salud. Se incluyó la sistematización de experiencia como metódica, que permitió recuperar el proceso de Formación Docente en Salud Colectiva en el Centro de Estudio Salud Colectiva y Derecho a la Vida, Núcleo Académico Salud Colectiva para el Vivir Viviendo y la Suprema Felicidad Social de la Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela en el Eje Geopolítico Regional Cacique Guaicaipuro, analizar, sistematizar e interpretar críticamente el proceso, comprenderlo, obtener aprendizaje y orientar para nuevas intervenciones.

Teacher Training in Collective Health constitutes a strategic process that projects the development and social transformation demands contained in the Venezuelan country project. The essence is a constant production of knowledge to direct the Venezuelan people towards a critical conscience, with knowledge and action towards a healthy life. In this sense, the critical analysis of this process and its categorical precisions in the Bolivarian University of Venezuela, Regional Geopolitical Axis Cacique Guaicaipuro are a contribution to the Academic Area Collective Health and Right to Life in the strengthening of the health system and the construction of a new culture of health that from an ethical-political vision of training and research is situated in approaching to humanize the health service. The systematization of experience was included as a method, which allowed recovering the process of Collective Health Teacher Training in the Center for the Study of Collective Health and the Right to Life, Academic Nucleus Collective Health for the Living Living and the Supreme Social Happiness of the Bolivarian University of Venezuela in the Regional Geopolitical Axis Cacique Guaicaipuro, analyzing, systematizing and critically interpreting the process, understanding it, obtaining learning and orienting for new interventions.

Productive and reproductive performance of females F1 Holstein x Gir daughters of proven bulls.

Records of 234 lactations from F1 Holstein x Gyr daughters of proven bulls were used in this study for the evaluation of productive and reproductive characteristics of cows. Data were collected from a private farm located in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Monte, MG, Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Holstein bull's PTA milk (predicted transmitting ability) calving year, season, and parity on the productive and reproductive characteristics of F! cows. The productive characteristics analyzed were total milk production (TMP), average daily production (ADP), days in milk (DIM), and milk yield per day of calving interval (MYDCI). The studied reproductive characteristics were service interval (SI), calving interval (CI), and gestation length (GL). The results were subjected to statistical analysis and means for significant effects were compared using Duncan's test at a significance level of 5%. F1 animals efficiently expressed their genetic potential for milk production with an average total milk production of 7842.61 kg and average daily production of 24.53 kg. Means for days in milk, milk yield per day of calving interval, service interval, calving interval, and gestation length were 322.52 days, 20.73 kg, 106.0 days, 383.23 days, and 276.18 days, respectively. Properly managed F1 Holstein x Gyr daughters of proven bulls fed a balanced diet efficiently expressed their genetic potential for milk production without adverse effects on reproduction. Moreover, Holstein x Gyr cows should be selected based on parents' PTA for milk traits and other factors such as environmental conditions and management.

Lean on Your Land Grant: One University's Approach to Address the Food Supply Chain Workforce during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

During the spring 2020 COVID-19 outbreak, faculty and staff within Ohio State University's College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences came together from multiple disciplines to support essential agricultural workers. Concerted leadership from administration provided a framework for this interaction to occur while faculty worked off-campus to address the many issues identified by the agricultural community, the industry sector, and other state agencies. During the onset period, much of our work was reactive; our efforts to address worker safety and health involved three primary areas within: 1) production agricultural workers, 2) produce growers and direct marketing enterprises, and 3) meat supply chain workers. Communication to target audiences relied upon our ability to convert face-to-face programming into virtual webinars, social media, and digital publications. A Food System Task Force mobilized specialists to address emerging issues, with one specific topic related to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). As we continue to face new seasons in agriculture production, and pockets of COVID-19 outbreaks within our state, we will continue to address the dynamic needs of our food supply systems. There are implications for how we will teach the agricultural workforce within a virtual platform, including the evaluation of the effectiveness of those training programs. There are renewed opportunities to integrate health and safety content into other Extension teams who conventionally focused on production practices and farm management topics. Several research themes emerged during subgroup dialog to pursue new knowledge in workers' cultural attitude and barriers, PPE design, PPE access, and overall attitude toward COVID-19 health practices.

Assessing the accuracy of prediction for milk fatty acids by using a small reference population of tropical Holstein cows.

Fatty acids (FA) have been related to effects on human health, sensory quality and shelf life of dairy products, cow's health and methane emission. However, despite their importance, they are not regularly measured in all dairy herds yet, which can affect the accuracy of estimated breeding values (EBV) for these traits. In this case, an alternative is to use genomic selection. Thus, the aim was to assess the use of genomic information in the genetic evaluation for milk traits in a tropical Holstein population. Monthly records (n = 36,457) of milk FA percentage, daily milk yield and quality traits from 4,203 cows as well as the genotypes of 755 of these cows for 57,368 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were used. Polygenic and genomic-polygenic models were applied for EBV prediction, and both models were compared through the EBV accuracy calculated from the prediction error and Spearman's correlation among EBV rankings. Prediction accuracy was assessed by using cross-validation. In this case, the accuracy was the correlation between the genomic breeding values (GEBV) obtained as the sum of SNP effects and the EBV obtained in the polygenic model in each validation group. For all traits, the use of the genomic-polygenic model did not alter the animals' ranking, with correlations higher than 0.87. Nevertheless, through this model, the accuracy increased from 1.5% to 6.8% compared to the polygenic model. The correlations between GEBV and EBV varied from 0.52 to 0.68. Therefore, the use of a small group of genotyped cows in the genetic evaluation can increase the accuracy of EBV for milk FA and other traditional milk traits.

Degradación de la Fuerza de los Elásticos Intermaxilares de Látex y no Látex / Force Degradation of Latex and Non Latex Intermaxillary Elastics

RESUMEN: El propósito del presente estudio fue comparar la degradación de la fuerza entre los elásticos de látex y no látex de 3/16" y 6 oz. La muestra consistió en 30 elásticos por grupo e intervalo de tiempo haciendo un total de 180 elásticos de látex y 180 de no látex. Se midió la fuerza inicial de 30 elásticos de látex y 30 de no látex. Los demás fueron sometidos a tracción estática bajo condiciones orales de humedad y temperatura por 1, 3, 6, 12 y 24 horas antes de la medición de la fuerza con un dinamómetro (Correx 250 g, Alemania). Se emplearon las pruebas de Friedman, Wilcoxon y la U de Mann-Whitney para determinar si existían diferencias significativas. Se encontró que los elásticos de látex presentaron una degradación media de la fuerza de 13,8 %, 17,4 %, 18,2 %, 21 % y 23,4 % a las 1, 3, 6, 12 y 24 horas, respectivamente. Los elásticos de no látex presentaron una degradación media de la fuerza de 32,5 %, 39,6 %, 44,4 %, 51,1 % y 56% a las 1, 3, 6, 12 y 24 horas, respectivamente. Cuando se compararon los valores hallados entre los dos tipos de elásticos en todos los momentos evaluados se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,001). Conclusión: La degradación de la fuerza para los elásticos de látex fue menor al de los elásticos de no látex en todos los intervalos de tiempo.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to compare the force degradation between latex and non latex elastic 3/16" 6oz. The sample consisted of 30 elastics per group and time interval, 180 latex and 180 non latex elastics were used. The initial force was measured in 30 latex elastics and 30 non latex elastics. Others elastics were subjected to static traction in conditions of humidity and temperature for 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. The force was measured with a dynamometer (Correx 250 g, Germany). Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test was employed to determine significant differences. The latex elastics showed a mean force degradation of 13.8 % during the first hour, 17.4 % at 3 hours, 18.2 % at 6 hours, 21 % at 12 hours and 23. 4 % at 24 hours. The non elastics latex showed a mean force degradation of 32.5 % during the first hour, 39.6 % at 3 hours, 44.4 % at 6 hours, 51.1 % at 12 hours and 56% at 24 hours. It was concluded that the latex elastics force degradation was less than the non-elastics latex in all times.

Mediciones de índice Mayoral y diámetro transversal de maxilares, comparación en estudiantes de Secundaria Básica / Measurements of Mayoral index and transversal diameter of jaws, comparison in students of Basic Secondary

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal en el período noviembre 2013 mayo 2016, para comparar las mediciones de Mayoral con el diámetro transversal de los maxilares en los estudiantes de 12-14 años de la ESBU Pedro Pablo Pérez Guantánamo. El universo estuvo conformado por 60 estudiantes de 12 a 14 años de la entidad educativa. Las variables estudiadas fueron edad, sexo, medidas transversales de los maxilares, medidas transversales de Mayoral y su significación diagnóstica. Se efectuaron mediciones de las distancias transversales entre los primeros y segundos premolares y primeros molares superiores permanentes y se compararon los parámetros obtenidos con las referencias establecidas por mayoral. La investigación reveló mayor cantidad de pacientes femeninos que masculinos, donde se encontraron variaciones entre sexos en los análisis dentales, predominando con mayores diámetros el sexo masculino. Se evidenció una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las medidas transversales de la población estudiada y las medidas establecidas por mayoral(AU)

A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the period November 2013 to 2016, to compare the measurements of Mayoral with the transversal diameter of the jaws in the students of 12-14 years of the ESBU Pedro Pablo Pérez Guantanamo. The universe was made up of 60 students from 12 to 14 years of the educational entity. The variables were studied: age, sex, transversal measurements of the jaws, transversal measures of Mayoral and their diagnostic significance. Measurements of the transverse distances between the first and second premolars and first permanent maxillary molars were made and the parameters obtained with the references established by mayoral were compared. The investigation revealed a greater number of female than male patients, variations between sexes were found in dental exams, predominating big diameters in male sex. There was a statistically significant difference between the transversal measures of the studied population and the measures established by mayoral

Genetic parameters for growth characteristics of free-range chickens under univariate random regression models.

Repeated measures from the same individual have been analyzed by using repeatability and finite dimension models under univariate or multivariate analyses. However, in the last decade, the use of random regression models for genetic studies with longitudinal data have become more common. Thus, the aim of this research was to estimate genetic parameters for body weight of four experimental chicken lines by using univariate random regression models. Body weight data from hatching to 84 days of age (n = 34,730) from four experimental free-range chicken lines (7P, Caipirão da ESALQ, Caipirinha da ESALQ and Carijó Barbado) were used. The analysis model included the fixed effects of contemporary group (gender and rearing system), fixed regression coefficients for age at measurement, and random regression coefficients for permanent environmental effects and additive genetic effects. Heterogeneous variances for residual effects were considered, and one residual variance was assigned for each of six subclasses of age at measurement. Random regression curves were modeled by using Legendre polynomials of the second and third orders, with the best model chosen based on the Akaike Information Criterion, Bayesian Information Criterion, and restricted maximum likelihood. Multivariate analyses under the same animal mixed model were also performed for the validation of the random regression models. The Legendre polynomials of second order were better for describing the growth curves of the lines studied. Moderate to high heritabilities (h(2) = 0.15 to 0.98) were estimated for body weight between one and 84 days of age, suggesting that selection for body weight at all ages can be used as a selection criteria. Genetic correlations among body weight records obtained through multivariate analyses ranged from 0.18 to 0.96, 0.12 to 0.89, 0.06 to 0.96, and 0.28 to 0.96 in 7P, Caipirão da ESALQ, Caipirinha da ESALQ, and Carijó Barbado chicken lines, respectively. Results indicate that genetic gain for body weight can be achieved by selection. Also, selection for body weight at 42 days of age can be maintained as a selection criterion.

Spontaneous Iliopsoas Tendon Tear: A Rare Cause of Hip Pain in the Elderly.

Hip pain is one of the most common reasons for the elderly to present to the emergency department, and the differential diagnosis spectrum is vast. Iliopsoas injury is a relatively uncommon condition that may present with hip or groin pain. It is usually seen in athletes due to trauma, particularly flexion injuries. However, spontaneous iliopsoas tendon tear is extremely rare, and only a small number of cases have been reported; it has an estimated prevalence of 0.66% in individuals from 7 to 95 years. Risk factors include aging, use of steroids, and chronic diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using its high soft-tissue contrast resolution remains the most valuable imaging modality. A prompt diagnosis and treatment, which is usually conservative, is important to improve the quality of life in this group of patients. We describe a case of spontaneous iliopsoas tendon tear in an elderly woman.

Evaluation of a New Immunochromatographic Test Using Recombinant Antigen B8/1 for Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis.

Diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) is based on the identification of the cyst(s) by imaging, using immunodiagnostic tests mainly as complementary tools in clinical settings. Among the antigens used for immunodiagnosis, previous studies described a good performance of the recombinant antigen B8/1 (rAgB) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format; however, in remote parts of areas where the disease is endemic, the implementation of an ELISA is difficult, so a more simple, rapid, and reliable method such as the immunochromatographic test (ICT) is required. In this study, using a set of 50 serum samples from patients with surgically confirmed CE, we compared the performance of an ICT and that of an ELISA using the rAgB. The overall sensitivities of ICT and ELISA were not statistically different (78% versus 72%; P = 0.36). The overall agreement between both tests was moderate (κ = 0.41; P < 0.01). Concordance between ICT and ELISA was substantial or almost perfect for patients with liver involvement (κ = 0.65; P < 0.001) and patients with more than one hydatid cyst (κ = 0.82; P < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, specificity analysis using a total of 88 serum samples from healthy individuals (n = 20) and patients (n = 68) with other parasitic infections revealed that ICT had a specificity of 89.8%. ICT and ELISA had similar performance for the detection of specific antibodies to E. granulosus, and ICT had a high specificity, opening the possibility of using ICT as a screening tool in rural settings.

Una mirada clínica al diagnóstico de preeclampsia / Looking to clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia

La preeclampsia es un síndrome gestacional que causa importantes porcentajes de muerte alrededor del mundo, durante mucho tiempo se desconocía la verdadera causa de la patología, sin embargo ahora se sabe que se trata de una disfunción endotelial, conocimiento que podrá ser de vital importancia para nuevos métodos diagnósticos y esquemas terapéuticos. Pese a los avances, aún hay cierta discordancia entre los profesionales sobre los criterios diagnósticos del síndrome, algunos todavía clasifican la preeclampsia en leve, grave y surge una nueva designación preeclampsia atípica. Sin embargo, el tratamiento definitivo siempre está dirigido a la finalización del embarazo y las medidas directas sobre la madre para mejorar el cuadro, evitar la evolución a eclampsia, Síndrome de HELLP y finalmente la muerte.

Preeclampsia is a gestational syndrome cause in significant percentages of death around the world, for a long time the true cause of the disease is unknown, however it is now known that this is an endothelial dysfunction, knowledge may be vital to new diagnostic methods and therapeutic regimens. Despite progress, there is still some disagreement among professionals about the diagnostic criteria of the syndrome, some still classified as mild preeclampsia, severe and a new designation atypical preeclampsia. However the definitive treatment is always aimed at the end of pregnancy and the direct action on the mother to enhance the box, to avoid evolution eclampsia, HELLP syndrome and eventually death.

Concordance analysis between estimation methods of milk fatty acid content.

Considering the milk fatty acid influence on human health, the aim of this study was to compare gas chromatography (GC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the determination of these compounds. Fatty acid content (g/100g of fat) were obtained by both methods and compared through Pearson's correlation, linear Bayesian regression, and the Bland-Altman method. Despite the high correlations between the measurements (r=0.60-0.92), the regression coefficient values indicated higher measures for palmitic acid, oleic acid, unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and lower values for stearic acid, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids estimated by GC in comparison to FTIR results. This inequality was confirmed in the Bland-Altman test, with an average bias varying from -8.65 to 6.91g/100g of fat. However, the inclusion of 94% of the samples into the concordance limits suggested that the variability of the differences between the methods was constant throughout the range of measurement. Therefore, despite the inequality between the estimates, the methods displayed the same pattern of milk fat composition, allowing similar conclusions about the milk samples under evaluation.