Evaluation of the criteria for renewal of LHRH agonists in patients with prostate cancer: results of the ANAREN Study.

Introduction: Injectable extended-release formulations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists (LHRHa) have simplified the treatment of prostate cancer with a satisfactory level of androgen castration. This study aims to determine the percentage of patients whose initial LHRHa prescription was renewed during follow-up, how many changed formulation and how their quality of life evolved. Methods: This is an observational, prospective, multicentre study of men with prostate cancer who were to receive treatment with LHRHa (triptorelin every 3 or 6 months, leuprorelin every 3 or 6 months, or goserelin every 3 months) for 24 months. The treatment used was recorded and quality of life was assessed (QLQ-PR25 questionnaire) at four follow-up visits. Results: A total of 497 men (median age 75 years) were evaluated. The median exposure to LHRHa was 24 months. The initial prescription was renewed in 95.7% at follow-up 1 and 75% at follow-up 4. The main reason for changing from a 6-month to a 3-month formulation was a preference for sequential treatment (according to the investigator) and to see the physician more frequently (according to the patient). The main reason for switching from the 3-month to 6-month formulation was simplification of treatment (according to the investigator) and for convenience (according to the patient). Findings in the QLQ-PR25 questionnaire revealed no changes in urinary or bowel symptoms, though an improvement in sexual activity was reported. Practically all investigators and patients were satisfied/very satisfied with the treatment. Conclusion: Changes in formulation were scarce and generally justified by convenience factors or personal preferences. Patients maintained a good health status, with a high rate of retention of LHRHa treatment. Clinical Trial Registration: Study number: A-ES-52014-224.A plain language summary is provided as supplementary material (available at: https://www.drugsincontext.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/dic.2024-2-2-Suppl.pdf).

Impact of New Systemic Therapies in Overall Survival in Non-Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

There was a high medical need for patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) when several next-generation anti-androgens (apalutamide, enzalutamide, and darolutamide) demonstrated clinically relevant delays in metastasis onset. However, to date, few publications have assessed the pooled effect of these treatments on overall survival (OS). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomized, placebo-controlled studies investigating a systemic treatment in nmCRPC. Publications were identified by searching several databases on April 7, 2021. The primary objective of this analysis was to determine the OS benefit. Secondary outcomes included the relative risk (RR) of adverse events (AEs) and grade 3-4 AEs. A sensitivity analysis with simulated data was also conducted to examine the influence of the study designs on the results. Three randomized controlled studies (SPARTAN, PROSPER, ARAMIS) met our inclusion criteria. Pooled meta-analyses showed a significant benefit in OS with the active agents versus placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-0.83), as well as increased risk of any grade (RR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.17) and grade 3-4 AEs (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.23-1.83). The sensitivity analysis with SPARTAN-like simulated populations demonstrated that when using ARAMIS statistical design, OS would be statistically significant in 98.1% of the cases, at a shorter follow-up and with lower number of events. First-line treatment of nmCRPC patients with anti-androgens increased OS with an acceptable safety profile. In light of the different study designs and follow-up, results should be interpreted separately.

Leiomiosarcoma pleomórfico adrenal, un tumor suprarrenal maligno infrecuente / Adrenal pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma, an uncommon malignant suprarrenal tumour

No disponible

Prostatitis y retención aguda de orina como comienzo de granulomatosis de Wegener / Prostatitis and acute urinary retention as first manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis

Objetivos. Presentar un caso de prostatitis con retención aguda de orina como manifestación inicial poco frecuente de granulomatosis de Wegener. Métodos. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 48 años con un cuadro de prostatitis de 10 días de evolución, que presentó retención de orina, con respuesta parcial al tratamiento antibiótico, y con niveles elevados de anticuerpos citoplasmáticos contra los neutrófilos con patrón citoplasmático y estudio anátomo-patológico de la biopsia prostática compatible con granulomatosis de Wegener. Resultados. Tras el inicio de tratamiento mediante glucocorticoides y ciclofosfamida se observa mejoría notable de los síntomas hasta su desaparición. A los 3 meses inicia clínica pulmonar y de vías aéreas superiores, precisando para el control de sus síntomas dosis mayores de ciclofosfamida. Conclusiones. La granulomatosis de Wegener es una entidad multisistémica cuya forma de presentación como prostatitis con retención de orina es poco frecuente (AU)

Objectives. We present a case of prostatitis with acute urinary retention as a rare initial manifestation of Wegener's granulomatosis. Methods. The case was a 48-year-old male with symptoms of prostatitis over 10 days. The patient presented urinary retention, with partial response to antibiotic treatment. High levels of cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and a prostatic biopsy were compatible with Wegener's granulomatosis. Results. After starting treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide, a significant improvement to the point of disappearance of symptoms was observed. At 3 months pulmonary and upper airway symptoms began, requiring higher doses of cyclophosphamide to control symptoms. Conclusions. Wegener's granulomatosis is a multisystem entity whose presentation as prostatitis with urinary retention is rare (AU)

Prostatitis and acute urinary retention as first manifestations of Wegnener's granulomatosis.

OBJECTIVES: We present a case of prostatitis with acute urinary retention as a rare initial manifestation of Wegener' Granulomatosis. METHODS: The case was a 48-year-old male with symptoms of prostatitis over ten days. The patient presented urinary retention, with partial response to antibiotic treatment. High levels of cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and a prostatic biopsy were compatible with Wegener' Granulomatosis. RESULTS: After starting treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide, a significant improvement to the point of disappearance of symptoms was observed. At 3 months pulmonary and upper airway symptoms began, requiring higher doses of cyclophosphamide to control symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Wegener's Granulomatosis is a multisystem entity whose presentation as prostatitis with urinary retention is rare.

Metástasis testicular de un adenocarcinoma de colon: reporte de un caso / Testicular matastases in colon adenocarcinoma: a case report

Reportamos el caso de un paciente con metástasis hepáticas, secundarias a adenocarcinoma de colon, quien presentaba una masa paratesticular dolorosa, cuya aparición coincidió con una progresión de la neoplasia de base. La resección quirúrgica de la masa identificó células neoplásicas provenientes del adenocarcinoma de colon.

We report the case of a patient with hepatic metastases secondary to colon adenocarcinoma. Who presented a par testicular and pain mass, which apparitions coincide with a progression of his basic neoplasic. The surgical resection of the mass identifies neoplásica cells with colon adenocarcinoma origin.

Influencia de la demora quirúrgica en los hallazgos patológicos y el pronóstico de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata / Impact of surgical delay on pathological findings and prognosis of patients with prostate cancer

Objetivo: Determinar si la demora entre la biopsia de próstata y la prostatectomía radical (PR) influye en los hallazgos patológicos y en el pronóstico de los pacientes con cáncer depróstata. Material y métodos: Pacientes (n = 232) sometidos a PR, con al menos dos determinaciones postoperatorias de PSA. Diseño: estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectivo. Período: 2000-2007. Análisis estadístico: se analizó la demora como variable continua, o bien categorizándola en función de la mediana (6 meses). Análisis de regresión logística multivariable para definir variables en relación con enfermedad extracapsular. Estudio de supervivencia libre de recidiva bioquímica (SLRB) con metodología Kaplan-Meier y análisis multivariable de regresión de Cox. Resultados: Las diferencias entre los grupos de demora menor o mayor de 6 meses sólo fueron significativas respecto a la edad (p = 0,041); se consideró que ambos grupos eran comparables. El seguimiento medio no fue significativamente diferente entre ambos grupos (p = 0,112). La probabilidad de enfermedad extracapsular se modificó significativamente según PSA, índice de Gleason de la biopsia y el porcentaje de cilindros positivos, sin relación con la demora en el análisis multivariable. Se detectó recidiva bioquímica en39 (16,81%) casos. La SLRB en el grupo de demora ≤ 6 meses fue del 86,1, el 78,4, el 78,4 y el78,4%, al cabo de 1, 2, 5 y 7 años, mientras que en el grupo con demora > 6 meses, la SLRB fue del 88,9, el 82,8, el 77,4 y el 77,4%, al cabo de 1, 2, 5 y 7 años (p = 0,632). En el análisis multivariable la demora no se asoció a SLRB, sólo el porcentaje de cilindros positivos predecía de forma independiente la SLRB. En pacientes con cáncer de próstata de alto grado, el porcentaje de cilindros positivos fue la única variable independiente en la predicción de enfermedad extracapsular y SLRB. La demora no se asoció con enfermedad extracapsular ni con SLRB en este grupo de pacientes. Conclusiones: La demora quirúrgica razonable no produce un impacto negativo significativo en los hallazgos patológicos de la pieza de PR ni en la SLRB de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata localizado (AU)

Purpose: To determine if a delay between prostate biopsy (PB) and radical prostatectomy (RP) has an impact on pathological findings and prognosis of prostate cancer patients (PCa). Material and methods: Patients (n = 232) who underwent RP, with at least two postoperative PSA readings. Design: retrospective observational cohort study. Period: May 2000 – March 2007. Delay was defined as time in months between PB and RP. Statistical analysis: delay was analysed as a continuous variable or else categorised according to the median (6 months). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to define variables associated with extracapsular disease. Biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) was studied using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: Differences between delay groups ≤ and > 6 months were significant only with regards to age (p = 0.041), considering both groups as comparable. Differences between groups related to pathological variables were not observed in any case. Mean followup was not significantly different between both groups (p = 0.112). The probability of extracapsular disease varied significantly depending on PSA, biopsy Gleason score and the percentage of positive cores, while multivariate analysis found no relationship with delay. Biochemical relapse was detected in 39 cases (16.81%). BRFS in delay ≤ 6 months group was 86.1%, 78.4%, 78.4% and 78.4% at 1, 2, 5 and 7 years, while BRFS in delay > 6 months group was 88.9%, 82.8%, 77.4%, 77.4% and 77.4% at 1, 2, 5 and 7 years (p = 0.632). Delay was not associated with BRFS in multivariate analysis; only the percentage of positive cores independently predicted BRFS. In patients with high-grade PCa, percentage of positive cores was the only independent variable to predict extracapsular disease and BRFS. Delay was not associated with extracapsular disease or BRFS. Conclusions: Reasonable surgical delay does not cause a significant negative impact onpathological findings of RP specimens, nor in the BRFS of patients with localized PCa (AU)

[Predictive factors of metachronous bladder neoplasm after nephroureterectomy]. / Factores predictivos de neoplasia vesical metacrónica tras nefroureterectomía.

PURPOSE: To determine prognostic factors of bladder recurrence in patients with upper urinary tract (UUT) urothelial carcinoma, who underwent nephroureterectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients (N = 51) with UUT transitional cell carcinoma who underwent nephroureterectomy. A retrospective and prospective observational cohort study was made during the period 1995-2007, at Arquitecto Marcide Hospital, Ferrol Health Area, La Coruña. Differences between groups with and without recurrence were analized by means of chi-squared test in qualitative variables and t-Student and U Mann-Whitney test in quantitative variables. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used in order to predict bladder recurrence free survival (BRFS), developing a multivariate Cox regression model to identify variables related to bladder recurrence. RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 68.51 +/- 12.11 (24-86). Histological grade distribution was as follows: 7 G1 (13.72%), 20 G2 (39.21%), 23 G3 (45.10%) and 1 undetermined case (1.97%). With regard to pT category, 19 cases were pT1 (37.25%), 12 pT2 (23.53%), 19 pT3 (37.25%) y 1 case undetermined (1.97%). Bladder recurrence was detected in 16 patients during follow-up (31.37%). 70.59% of recurrences were identified during first two years of follow-up. Differences related to follow-up period, presence of obstructive uropathy, microscopic growth pattern and tumour multifocality, were observed between patients without and with bladder recurrence. BRFS rates at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years were 85.10%, 67.90%, 56.60% y 31.80%, respectively. BRFS was significantly modified by tumour location (p = 0.019) and tumour multifocality (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that tumour multifocality was an independent factor in the prediction of bladder recurrence (RR = 7.35; 95% CI = 1.57-34.45; p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The development of bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy was observed in 31.37% of patients in our study, detecting most of events during the first two years of follow-up. Tumour multifocality in UUT constitutes the most important risk factor for the development of bladder recurrence.

[Chylous ascites following radical nephrectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy]. / Ascitis quilosa tras nefrectomía radical y linfadenectomía retroperitoneal.

Chylous ascites consists of the accumulation of chyle in the abdominal cavity. Postoperative presentation develops as a consequence of unrecognized injury of cisterna chyli or one of its major lumbar tributaries. It usually present as abdominal distention and pain or drainage of milky fluid from surgical wound or abdominal drain. Diagnosis is established by cytochemical analysis of fluid and staining with Sudan III, that shows fat globules, leukocytes with lymphocytic predominance and a high triglyceride content. We present a case of postoperative chylous ascites following radical nephrectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for renal cancer, which successfully respond to conservative measures: total parenteral nutrition and octreotide.

Factores predictivos de neoplasia vesical metacrónica trasnefroureterectomía / Predictive factors of metachronous bladder neoplasm after nephroureterectomy

Objetivo: Determinar factores pronósticos de recidiva vesical en pacientes con carcinoma urotelial del tracto urinario superior (TUS), tratados mediante nefroureterectomía. Material y métodos: Pacientes (N=51) con carcinoma de células transicionales del TUS tratados mediante nefroureterectomía. Se realizó un estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectivo y prospectivo durante el periodo 1995-2007, en el Hospital Arquitecto Marcide, Área Sanitaria de Ferrol, La Coruña. Se analizaron las diferencias entre grupos con y sin recidiva vesical mediante testchi-cuadrado en variables cualitativas y test t-Student y U Mann-Whitney en variables cuantitativas. Se estudió la supervivencia libre de recidiva vesical (SLRV) mediante la metodología de Kaplan-Meier, desarrollando un modelo multivariado de regresión de Cox para identificar variables asociadas a recidiva vesical. Resultados: La media de edad fue 68,51±12,11 años (24-86). La distribución por grado histológico fue la siguiente: 7 G1(13,72%), 20 G2 (39,21%), 23 G3 (45,10%) y 1 caso indeterminado (1,97%). En cuanto a la categoría pT, 19 casos eran pT1 (37,25%), 12 pT2 (23,53%), 19 pT3 (37,25%) y 1 caso indeterminado (1,97%). Durante el seguimiento se detectó recidiva vesical en16 pacientes (31,37%). El 70,59% de las recidivas se identificaron durante los dos primeros años de seguimiento. Entre los pacientes sin y con recidiva vesical se detectaron diferencias relacionadas con tiempo de seguimiento, existencia de uropatía obstructiva, morfología microscópica y multifocalidad tumoral. La SLRV al cabo de 1, 2, 5 y 10 años fue del 85,10%, 67,90%, 56,60% y 31,80%,respectivamente. La SLRV se modificó significativamente en función de la localización (p=0,019) y la multifocalidad (p=0,002) tumorales. En el análisis multivariado se observó que la multifocalidad tumoral predecía de forma independiente la recidiva vesical (RR=7,35;95%IC=1,57 34,45;p=0,011). Conclusiones: El desarrollo de recidiva vesical tras nefroureterectomía se observa en el 31,37% del los pacientes de nuestro estudio, detectándose la mayoría de los episodios durante los dos primeros años de seguimiento. La multifocalidad tumoral en el TUS es el factor de riesgo más importante para el desarrollo de recidiva vesical (AU)

Purpose: To determine prognostic factors of bladder recurrence in patients with upper urinary tract (UUT) urothelial carcinoma, who underwent nephroureterectomy. Material and methods: Patients (N=51) with UUT transitional cell carcinoma who underwent nephroureterectomy. A Retrospective and prospective observational cohort study was made during the period 1995-2007, at Arquitecto Marcide Hospital, Ferrol Health Area, La Coruña. Differences between groups with and without recurrence were analized by means of chi-squared test in qualitative variables and t-Student and U Mann-Whitney test in quantitative variables. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used in order to predict bladder recurrence free survival (BRFS), developing a multivariate Cox regression model to identify variables related to bladder recurrence. Results: Mean age of patients was 68.51±12.11 (24-86). Histological grade distribution was as follows: 7 G1 (13.72%), 20 G2 (39.21%), 23 G3 (45.10%) and 1 undetermined case (1.97%). With regard to pT category, 19 cases were pT1 (37.25%), 12 pT2(23.53%), 19 pT3 (37.25%) y 1 case undetermined (1.97%). Bladder recurrence was detected in 16 patients during follow-up (31.37%). 70.59% of recurrences were identified during first two years of follow-up. Differences related to follow-up period, presence of obstructive uropathy, microscopic growth pattern and tumour multifocality, were observed between patients without and with bladder recurrence. BRFS rates at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years were 85.10%, 67.90%, 56.60% y 31.80%, respectively. BRFS was significantly modified by tumour location (p=0.019) and tumour multifocality (p=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that tumour multifocality was an independent factor in the prediction of bladder recurrence (RR=7.35;95%CI=1.57-34.45;p=0.011). Conclusions: The development of bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy was observed in 31.37% of patients in our study, detecting most of events during the first two years of follow-up. Tumour multifocality in UUT constitutes the most important risk factor for the development of bladder recurrence (AU)

Ascitis quilosa tras nefrectomía radical y linfadenectomíaretroperitoneal / Chylous ascites following radical nephrectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy

La ascitis quilosa consiste en el acúmulo de quilo en la cavidad abdominal. Su presentación postquirúrgica ocurre a consecuencia de una lesión inadvertida de la cisterna del quilo o una de sus principales aferentes lumbares. Se presenta habitualmente como un cuadro de distensión y dolor abdominales, o bien como salida de líquido lechoso a través de la herida quirúrgica o del drenaje abdominal. El diagnóstico se establece mediante análisis citoquímico del líquido y tinción con Sudán III, que muestra gotas de grasa (quilomicrones), leucocitos con predominio de linfocitos y una elevada concentración de triglicéridos. Presentamos un caso de ascitis quilosa postquirúrgica, tras nefrectomía radical y linfadenectomía retroperitoneal por cáncer de riñón, que se resolvió satisfactoriamente con medidas conservadoras: nutrición parenteral total y octreótide (AU)

Chylous ascites consists of the accumulation of chyle in the abdominal cavity. Postoperative presentation develops as a consecuence of unrecognized injury of cisterna chyli or one of its major lumbar tributaries. It usually present as abdominal distention and pain or drainage of milky fluid from surgical wound or abdominal drain. Diagnosis is established by cytochemical analysis of fluid and staining with Sudan III, that shows fat globules, leukocytes with lymphocytic predominance and a high triglyceride content. We present a case of postoperative chylous ascites following radical nephrectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for renal cancer, which successfully respond to conservative measures: total parenteral nutrition and octreotide (AU)

Impact of surgical delay on pathological findings and prognosis of patients with prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: To determine if a delay between prostate biopsy (PB) and radical prostatectomy (RP) has an impact on pathological findings and prognosis of prostate cancer patients (PCa). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients (n = 232) who underwent RP, with at least two postoperative PSA readings. DESIGN: retrospective observational cohort study. PERIOD: May 2000-March 2007. Delay was defined as time in months between PB and RP. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: delay was analysed as a continuous variable or else categorised according to the median (6 months). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to define variables associated with extracapsular disease. Biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) was studied using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: Differences between delay groups < or = and > 6 months were significant only with regards to age (p = 0.041), considering both groups as comparable. Differences between groups related to pathological variables were not observed in any case. Mean followup was not significantly different between both groups (p = 0.112). The probability of extracapsular disease varied significantly depending on PSA, biopsy Gleason score and the percentage of positive cores, while multivariate analysis found no relationship with delay. Biochemical relapse was detected in 39 cases (16.81%). BRFS in delay < or = 6 months group was 86.1%, 78.4%, 78.4% and 78.4% at 1, 2, 5 and 7 years, while BRFS in delay > 6 months group was 88.9%, 82.8%, 77.4%, 77.4% and 77.4% at 1, 2, 5 and 7 years (p = 0.632). Delay was not associated with BRFS in multivariate analysis; only the percentage of positive cores independently predicted BRFS. In patients with high-grade PCa, percentage of positive cores was the only independent variable to predict extracapsular disease and BRFS. Delay was not associated with extracapsular disease or BRFS. CONCLUSIONS: Reasonable surgical delay does not cause a significant negative impact on pathological findings of RP specimens, nor in the BRFS of patients with localized PCa.

[Renal infarction in the evaluation of lumbar pain]. / El infarto renal en la valoración de dolores lumbares.

OBJECTIVE: We report the case of a young patient without known cardiovascular risk factors, complaining of lumbar colic pain due to renal infarction. METHODS: Differential diagnosis of lumbar colic pain must include some rare events. We performed a review of the current knowledge on the topic. RESULTS/CONCLUSION: The increasing difficulty in the diagnosis of these pathology lies on its clinical suspect, which can be clear when having cardiovascular risk factors. Its diagnosis, on a rare scenario, needs leucocytosis and LDH rising as suspicious indicators. Computed tomography, MRI, radionuclids and arteriography may confirm diagnosis. Treatment is based on thrombolytic therapy, anticoagulants and ontiagregants.

El infarto renal en la valoración de dolores lumbares / Renal infarction in the evaluation of lumbar pain

Objetivo: Presentamos un caso clínico de dolor cólico hacia fosa lumbar ocasionado por infarto renal en un paciente joven sin antecedentes de riesgo tromboembólicos conocidos. Métodos: Existen procesos poco habituales que se deben incluir en el diagnóstico diferencial del dolor cólico lumbar. Realizamos una revisión en el conocimiento actual. Resultado/Conclusiones: La mayor dificultad para el diagnóstico de esta patología radica en su sospecha clínica, que es clara si existen factores de riesgo cardiovascular. La aparición en un escenario no habitual, hace necesario recurrir a indicadores complementarios como la leucocitosis y la elevación de la LDH. Su confirmación se realiza mediante tomografía computada, RMN, gammagrafía o arteriografía. Su tratamiento necesita medidas trombolíticas, anticoagulantes y/o antiagregantes (AU)

Objective: We report the case of a young patient without known cardiovascular risk factors, complaining of lumbar colic pain due to renal infarction. Methods: Differential diagnosis of lumbar colic pain must include some rare events. We performed a review of the current knowledge on the topic. Results/Conclusion: The increasing difficulty in the diagnosis of these pathology lies on its clinical suspect, which can be clear when having cardiovascular risk factors. Its diagnosis, on a rare scenario, needs leucocytosis and LDH rising as suspicious indicators. Computed tomography, MRI, radionuclids and arteriography may confirm diagnosis. Treatment is based on thrombolytic therapy, anticoagulants and antiagregants (AU)

p53 and ki67 expression as prognostic factors for cancer-related survival in stage T1 transitional cell bladder carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To determine prognostic factors for survival in bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), and the prognostic value of p53 and ki67. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was made of patients with stage T1 primary bladder TCC (n = 175). The immunohistochemical study was carried out using DO7 and MIB-1 monoclonal antibodies, for p53 and ki67, respectively. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used for the survival analysis, and the log-rank test was applied in order to determine accumulated probability rates of survival. Moreover, Cox's multivariate regression analysis was also used to establish the variables associated with survival. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were also drawn, with the aim of determining the prognostic capacity of p53 and ki67. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 7.3 years. Cancer-related survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 89.51 and 80.68%, respectively. The increase in p53 and ki67 expressions paralleled the histological grade, both markers showing significant inter-group differences (P = 0.0000). The variables which modified cancer-related survival significantly in the univariate analysis were the following: tumour multifocality, solid microscopic morphology, large cell nucleus and a high expression of p53 and ki67. Independent cancer-related survival variables were: age, tumour size of >3 cm, a solid microscopic growth pattern and expression of p53. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of p53, increase in age, tumour size of >3 cm and microscopic growth pattern are independent predictors for cancer-related survival. A positive correlation was observed, indicating that, the higher the expression of p53, the greater the probability of death.

Multivariate analysis of survival, recurrence, progression and development of mestastasis in T1 and T2a transitional cell bladder carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Determination of prognosis factors associated with survival, recurrence, progression, and development of metastasis in T1 and T2a transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is discussed. METHODS: A study was conducted of a group of 210 patients with primary bladder TCC at classification T1 (n = 175) and T2aN0M0 (n = 35). A total of 177 variables were studied in each patient. The monoclonal antibodies used were the following: DO7 (p53) and MIB-1 (Ki-67). Prognosis was obtained using Kaplan-Meier methodology and Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 6.7 years. Cancer-related survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 82.96% and 74.78%, respectively. The independent survival variables were the following: age and expression of p53. Recurrence free survival at 5 and 10 years stood at 51.80% and 42.71%, respectively. The independent recurrence variables were T2a classification, tumor multifocality, tumor size of greater than 3 cm, carcinoma in situ in random biopsy, and expression of Ki-67. Progression free survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 75.31% and 69.16%, respectively. The independent progression variables were age, T2a classification, and expression of p53. Metastasis free survival rates at 5 and 10 years stood at 87.23% and 84.55%, respectively. The expression of p53 was the sole variable to provide an independent prediction of metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of p53 clearly has an independent effect on the prediction of survival, progression and development of metastasis, showing a dose-response effect. Tumor multifocality and T2a classification are the variables that best predict recurrence.