Resecciones pulmonares anatómicas por vía robótica: análisis de la curva de aprendizaje / Robotic anatomical lung resections: Analysis of the learning curve

Introducción: La cirugía robótica se ha convertido en una vía de abordaje segura y efectiva para el tratamiento de la patología quirúrgica pulmonar. Sin embargo, la adopción de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas requiere de la evaluación de la curva de aprendizaje. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la curva de aprendizaje de las resecciones pulmonares anatómicas por vía robótica. Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de todas las resecciones pulmonares anatómicas por vía robótica realizadas por un mismo cirujano entre junio de 2018 y marzo de 2020. La curva de aprendizaje se evaluó utilizando gráficas CUSUM para estimar los cambios en la tendencia del tiempo y los fallos quirúrgicos y la aparición de complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias postoperatorias a lo largo de la secuencia de casos. Resultados: El estudio incluyó un total de 73 casos. La mediana de duración de todas las intervenciones fue de 120min (rango intercuartílico: 90-150min), la prevalencia de fallo quirúrgico fue del 23,29%, mientras que 4/73 pacientes presentaron alguna complicación cardiorrespiratoria postoperatoria. Con base en el análisis CUSUM, la curva de aprendizaje fue dividida en 3 fases diferentes: fase i (desde la primera hasta la 14.a intervención), fase ii (entre la 15.a y la 30.a intervención) y fase iii (a partir de la 31.a intervención). Conclusiones: La curva de aprendizaje para las resecciones pulmonares anatómicas por vía robótica puede dividirse en 3 fases. La competencia técnica que asegura resultados perioperatorios satisfactorios se consiguió en la fase iii, a partir de la 31.a intervención. (AU)

Introduction: Robotic surgery has become a safe and effective approach for the treatment of pulmonary surgical pathology. However, the adoption of new surgical techniques requires the evaluation of the learning curve. The objective of this study is to analyze the learning curve of robotic anatomical lung resections. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all robotic anatomical lung resections performed by the same surgeon between June 2018 and March 2020. The learning curve was evaluated using CUSUM charts to estimate trend changes in surgical time, surgical failure and the occurrence of post-operative cardiorespiratory complications throughout the sequence of cases. Results: The study included a total of 73 cases. The median duration of all complications was 120min (interquartile range: 90-150min), the prevalence of surgical failure was 23.29%, while 4/73 patients had any postoperative cardiorespiratory complication. Based on the CUSUM analysis, the learning curve was divided into 3 different phases: phase i (from the first to the 14th intervention), phase ii (between the 15th and 30th intervention) and phase iii (from the 31st intervention). Conclusions: The learning curve for robotic anatomical lung resections can be divided into 3 phases. The technical competence that guarantees satisfactory perioperative outcomes was achived in phase iii from the 31st intervention. (AU)

Robotic anatomical lung resections: Analysis of the learning curve.

INTRODUCTION: Robotic surgery has become a safe and effective approach for the treatment of pulmonary surgical pathology. However, the adoption of new surgical techniques requires the evaluation of the learning curve. The objective of this study is to analyze the learning curve of robotic anatomical lung resections. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all robotic anatomical lung resections performed by the same surgeon between June 2018 and March 2020. The learning curve was evaluated using CUSUM charts to estimate trend changes in surgical time, surgical failure and the occurrence of post-operative cardiorespiratory complications throughout the sequence of cases. RESULTS: The study included a total of 73 cases. The median duration of all complications was 120 min (interquartile range: 90-150 min), the prevalence of surgical failure was 23.29%, while 4/73 patients had any postoperative cardiorespiratory complication. Based on the CUSUM analysis, the learning curve was divided into 3 different phases: phase i (from the first to the 14th intervention), phase ii (between the 15th and 30th intervention) and phase iii (from the 31st intervention). CONCLUSIONS: The learning curve for robotic anatomical lung resections can be divided into 3 phases. The technical competence that guarantees satisfactory perioperative outcomes was achived in phase iii from the 31st intervention.

Hematoma espontáneo gigante de pared torácica en paciente anticoagulada por COVID-19 / Giant Spontaneous Hematoma of the Chest Wall in a Patient Receiving Anticoagulation for COVID-19

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El «efecto día de la semana» no tiene impacto en la aparición de complicaciones o mortalidad tras la resección pulmonar: estudio de cohortes histórico / The «Weekday Effect» Does Not Have an Impact on the Development of Complications or Mortality After Pulmonary Resection: Retrospective Cohort Study

Objetivo: Determinar si la cirugía de resección pulmonar anatómica electiva llevada a cabo al final de la semana se asocia con una mayor morbimortalidad postoperatoria que la cirugía realizada al inicio de la semana.Método: Estudio de cohortes histórico en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a resección pulmonar anatómica entre el 1 de enero de 2013 y 1 de noviembre de 2018 en nuestro centro. Se consideraron «expuestos» los pacientes intervenidos al final de la semana (jueves o viernes) y «no expuestos» los intervenidos al inicio de la semana (lunes, martes o miércoles). Se comparó la probabilidad de complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias y muerte operatoria (30días) en las dos cohortes calculada mediante los modelos de riesgo Eurolung1 y2. Como variables de resultado se estudiaron la mortalidad a 30días y la ocurrencia de complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias relacionadas con la técnica postoperatoria. Se calculó la incidencia de estos efectos adversos para la serie global y para ambas cohortes y se determinó el riesgo relativo (RR) y su intervalo de confianza al 95% (IC95%).Resultados: La mortalidad global de la serie fue del 0,9% (10/1.172), la incidencia de complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias fue del 10,2% (120/1.172) y la de complicaciones técnicas, del 20,6% (242/1.172). El RR calculado para las complicaciones cardiorrespiratorias, técnicas y mortalidad en expuestos y no expuestos fue: 0,914 (IC95%: 0,804-1,039), 0,996 (IC95%: 0,895-1,107) y 0,911 (IC95%: 0,606-1,37), respectivamente.Conclusiones: Los pacientes intervenidos al final de la semana no presentan un mayor riesgo de efectos adversos postoperatorios. (AU)

Objective: To determine whether elective anatomic pulmonary resection surgery carried out at the end of the week is associated with a higher mortality and postoperative morbidity than surgery performed at the beginning of the week. Method: Historical cohort study. All patients undergoing anatomical pulmonary resection between January 2013 and November 2018 in our center were included. Patients operated at the end of the week (Thursday or Friday) were considered «not exposed» and patients operated at the beginning of the week (Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday) were considered «exposed». The likelihood of cardiorespiratory complications and operative death (30days) was compared in the two cohorts calculated using the Eurolung1 and2 risk models. 30-day mortality and the occurrence of cardiorespiratory and technical complications were studied as outcome variables. The incidence of these adverse effects was calculated for the overall series and for both cohorts, and the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were determined. Results: The overall mortality of the series was 0.9% (10/1172), the incidence of cardiorespiratory complications was 10.2% (120/1172) and that of technical complications was 20.6% (242/1172). The RR calculated for cardiorespiratory, technical complications and mortality in exposed and unexposed subjects was: 0.914 (95%CI: 0.804-1.039), 0.996 (95%CI: 0.895-1.107) and 0.911 (95%CI: 0.606-1.37), respectively. Conclusions: Patients operated at the end of the week do not present a higher risk of postoperative adverse effects. (AU)

The «Weekday Effect¼ Does Not Have an Impact on the Development of Complications or Mortality After Pulmonary Resection: Retrospective Cohort Study. / El «efecto día de la semana¼ no tiene impacto en la aparición de complicaciones o mortalidad tras la resección pulmonar: estudio de cohortes histórico.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether elective anatomic pulmonary resection surgery carried out at the end of the week is associated with a higher mortality and postoperative morbidity than surgery performed at the beginning of the week. METHOD: Historical cohort study. All patients undergoing anatomical pulmonary resection between January 2013 and November 2018 in our center were included. Patients operated at the end of the week (Thursday or Friday) were considered «not exposed¼ and patients operated at the beginning of the week (Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday) were considered «exposed¼. The likelihood of cardiorespiratory complications and operative death (30days) was compared in the two cohorts calculated using the Eurolung1 and2 risk models. 30-day mortality and the occurrence of cardiorespiratory and technical complications were studied as outcome variables. The incidence of these adverse effects was calculated for the overall series and for both cohorts, and the relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were determined. RESULTS: The overall mortality of the series was 0.9% (10/1172), the incidence of cardiorespiratory complications was 10.2% (120/1172) and that of technical complications was 20.6% (242/1172). The RR calculated for cardiorespiratory, technical complications and mortality in exposed and unexposed subjects was: 0.914 (95%CI: 0.804-1.039), 0.996 (95%CI: 0.895-1.107) and 0.911 (95%CI: 0.606-1.37), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Patients operated at the end of the week do not present a higher risk of postoperative adverse effects.

Quilotórax bilateral y ascitis quilosa como consecuencia de la rotura espontánea de un linfangioma retroperitoneal / Bilateral chylothorax and chylous ascites resulting from the spontaneous rupture of a retroperitoneal lymphangioma

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Fracturas costales, hernia pulmonar y rotura diafragmática tras acceso de tos / Rib Fractures, Pulmonary Hernia and Diaphragmatic Rupture After a Fit of Coughing

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Neumotórax bilateral primario espontáneo simultáneo en paciente joven / Spontaneous Simultaneous Bilateral Primary Pneumothorax in a Young Patient

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Modificación del riesgo de mortalidad y morbilidad tras resección pulmonar en los últimos 20 años / Changes in the Risk of Mortality and Morbidity After Lung Resection in the Last 20 Years

Introducción: El objetivo del estudio es evaluar las modificaciones del riesgo de mortalidad y morbilidad cardiorrespiratoria calculada mediante los modelos de riesgo Eurolung 1 y 2 en los últimos 20 años para identificar variaciones en la selección de los pacientes o en la práctica quirúrgica que hayan conducido a cambios en el riesgo de muerte y complicaciones tras resecciones anatómicas pulmonares. Método: Análisis retrospectivo de una serie de 2435 casos consecutivos sometidos a resección pulmonar anatómica. La población fue dividida en tres períodos de tiempo: 1994-2006 (976 casos), 2007-2015 (945 casos) y 2016-2017 (420 casos). Se aplicaron los modelos Eurolung 1 y 2 a la serie y se calculó la probabilidad individual de efectos adversos. Se comparó dicha probabilidad media, así como la prevalencia o las medias de cada una de las variables que constituyen los modelos en cada período y se representó gráficamente la evolución del riesgo. Resultados: Se observó un descenso progresivo de ambos efectos adversos a lo largo del tiempo. La prevalencia de las variables binarias, excepto enfermedad coronaria, fue mayor en el último período. El porcentaje de neumonectomías y de resecciones ampliadas descendió en los dos últimos períodos y el número de casos abordados por VATS se incrementó considerablemente en 2016-2017. Conclusiones: El descenso del número de neumonectomías y el incremento de la tasa de procedimientos mínimamente invasivos se consideran las variables más relacionadas con la disminución del riesgo. Otros cambios en las características clínicas de los pacientes no parecen haber influido en los resultados

Introduction: The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in the risk of cardiorespiratory mortality and morbidity calculated by Eurolung risk models 1 and 2 in the last 20 years, and to identify variations in patient selection or surgical practice that might have altered the risk of death and complications after anatomical lung resections. Method: This was a retrospective analysis of a series of 2,435 consecutive patients who underwent anatomical lung resection. The population was divided into three time periods: 1994-2006 (976 cases), 2007-2015 (945 cases), and 2016-2017 (420 cases). Eurolung models 1 and 2 were applied to the series, and the individual probability of adverse effects was calculated. We compared this mean probability, and the prevalence or means of each of the variables included in the models in each period and plotted the evolution of the risk. Results: A progressive decrease was observed in both adverse effects over time. The prevalence of the binary variables, except for coronary heart disease, was higher in the last period. The percentage of pneumonectomies and extended resections fell in the last two periods and the number of cases treated with VATS increased substantially in 2016-2017. Conclusions: The decline in the number of pneumonectomies and the increase in the rate of minimally invasive procedures appear to be the variables most closely associated with decreased risk. Other changes in the clinical characteristics of the patients do not seem to have influenced the outcomes

Changes in the Risk of Mortality and Morbidity After Lung Resection in the Last 20 Years. / Modificación del riesgo de mortalidad y morbilidad tras resección pulmonar en los últimos 20 años.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in the risk of cardiorespiratory mortality and morbidity calculated by Eurolung risk models 1 and 2 in the last 20 years, and to identify variations in patient selection or surgical practice that might have altered the risk of death and complications after anatomical lung resections. METHOD: This was a retrospective analysis of a series of 2,435 consecutive patients who underwent anatomical lung resection. The population was divided into three time periods: 1994-2006 (976 cases), 2007-2015 (945 cases), and 2016-2017 (420 cases). Eurolung models 1 and 2 were applied to the series, and the individual probability of adverse effects was calculated. We compared this mean probability, and the prevalence or means of each of the variables included in the models in each period and plotted the evolution of the risk. RESULTS: A progressive decrease was observed in both adverse effects over time. The prevalence of the binary variables, except for coronary heart disease, was higher in the last period. The percentage of pneumonectomies and extended resections fell in the last two periods and the number of cases treated with VATS increased substantially in 2016-2017. CONCLUSIONS: The decline in the number of pneumonectomies and the increase in the rate of minimally invasive procedures appear to be the variables most closely associated with decreased risk. Other changes in the clinical characteristics of the patients do not seem to have influenced the outcomes.

Metástasis endobronquial de carcinoma tiroideo oculto / Endobronchial Metastasis of Occult Thyroid Carcinoma

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Neumomediastino y enfisema subcutáneo tras fibrobroncoscopia / Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema after Flexible Bronchoscopy

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Enfermedad pulmonar relacionada con inmunoglobulina G4 como hallazgo incidental tras resección quirúrgica de carcinoma pulmonar / Immunoglobulin G4-Related Lung Disease as an Incidental Finding After Surgical Resection of Lung Cancer

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Adenocarcinoma pulmonar quístico / Cystic Adenocarcinoma of the Lung

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