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1.
Cir Pediatr ; 30(3): 126-130, 2017 Jul 20.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29043688

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and to analyze the protocol applied for congenital defects (CD) in our environment. METHODS: Descriptive study of prenatally diagnosed CD in our area between 2004-2013. Includes: total births, fetal medicine referrals (number of consultations, ultrasound, invasive techniques) anatomical and chromosomal abnormalities, confirmed diagnoses, necropsies performed, false diagnoses, absence of prenatal diagnoses, and number and reasons for abortions (VIEs). RESULTS: Mean annual births were 3,646 ± 1,299, with a mean prenatal ultrasound of 2,144 ± 307 and 512 ± 74 invasive techniques per year. The annual average of prenatal chromosomopathies diagnosed were 26 ± 8 and 140 ± 14 anatomical abnormalities, which represents a 36.44% from all of the prenatal ultrasound performed. These include: neurological, cardiac and nephron-urological anatomic anomalies. Pre and post-natal correlation was observed in 95.6% of the DCs detected. Most common causes of abortion were chromosomal abnormalities, heart and neurological diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the variety of CD that cause VIEs, a highly specialized multidisciplinary approach is recommended to ensure optimal information for parents.


OBJETIVOS: Valorar la precisión del diagnóstico ecográfico prenatal y analizar el protocolo de actuación frente a un determinado defecto congénito (DC) en nuestro medio. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio descriptivo de los DC diagnosticados prenatalmente en nuestra área sanitaria entre los años 2004-2013. Como variables del estudio se incluyeron el número de nacimientos totales, derivaciones a medicina fetal (número de consultas, ecografías, técnicas invasivas) anomalías anatómicas por sistemas, cromosomopatías, diagnósticos confirmados, necropsias realizadas, falsos diagnósticos, ausencia de diagnóstico prenatal, número y motivo de interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo (IVEs). RESULTADOS: Durante el período estudiado, la media de nacimientos anuales fue de 3.646 ± 1.299, con una media de 2.144 ± 307 ecografías prenatales y 512 ± 74 técnicas invasivas anuales. La media anual de diagnóstico prenatal fue de 26 ± 8 cromosomopatías y 140 ± 14 anomalías anatómicas que suponen un 36,44% del total de las ecografías prenatales realizadas. Entre estas últimas se observaron malformaciones del sistema urinario, cardíacas y neurológicas, entre otras. Se observó correlación pre y postnatal en el 95,6% de los DC detectados. Las causas de interrupción del embarazo más frecuentes fueron las cromosomopatías, seguidas de las malformaciones congénitas (MC) cardíacas y neurológicas. CONCLUSIONES: Debido a la variedad de DC que originan IVE, es recomendable un abordaje multidisciplinar altamente especializado que garantice una información óptima a los padres.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations/statistics & numerical data , Chromosome Disorders/diagnosis , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Abortion, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Chromosome Disorders/epidemiology , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology , Female , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology , Humans , Nervous System Diseases/congenital , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology , Pregnancy , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Retrospective Studies
2.
Cir. pediátr ; 30(3): 126-130, jul. 2017. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-168005

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Valorar la precisión del diagnóstico ecográfico prenatal y analizar el protocolo de actuación frente a un determinado defecto congénito (DC) en nuestro medio. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de los DC diagnosticados prenatalmente en nuestra área sanitaria entre los años 2004-2013. Como variables del estudio se incluyeron el número de nacimientos totales, derivaciones a medicina fetal (número de consultas, ecografías, técnicas invasivas) anomalías anatómicas por sistemas, cromosomopatías, diagnósticos confirmados, necropsias realizadas, falsos diagnósticos, ausencia de diagnóstico prenatal, número y motivo de interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo (IVEs). Resultados. Durante el período estudiado, la media de nacimientos anuales fue de 3.646 ± 1.299, con una media de 2.144 ± 307 ecografías prenatales y 512 ± 74 técnicas invasivas anuales. La media anual de diagnóstico prenatal fue de 26 ± 8 cromosomopatías y 140 ± 14 anomalías anatómicas que suponen un 36,44% del total de las ecografías prenatales realizadas. Entre estas últimas se observaron malformaciones del sistema urinario, cardíacas y neurológicas, entre otras. Se observó correlación pre y postnatal en el 95,6% de los DC detectados. Las causas de interrupción del embarazo más frecuentes fueron las cromosomopatías, seguidas de las malformaciones congénitas (MC) cardíacas y neurológicas. Conclusiones. Debido a la variedad de DC que originan IVE, es recomendable un abordaje multidisciplinar altamente especializado que garantice una información óptima a los padres (AU)


Objectives. To assess the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and to analyze the protocol applied for congenital defects (CD) in our environment. Methods. Descriptive study of prenatally diagnosed CD in our area between 2004-2013. Includes: total births, fetal medicine referrals (number of consultations, ultrasound, invasive techniques) anatomical and chromosomal abnormalities, confirmed diagnoses, necropsies performed, false diagnoses, absence of prenatal diagnoses, and number and reasons for abortions (VIEs). Results. Mean annual births were 3,646 ± 1,299, with a mean prenatal ultrasound of 2,144 ± 307 and 512 ± 74 invasive techniques per year. The annual average of prenatal chromosomopathies diagnosed were 26 ± 8 and 140 ± 14 anatomical abnormalities, which represents a 36.44% from all of the prenatal ultrasound performed. These include: neurological, cardiac and nephron-urological anatomic anomalies. Pre and post-natal correlation was observed in 95.6% of the DCs detected. Most common causes of abortion were chromosomal abnormalities, heart and neurological diseases. Conclusions. Due to the variety of CD that cause VIEs, a highly specialized multidisciplinary approach is recommended to ensure optimal information for parents (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods , Congenital Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Postnatal Care , Retrospective Studies , Adenoma/diagnostic imaging
3.
Psychol Med ; 44(15): 3263-73, 2014 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25066663

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) is considered to be an important site of abnormality in major depressive disorder. However, structural alterations in this region have not been a consistent finding and functional imaging studies have also implicated additional areas. METHOD: A total of 32 patients with major depressive disorder, currently depressed, and 64 controls underwent structural imaging with MRI. Also, 26 patients and 52 controls were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of the n-back working memory task. Structural and functional changes were evaluated using whole-brain, voxel-based methods. RESULTS: The depressed patients showed volume reductions in the sgACC and orbitofrontal cortex bilaterally, plus in both temporal poles and the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus on the left. Functional imaging revealed task-related hypo-activation in the left lateral prefrontal cortex and other regions, as well as failure of deactivation in a subcallosal medial frontal cortical area which included the sgACC. CONCLUSIONS: Whole-brain, voxel-based analysis finds evidence of both structural and functional abnormality in the sgACC in major depressive disorder. The fact that the functional changes in this area took the form of failure of deactivation adds to previous findings of default mode network dysfunction in the disorder.


Subject(s)
Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Depressive Disorder, Major/physiopathology , Functional Neuroimaging/methods , Gyrus Cinguli/physiopathology , Adult , Cerebral Cortex/pathology , Depressive Disorder, Major/pathology , Female , Gyrus Cinguli/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Middle Aged
4.
Hum Psychopharmacol ; 20(6): 425-33, 2005 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16106477

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to analyse the onset of action of antidepressants in naturalistic conditions. METHOD: Multicenter, prospective, open-label, non-comparative naturalistic study among 582 depressed outpatients treated with mirtazapine. The patients were assessed at screening, and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks by the 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale (17-HAM-D) and clinical global impression (CGI). Onset of action was measured by traditional analyses based on the time to a persistent reduction of more than 50% from baseline on the 17-HAM-D. Patients were grouped into four groups: very fast responders, fast responders, traditional responders and partial or non-responders. The non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis test was used to assess differences between the groups and logistic regression to predict response after 1 week of treatment. RESULTS: 16% of patients had a very fast response, 42.1% a fast response, 26.5% a traditional response and 15.5% a partial or non-response. There were no significant differences between these groups with regard to dose of mirtazapine or sociodemographic characteristics. The baseline total 17-HAM-D was lower in the faster groups than in the slower groups. The evolution of 17-HAM-D items was similar in each responder group. CONCLUSION: Time to response varied from early faster response to late slower response. The evolution of 17-HAM-D for each type of response was similar, but occurred at a different time in each group.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Depressive Disorder/drug therapy , Mianserin/analogs & derivatives , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Mianserin/therapeutic use , Middle Aged , Mirtazapine , Prospective Studies , Time Factors
5.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 28(6): 385-393, nov. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-1806

ABSTRACT

El término 'esquizofrenia simple' nace a principios del siglo XX para designar una va riedad formal de la esquizofrenia. Sin una definición precisa pierde progresivamente su significación clínica como subtipo de esquizofrenia y se convierte paradójicamente en el representante puro del modelo de trastorno fundamental esquizofrénico. Su significado viene determinado históricamente por su origen en la intersección de tres categorías principales de la psicopatología clínica: psicosis, endogeneidad y proceso. La reciente exclusión del término esquizofrenia simple de los manuales diagnósticos y su reubicación taxonómica en los trastornos de personalidad será la consecuencia final del balance nosológico. El itinera rio del concepto 'esquizofrenia simple' nos sirve para cuestionar la viabilidad de una definición única del objeto clínico y para destacar el efecto configurador que los modelos teóricos ejercen sobre la taxonomía psiquiátrica (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Schizophrenic Psychology , Personality , Schizophrenia
6.
Psiquiatr. biol. (Ed. impr.) ; 7(1): 12-19, ene. 2000. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-9606

ABSTRACT

El estudio MAR (Mirtazapina Acción Rápida) es un estudio multicéntrico, observacional, abierto, no controlado, de fase IV y diseñado con el objetivo principal de evaluar la eficacia, tolerancia e inicio de acción de la mirtazapina en pacientes ambulatorios diagnosticados de episodio depresivo mayor. Se recogieron un total de 1.265 pacientes, de los que se incluyó en el análisis presentado a 911, realizándose evaluaciones a los días 0, 7, 14 y 28 mediante la escala de depresión de Hamilton de 17 ítems (HAMD17), la escala de impresión clínica global de severidad (CGI-S) y de mejoría (CGI-I). El análisis de eficacia puso de manifiesto una reducción significativa (p < 0,0001) de la escala HAMD desde su primer control (media inicial 23,33, media final 7,30), también evidente al analizar los cambios en las escalas CGI-S y CGI-I y los porcentajes de pacientes con reducciones superiores al 50 por ciento de la puntuación basal de la HAMD. La seguridad y tolerancia observada fue muy favorable, mejor que la encontrada en otros estudios. En nuestra muestra, representativa por su tamaño y características de la población general de pacientes depresivos de nuestro país, mirtazapina ha evidenciado su eficacia, seguridad y tolerabilidad (AU)


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Humans , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/analysis , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/adverse effects , Mianserin/analogs & derivatives , Multicenter Studies as Topic/methods , Signs and Symptoms , Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents/analysis , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antidepressive Agents/metabolism , Prospective Studies
7.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 28(6): 385-92, 2000.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11262284

ABSTRACT

The term simple schizophrenia was firstly used in the early twentieth century to designate a formal variety of schizophrenia. Without a precise definition the concept progressively looses its clinical significance as a subtype of schizophrenia and becomes paradoxically the representation of the pure fundamental disorder. The intersection of three clinical psychopathology categories psychoses, endogenity and process has historically determined the meaning of simple schizophrenia. The recent exclusion of the term simple schizophrenia from the diagnostic manuals and its taxonomical realignment as a personality disorder are the result of the nosological approach. The review of the concept of simple schizophrenia allow us to question the viability of a unique definition of clinical objects and to point out the configurating effect of theory on psychiatric taxonomy.


Subject(s)
Personality , Schizophrenic Psychology , Humans , Schizophrenia/classification , Schizophrenia/etiology
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