Disuria en una mujer de 24 años / Dysuria in a 24 years old woman

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Why Does COVID-19 Affect Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Milder? A Case-Control Study: Results from Two Observational Cohorts.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented global challenge in this century. COVID-19 is a viral respiratory infection, yet the clinical characteristics of this infection differ in spinal cord injury patients from those observed in the general population. Cough and asthenia are the most frequent symptoms in this population. Moreover, infected spinal cord injury patients rarely present complications that require admission to an Intensive Care Unit, in contrast to the general population. Thus, there is a clear need to understand how COVID-19 affects spinal cord injury patients from a molecular perspective. Here, we employed an -omics strategy in order to identify variations in protein abundance in spinal cord injury patients with and without COVID-19. After a quantitative differential analysis using isobaric tags and mass spectrometry and a verification phase, we have found differences mainly related to coagulation and platelet activation. Our results suggest a key role of heparin in the response of spinal cord injury patients to COVID-19 infection, showing a significant correlation between these proteins and heparin dose. Although the number of patients is limited, these data may shed light on new therapeutic options to improve the management these patients and, possibly, those of the general population as well.

[Effectiveness of the implementation of clinical-epidemiological management during Covid-19 in a medium-long-stay hospital.] / Efectividad de la implantación de una gestión clínico-epidemiológica durante la Covid-19 en un hospital de media-larga estancia.

OBJECTIVE: The effects of the Covid-19 health emergency have demonstrated the high vulnerability of people residing in medium and long-stay centers, with high mortality rates. Little data is available about contingency protocols to minimize the spread of the virus in these centers. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 and the preventive and management measures adopted at the National Hospital for Paraplegics (Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) to minimize the risk of transmission of Covid-19. METHODS: A team of specialists in Preventive and Internal Medicine established a protocol for active surveillance, identification of suspected and confirmed cases, and follow-up of contacts. Also, a Unit for the care of confirmed cases was created with personnel specifically trained in Covid-19, to achieve better patient care and optimize the available resources. Descriptive statistical measures have been used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The prevalence of Covid-19 was 12.2%, with a cumulative incidence of 8.2%. After the protocol was established, control of the disease was achieved without hospital transmission after its application. Due to the alarm generated at the start of the pandemic, up to 45% of the requested RT-PCRs did not meet the criteria of the Ministry of Health, all of which were negative. The clinical characteristics of our patients differed slightly from those observed in other studies published in the general population, with cough and asthenia being the most frequent symptoms, present in 69.2% and 38.5%, respectively. 100% of the infected patients did not present complications that required assistance in the Intensive Care Unit. CONCLUSIONS: With the application of preventive and organizational actions, we consider that we have presented a low incidence of those infected. The preparation of protocols and their supervision is essential for the rapid identification of cases and optimization of the tests requested. Despite being a medium and long-stay hospital, we have not presented any mortality or complications that required admission to the Intensive Care Unit.

OBJETIVO: Los efectos de la emergencia sanitaria por la Covid-19 han demostrado la alta vulnerabilidad de las personas que residen en centros de media y larga estancia, con altas tasas de mortalidad. Se disponen de pocos datos acerca de los protocolos de contingencia para minimizar la propagación del virus en estos centros. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes afectados por el SARS-CoV-2, así como las medidas preventivas y de gestión adoptadas en el Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (Toledo) para minimizar el riesgo de transmisión de la Covid-19. METODOS: Un equipo formado por especialistas en Medicina Preventiva y en Medicina Interna del Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos estableció un protocolo de vigilancia activa, identificación de casos sospechosos y confirmados, así como de seguimiento de contactos. Además, se creó una Unidad para la atención de los casos confirmados, con personal formado específicamente en Covid-19, para intentar lograr una mejor atención de los pacientes y optimización de los recursos materiales disponibles. Para el análisis de los datos se han utilizado medidas estadísticas descriptivas. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de la Covid-19 fue del 12,2%, con una incidencia acumulada del 8,2%. Tras la instauración del protocolo se logró el control de la enfermedad, sin transmisión intrahospitalaria posterior a su aplicación. Debido a la alarma generada al inicio de la pandemia, hasta un 45% de las RT-PCR solicitadas no cumplían los criterios del Ministerio de Sanidad, siendo todas negativas. Las características clínicas de nuestros pacientes difirieron ligeramente de las observadas en otros estudios publicados en población general, siendo la tos y la astenia los síntomas más frecuentes, presentes en el 69,2% y el 38,5% respectivamente. El 100% de los pacientes infectados no presentaron complicaciones que precisaran asistencia en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. CONCLUSIONES: Con la aplicación de las acciones preventivas y organizativas consideramos que hemos presentado una incidencia baja de infectados. Es indispensable la elaboración de protocolos y su supervisión para la rápida identificación de casos y optimizar las pruebas solicitadas. Pese a ser un hospital de media y larga estancia, no hemos presentado mortalidad ni complicaciones que requirieran ingreso en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.

Clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a cohort of patients with disability due to spinal cord injury.

STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and analytical features of a coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) infected cohort with SCI to enable accurate diagnosis and to outline prevention measures. SETTING: This study was conducted at the National Hospital for Paraplegics (Toledo, Spain). METHODS: A cohort analysis of seven patients with SCI infected by Covid-19 was performed. Diagnosis was confirmed with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasal exudate or sputum samples. Clinical, analytical, and radiographic findings were registered. RESULTS: RT-PCR detected COVID-19 infection in all patients, affecting males and people with a cervical level of injury more often (five out of seven). The average delay for diagnostic confirmation was 4 days (interquartile range, 1-10). Fever was the most frequent symptom (six out of seven). The second most common symptom was asthenia (four out of seven), followed by dyspnea, cough, and expectoration (three out of seven for each symptom). The Modified Early Warning System score for Covid-19 severity rating was classified as severe in five out of seven cases. All but one patient showed radiological alterations evident in chest X-rays at the time of diagnosis. All patients recovered gradually. CONCLUSION: Our patients with SCI and Covid-19 infection exhibited fewer symptoms than the general population. Furthermore, they presented similar or greater clinical severity. The clinical evolution was not as pronounced as had been expected. This study recommends close supervision of the SCI population to detect early compatible signs and symptoms of Covid-19 infection.

Efectividad de la implantación de una gestión clínico-epidemiológica durante la Covid-19 en un hospital de media-larga estancia / Effectiveness of the implementation of clinical-epidemiological management during Covid-19 in a medium-long-stay hospital

OBJETIVO: Los efectos de la emergencia sanitaria por la Covid-19 han demostrado la alta vulnerabilidad de las personas que residen en centros de media y larga estancia, con altas tasas de mortalidad. Se disponen de pocos datos acerca de los protocolos de contingencia para minimizar la propagación del virus en estos centros. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes afectados por el SARS-CoV-2, así como las medidas preventivas y de gestión adoptadas en el Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (Toledo) para minimizar el riesgo de transmisión de la Covid-19. MÉTODOS: Un equipo formado por especialistas en Medicina Preventiva y en Medicina Interna del Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos estableció un protocolo de vigilancia activa, identificación de casos sospechosos y confirmados, así como de seguimiento de contactos. Además, se creó una Unidad para la atención de los casos confirmados, con personal formado específicamente en Covid-19, para intentar lograr una mejor atención de los pacientes y optimización de los recursos materiales disponibles. Para el análisis de los datos se han utilizado medidas estadísticas descriptivas. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de la Covid-19 fue del 12,2%, con una incidencia acumulada del 8,2%. Tras la instauración del protocolo se logró el control de la enfermedad, sin transmisión intrahospitalaria posterior a su aplicación. Debido a la alarma generada al inicio de la pandemia, hasta un 45% de las RT-PCR solicitadas no cumplían los criterios del Ministerio de Sanidad, siendo todas negativas. Las características clínicas de nuestros pacientes difirieron ligeramente de las observadas en otros estudios publicados en población general, siendo la tos y la astenia los síntomas más frecuentes, presentes en el 69,2% y el 38,5% respectivamente. El 100% de los pacientes infectados no presentaron complicaciones que precisaran asistencia en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. CONCLUSIONES: Con la aplicación de las acciones preventivas y organizativas consideramos que hemos presentado una incidencia baja de infectados. Es indispensable la elaboración de protocolos y su supervisión para la rápida identificación de casos y optimizar las pruebas solicitadas. Pese a ser un hospital de media y larga estancia, no hemos presentado mortalidad ni complicaciones que requirieran ingreso en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos

OBJECTIVE: The effects of the Covid-19 health emergency have demonstrated the high vulnerability of people residing in medium and long-stay centers, with high mortality rates. Little data is available about contingency protocols to minimize the spread of the virus in these centers. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 and the preventive and management measures adopted at the National Hospital for Paraplegics (Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) to minimize the risk of transmission of Covid-19. METHODS: A team of specialists in Preventive and Internal Medicine established a protocol for active surveillance, identification of suspected and confirmed cases, and follow-up of contacts. Also, a Unit for the care of confirmed cases was created with personnel specifically trained in Covid-19, to achieve better patient care and optimize the available resources. Descriptive statistical measures have been used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The prevalence of Covid-19 was 12.2%, with a cumulative incidence of 8.2%. After the protocol was established, control of the disease was achieved without hospital transmission after its application. Due to the alarm generated at the start of the pandemic, up to 45% of the requested RT-PCRs did not meet the criteria of the Ministry of Health, all of which were negative. The clinical characteristics of our patients differed slightly from those observed in other studies published in the general population, with cough and asthenia being the most frequent symptoms, present in 69.2% and 38.5%, respectively. 100% of the infected patients did not present complications that required assistance in the Intensive Care Unit. CONCLUSIONS: With the application of preventive and organizational actions, we consider that we have presented a low incidence of those infected. The preparation of protocols and their supervision is essential for the rapid identification of cases and optimization of the tests requested. Despite being a medium and long-stay hospital, we have not presented any mortality or complications that required admission to the Intensive Care Unit

Efectividad del tratamiento con agentes antivirales directos en pacientes con coinfección por VHC y VIH. Estudio de cohorte multicéntrico / Effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with a HCV/HIV coinfection. A multicenter cohort study

Introducción: la eficacia de los agentes antivirales directos (AAD) ha quedado demostrada en ensayos clínicos tanto en mono como en coinfectados. Nuestro objetivo es analizar la efectividad y toxicidad de este tratamiento en vida real en pacientes con coinfección por VIH y VHC así como determinar variables asociadas a una evolución desfavorable. Métodos: estudio ambispectivo multicéntrico en una cohorte de pacientes coinfectados. Los datos fueron recogidos en ocho centros de Castilla-La Mancha entre 2014 y 2016. Se realizó un análisis por intención de tratamiento en el que cualquier pérdida de seguimiento, abandono de tratamiento o toxicidad terapéutica se consideró fracaso. Resultados: se estudiaron 229 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 49,6 años con predominio masculino (83%). Menos de un 10% presentaba carga viral (CV) detectable para el VIH. El genotipo de VHC más prevalente fue el 1 (65,1%). Un 50% tenía hepatopatía en grado de cirrosis. El 65% presentaba más de 800.000 copias/ml de CV de VHC. La respuesta viral sostenida (RVS) se alcanzó globalmente en el 91,7%. La estrategia de AAD más utilizada fue sofosbuvir/ ledipasvir. Un 52% de las pautas incluyeron ribavirina. El 65,9% completó pautas de 12 semanas y un 30%, de 24 semanas. Hubo 19 fracasos terapéuticos. No existen diferencias entre las distintas estrategias de AAD utilizadas. No se observó ningún factor predictor independiente de RVS. Conclusiones: el tratamiento del VHC en pacientes coinfectados presenta tasas de RVS muy elevadas también en vida real. La toxicidad es excepcional. No hemos identificado factores predictores específicos de evolución desfavorable (AU)

ntroduction: The effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents has been demonstrated in clinical trials both in patients with mono and coinfections. The goal of the study was to analyze the effectiveness and toxicity of this therapy in real-life patients with a HIV/HCV coinfection and to identify variables that are associated with an unfavorable outcome. Methods: This was a multicenter ambispective study in a cohort of coinfected patients. Data were collected from eight centers in Castilla-La Mancha from 2014 to 2016. An intent-to-treat analysis was performed and any loss to follow-up, treatment withdrawal or toxicity was considered as a failure. Results: A total of 229 patients were included with a median age of 49.6 years and the majority were male (83%). Fewer than 10% had a detectable HIV-related viral load (VL). The most prevalent HCV genotype was 1 (65.1%). Fifty percent had cirrhotic liver disease and 65% had over 800,000 copies/ml of HCV VL. The global sustained viral response (SVR) was reached by 91.7% of cases. The most commonly used DAA regimen was sofosbuvir/ledipasvir. Ribavirin was included in 52% of regimens, 65.9% of cases completed 12-week regimens and 30% completed 24-week schemes. There were 19 therapy failures. No differences were observed between the various DAA strategies used. No independent predictor was found for SVR. Conclusions: HCV treatment in coinfected patients is highly successful in terms of SVR rate in the real-life setting and toxicity is exceptional. We identified no specific predictors of an unfavorable outcome (AU)

Effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with a HCV/HIV coinfection. A multicenter cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: The effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents has been demonstrated in clinical trials both in patients with mono and coinfections. The goal of the study was to analyze the effectiveness and toxicity of this therapy in real-life patients with a HIV/HCV coinfection and to identify variables that are associated with an unfavorable outcome. METHODS: This was a multicenter ambispective study in a cohort of coinfected patients. Data were collected from eight centers in Castilla-La Mancha from 2014 to 2016. An intent-to-treat analysis was performed and any loss to follow-up, treatment withdrawal or toxicity was considered as a failure. RESULTS: A total of 229 patients were included with a median age of 49.6 years and the majority were male (83%). Fewer than 10% had a detectable HIV-related viral load (VL). The most prevalent HCV genotype was 1 (65.1%). Fifty percent had cirrhotic liver disease and 65% had over 800,000 copies/ml of HCV VL. The global sustained viral response (SVR) was reached by 91.7% of cases. The most commonly used DAA regimen was sofosbuvir/ledipasvir. Ribavirin was included in 52% of regimens, 65.9% of cases completed 12-week regimens and 30% completed 24-week schemes. There were 19 therapy failures. No differences were observed between the various DAA strategies used. No independent predictor was found for SVR. CONCLUSIONS: HCV treatment in coinfected patients is highly successful in terms of SVR rate in the real-life setting and toxicity is exceptional. We identified no specific predictors of an unfavorable outcome.